Valleys

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Isaiah 40:3 The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. [kjv]

… ετοιμασατε … οδον … ευθειας … τριβους … [lxx]

Luke 3:4 As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. [kjv]

… γεγραπται … λογων … φωνη βοωντος … ερημω … ευθειας … τριβους … [gnt]

Isaiah 40:4 Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain: [kjv]

… φαραγξ πληρωθησεται … βουνος ταπεινωθησεται … σκολια … ευθειαν … τραχεια … πεδια [lxx]

Luke 3:5 Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth; [kjv]

… φαραγξ πληρωθησεται … ορος … βουνος ταπεινωθησεται … σκολια …ευθειας … τραχειαι … οδους λειας [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "βουνός" ≈ "hill. heap, mound, alter".

Isaiah 40:3

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KJV: The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

Hebrew: קול קורא במדבר פנו דרך יהוה ישרו בערבה מסלה לאלהינו׃

Greek: φωνη βοωντος εν τη ερημω ετοιμασατε την οδον κυριου ευθειας ποιειτε τας τριβους του θεου ημων

Isaiah 40:4

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KJV: Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain:

Hebrew: כל גיא ינשא וכל הר וגבעה ישפלו והיה העקב למישור והרכסים לבקעה׃

Greek: πασα φαραγξ πληρωθησεται και παν ορος και βουνος ταπεινωθησεται και εσται παντα τα σκολια εις ευθειαν και η τραχεια εις πεδια

Luke 3:4

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KJV: As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

Greek: ως γεγραπται εν βιβλω λογων ησαιου του προφητου λεγοντος φωνη βοωντος εν τη ερημω ετοιμασατε την οδον κυριου ευθειας ποιειτε τας τριβους αυτου

Luke 3:5

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KJV: Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth;

Greek: πασα φαραγξ πληρωθησεται και παν ορος και βουνος ταπεινωθησεται και εσται τα σκολια εις ευθειαν ευθειας και αι τραχειαι εις οδους λειας

Latin: omnis vallis implebitur et omnis mons et collis humiliabitur et erunt prava in directa et aspera in vias planas

A valley is a low area surrounded by higher areas through which runs (or could run) a stream from one (higher) end to the other (lower) end.

Luke 3:5 Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth; [kjv]

… φαραγξ πληρωθησεται … ορος … βουνος ταπεινωθησεται … σκολια …ευθειας … τραχειαι … οδους λειας [gnt]

The English phrase "hill and dale" means "hill and valley".

Luke talks about every valley being filled.

Psalms 23 has a valley of shadows and darkness.

Psalms 23:4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. [kjv]

… μεσω σκιας … [lxx]

From where comes the "valley"?
From where comes the "shadow"?

More: A valley of shadows and darkness

Hebrew poetry often rhymes by meaning in pairs (similarity, contrast, etc.).

Rivers are usually in valleys as contrasted with hills as in "hill and valley" or "hill and dale".

The Middle English word "dale" ≈ "valley".
The Old English word "doel" ≈ "valley".
The German word "Tal" ≈ "valley".

The official Army song starts with "Over hill, over dale.as we hit the dusty trail", etc.

How is this song related to Christmas?

More: Song: Caissons go rolling along

A redundant place name is a name that, over time, has become redundant even though most people do not realize it.

At one time, the German "Tal" was pronounced as (English) "thal". A valley in Germany was named for Joachim Neander, who wrote many songs.

The valley was the "Neander-thal" valley which is a redundant place name. The term "Neanderthal Valley" means the "Neander valley valley"

Hundreds of years later, bones were discovered in the "Neander-thal" valley and the people from whom these bones came were named "Neanderthals".

For more information on Joachim Neander, see the following: Song: Praise to the Lord.