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Electron orbitals and Hund's rule
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640
1. Electron orbitals and Hund's rule
Note: The code for these orbitals was changed from ASP to PHP and not yet fully checked.
2. Electron orbitals and Hund's rule
Hund's rules provide a way to determine the electron configurations of an atom and is related to the idea of valence.

It is interesting that, though taught in chemistry class as a precise rule, the rule fails to predict some actual electron levels in practice.

This was originally discovered by writing a program to generate the s, p, d and f levels for the atoms. When checked with chemistry books (on atoms), it appeared that the program did not work for some levels. After some investigation, it was discovered that the program was correct but that the rule did not apply to some atoms.
3. Electron orbitals
Here are the electron orbital levels for the atomic elements.

These electron orbital levels use the aufbau principle. Some elements in the f levels do not appear to use this principle.
4. Orbitals
In each orbital representation in the table, the exponent indicates how many electrons are present in each sublevel. Each sublevel can hold a specified maximum of electrons.
#. Symbol: Name Orbital Orbitals
1. H: Hydrogen 1s 1s1
2. He: Helium 1s 1s2
3. Li: Lithium 2s 1s2 2s1
4. Be: Beryllium 2s 1s2 2s2
5. B: Boron 2p 1s2 2s2 2p1
6. C: Carbon 2p 1s2 2s2 2p2
7. N: Nitrogen 2p 1s2 2s2 2p3
8. O: Oxygen 2p 1s2 2s2 2p4
9. F: Fluorine 2p 1s2 2s2 2p5
10. Ne: Neon 2p 1s2 2s2 2p6
11. Na: Sodium (Natrium) 3s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
12. Mg: Magnesium 3s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
13. Al: Aluminium (Aluminum) 3p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
14. Si: Silicon 3p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
15. P: Phosphorus 3p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
16. S: Sulfur (Sulphur) 3p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
17. Cl: Chlorine 3p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
18. Ar: Argon 3p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
19. K: Potassium (Kalium) 4s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
20. Ca: Calcium 4s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
21. Sc: Scandium 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1
22. Ti: Titanium 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2
23. V: Vanadium 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
24. Cr: Chromium 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4
25. Mn: Manganese 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
26. Fe: Iron (Ferrum) 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
27. Co: Cobalt 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7
28. Ni: Nickel 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
29. Cu: Copper (Cuprum) 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9
30. Zn: Zinc 3d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
31. Ga: Gallium 4p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1
32. Ge: Germanium 4p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2
33. As: Arsenic 4p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3
34. Se: Selenium 4p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4
35. Br: Bromine 4p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
36. Kr: Krypton 4p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
37. Rb: Rubidium 5s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1
38. Sr: Strontium 5s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2
39. Y: Yttrium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1
40. Zr: Zirconium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2
41. Nb: Niobium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d3
42. Mo: Molybdenum 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d4
43. Tc: Technetium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5
44. Ru: Ruthenium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d6
45. Rh: Rhodium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d7
46. Pd: Palladium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d8
47. Ag: Silver (Argentum) 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d9
48. Cd: Cadmium 4d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10
49. In: Indium 5p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1
50. Sn: Tin (Stannum) 5p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2
51. Sb: Antimony (Stibium) 5p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3
52. Te: Tellurium 5p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4
53. I: Iodine 5p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5
54. Xe: Xenon 5p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6
55. Cs: Caesium (Cesium) 6s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1
56. Ba: Barium 6s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2
57. La: Lanthanum 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1
58. Ce: Cerium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d2
59. Pr: Praseodymium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d3
60. Nd: Neodymium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d4
61. Pm: Promethium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d5
62. Sm: Samarium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d6
63. Eu: Europium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d7
64. Gd: Gadolinium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d8
65. Tb: Terbium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d9
66. Dy: Dysprosium 5d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10
67. Ho: Holmium 6p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p1
68. Er: Erbium 6p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p2
69. Tm: Thulium 6p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p3
70. Yb: Ytterbium 6p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p4
71. Lu: Lutetium 6p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p5
72. Hf: Hafnium 6p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6
73. Ta: Tantalum 7s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s1
74. W: Tungsten (Wolfram) 7s 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2
75. Re: Rhenium 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d1
76. Os: Osmium 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d2
77. Ir: Iridium 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d3
78. Pt: Platinum 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d4
79. Au: Gold (Aurum) 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d5
80. Hg: Mercury (Hydrargyrum) 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d6
81. Tl: Thallium 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d7
82. Pb: Lead (Plumbum) 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d8
83. Bi: Bismuth 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d9
84. Po: Polonium 6d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10
85. At: Astatine 7p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p1
86. Rn: Radon 7p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p2
87. Fr: Francium 7p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p3
88. Ra: Radium 7p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p4
89. Ac: Actinium 7p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p5
90. Th: Thorium 7p 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6
91. Pa: Protactinium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f1
92. U: Uranium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f2
93. Np: Neptunium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f3
94. Pu: Plutonium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f4
95. Am: Americium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f5
96. Cm: Curium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f6
97. Bk: Berkelium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f7
98. Cf: Californium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f8
99. Es: Einsteinium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f9
100. Fm: Fermium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f10
101. Md: Mendelevium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f11
102. No: Nobelium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f12
103. Lr: Lawrencium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f13
104. Rf: Rutherfordium 4f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14
105. Db: Dubnium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f1
106. Sg: Seaborgium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f2
107. Bh: Bohrium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f3
108. Hs: Hassium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f4
109. Mt: Meitnerium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f5
110. Ds: Darmstadtium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f6
111. Rg: Roentgenium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f7
112. Cn: Copernicium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f8
113. Uut: Ununtrium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f9
114. Uuq: Ununquadium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f10
115. Uup: Ununpentium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f11
116. Uuh: Ununhexium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f12
117. Uus: Ununseptium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f13
118. Uuo: Ununoctium 5f 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d10 7p6 4f14 5f14
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by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640