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A feud about a little less
1. A feud about a little less
Sometimes less is more - as in few. Here we look at what is left when we have fewer.
22:14 For many are called, but few are chosen. [kjv]
… ολιγοι … [gnt]
… pauci … [v]
A traditional United States Marine motto is, "
The few, the proud, the Marines".
2. Matthew 22:14
KJV: For many are called, but few are chosen.
Greek: πολλοι γαρ εισιν κλητοι ολιγοι δε εκλεκτοι
Latin: multi autem sunt vocati pauci vero electi
Wessex: Witodlice manega synde ge-laðede äc feawe ge-corene.
Wycliffe: For many ben clepid, but fewe ben chosun.
Tyndale: For many are called and feawe be chosen.
Luther: denn viele sind berufen, aber wenige sind auserwählet.
3. Few
4. Greek
The ancient Greek word
"ολίγος" (o-LEE-gos) ≈ "few" and is from the
PIE root for "
indigent" or "
needy" or "
ill".
There are many English words (though not seen often) that start with "
oligo" such as "
oligonucleotide".
The English word "
oligarchy" comes through French and Latin from Greek.
5. Oligarchy
The modern Greek word
"ολιγαρχία" (o-lee-gar-KHEE-a) ≈ "oligarchy" or rule by a few.
This word is not found in the Bible Greek but does appear in Herodotus, Plutarch, Josephus, etc.
Αρχαιότητες 11 12:1 καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἐπιδαψιλευόμενοι ταῖσθυσίαις καὶ τῇ περὶ τὸν θεὸν φιλοτιμίᾳ κατῴκησαν ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις πολιτείᾳ χρώμενοι ἀριστοκρατικῇ μετὰ ὀλιγαρχίας· οἱ γὰρἀρχιερεῖς προεστήκεσαν τῶν πραγμάτων ἄχρι οὗ τοὺς Ἀσαμωναίουσυνέβη βασιλεύειν ἐκγόνους. [jsphs]
The ancient Greek word has the leading «
ο» (omicron) which has dropped off in the modern Greek word. In this case, less is still less (a play on words here).
In the case of "
less", the leading «
ο» (omicron) sounded like a definite article and dropped off over time.
6. Gender system in Greek
7. Case and gender
8. Grammatical gender
9. Adding and dropping letters
The phenomena of adding letters or dropping letters is not uncommon and develops over time based on how people hear a word.
For baseball fans, the numpire calls balls and strikes. Is that correct?
For cooks, it can be good to wear a napron. Is that correct?
For outdoor hikers, have you ever encountered a nadder. Is that correct?
10. Umpires
For baseball fans, the numpire calls balls and strikes. Is that correct?
The numpire is not the
odd man out but the
odd man in. Is Jesus a numpire?
The English word "
umpire" comes from the English word "
noumpere" which comes from the French word
"nonper" ≈ "umpire" which means "
odd number" or, literally, "
not divisible (by two)" and thus "
not even" since a third party (making an odd number) is required to settle a dispute between two parties.
Contrast: Third party cookie.
Analogy: Jesus as intercessor or "umpire".
Over time, the words "
a noumpere" was heard as "
an umpere" so that "
umpere" and later "
umpire" become the word. Same for "
napron" to "
apron" and "
nadder" to "
adder" but not "
napkin".
11. Umpire jokes
God challenges the Devil to a game of baseball.
God said: How can I lose?
I have all the best players up here!
The Devil said: How can I lose?
I have all of the umpires down here.
12. Umpire jokes
Why are some umpires fat?
The always clean their plate.
What is the difference between an umpire and an empire?
An umpire gives three strikes, but an empire strikes back.
13. Third party cookies
A security issue in web pages are "
third party cookies".
The client (i.e., you ) a web page is the first party.
The server providing the web page is the second party.
An additional entity (marketing agency, hacker, etc.) constitutes the third party.
Note that third party cookies are one way of tracking user behavior over the Internet.
14. Aprons
The English word "
apron" comes from the English word "
napron" which comes from The French word
"naperon" ≈ "small table cloth" which is a diminutive of The French word
"nappe" ≈ "cloth". The Latin word is
"mappa" ≈ "napkin" where, linguistically, the change from "
m" to "
n" is not uncommon.
That is, "
a napron" changed to "
an apron". Note that this change did not effect the word "
napkin", which is not called an "
apkin", but just the word "
apron".
15. Adders and nadders
John 3:14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: [kjv]
… οφιν … [gnt]
… neddre … [wes]
The Old English word "
naeddre" was a "
snake". The leading "
n" dropped off to yield "
adder" as a snake. That is, "
a nadder" became "
an adder".
The Old English word "naeddren" ≈ "snakes" shows the presence of the leading "n".
The Middle English word "edder" ≈ "snake" shows the dropping of the leading "n" from Old English.
We see this use of "an neddre" to "
an adder" starting in the Wessex Gospels in John 3:14.
16. John 3:14
KJV: And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:
Greek: και καθως μωσης μωυσης υψωσεν τον οφιν εν τη ερημω ουτως υψωθηναι δει τον υιον του ανθρωπου
Latin: et sicut Moses exaltavit serpentem in deserto ita exaltari oportet Filium hominis
Wessex: aend swa swa moyses þa neddre up ä-hof on þam westene. swa ge-bereð þaet mannes sunu beo up a-hafen.
Wycliffe: And as Moises areride a serpent in desert, so it bihoueth mannys sone to be reisid,
Tyndale: And as Moses lifte vp the serpent in the wyldernes even so must the sonne of man be lifte vp
Spanish: Y como Moisés levantó la serpiente en el desierto, así es necesario que el Hijo del Hombre sea levantado;
17. Matthew 7:10
Matthew 7:10 Or if he ask a fish, will he give him a serpent? [kjv]
… οφιν … [gnt]
The modern Greek word
"φίδι" (FEE-thee) ≈ "snake" comes from the ancient Greek word
"όφιν" (O-feen) ≈ "snake" where, over time, the leading «
ο» (omicron) disappeared (and the ending changed).
The Latin word
"serpentem" ≈ "snake" leads to the translation of "
serpent" for "
snake" in many translations.
18. Matthew 7:10
KJV: Or if he ask a fish, will he give him a serpent?
Greek: η και εαν ιχθυν αιτηση αιτησει μη οφιν επιδωσει αυτω
Latin: aut si piscem petet numquid serpentem porriget ei
Wessex: Oððe gyf he him bit fissces. sylst þu him naeddren.
Wycliffe: Or if he axe fische, whether he wole take hym an edder?
Tyndale: Or if he axed fysshe wolde he proffer hym a serpet?
19. Movable nu
The Greek language has what is called a "
movable nu" from the letter "
nu" in the Greek alphabet.
The ancient Greek phrase
"νῦ ἐφελκυστικόν" ≈ "nu dragged onto, nu attracted to" and comes from two Greek words.
The ancient Greek word "επι" ≈ "on".
The ancient Greek word "ἕλκω" ≈ "drag, attract"
In Greek, the "
movable nu" is used to avoid two vowels in a row, a "
hiatus". That is, a vowel at the end of one word and a vowel at the beginning of the next word. Since this is a speech-related phenomena, sometimes the "
movable nu" is optional.
20. Strongs - draw
Strongs definitions:
- *G1670 *8 ἑλκύω (hel-koo'-o) : or helko hel'-ko; probably akin to G138; to drag (literally or figuratively):--draw. Compare G1667.
- ειλκυσεν *2
- John 18:10 ... Peter having a sword drew it, and smote ...
- John 21:11 Simon Peter went up, and drew the net to land ...
- ελκυση
- John 6:44 ... the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I ...
- ελκυσω
- John 12:32 ... I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me.
- ελκυσαι
- John 21:6 ... they were not able to draw it for the multitude of fishes.
- ειλκυσαν
- Acts 16:19 ... Paul and Silas, and drew them into the marketplace unto the rulers,
- ειλκον
- Acts 21:30 ... and they took Paul, and drew him out of the temple: ...
- ελκουσιν
- James 2:6 ... oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats?
21. Usage - draw
 |
Words: ειλκον ειλκυσαν ειλκυσεν=2 ελκουσιν ελκυσαι ελκυση ελκυσω
|
22. Strange attractor
John 6:44 No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day. [kjv]
… ελκυση … [gnt]
12:32 And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me. [kjv]
… ελκυσω … [gnt]
The phrase "
strange attractor" is a term from "
chaos theory".
23. John 6:44
KJV: No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day.
Greek: ουδεις δυναται ελθειν προς με εαν μη ο πατηρ ο πεμψας με ελκυση αυτον και εγω καγω αναστησω αυτον εν τη εσχατη ημερα
24. John 12:32
KJV: And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me.
Greek: καγω εαν αν υψωθω εκ της γης παντας ελκυσω προς εμαυτον
25. Attracting fish
26. John 21:6
KJV: And he said unto them, Cast the net on the right side of the ship, and ye shall find. They cast therefore, and now they were not able to draw it for the multitude of fishes.
Greek: ο δε ειπεν αυτοις βαλετε εις τα δεξια μερη του πλοιου το δικτυον και ευρησετε εβαλον ουν και ουκ ετι ουκετι αυτο ελκυσαι ισχυσαν ισχυον απο του πληθους των ιχθυων
Latin: dixit eis mittite in dexteram navigii rete et invenietis miserunt ergo et iam non valebant illud trahere a multitudine piscium
27. John 21:11
KJV: Simon Peter went up, and drew the net to land full of great fishes, an hundred and fifty and three: and for all there were so many, yet was not the net broken.
Greek: ανεβη ουν σιμων πετρος και ειλκυσεν το δικτυον επι της γης εις την γην μεστον ιχθυων μεγαλων εκατον πεντηκοντατριων πεντηκοντα τριων και τοσουτων οντων ουκ εσχισθη το δικτυον
28. Similar German rule
The German rule
"Eifeler Regel" ≈ "Eifel Rule" is a rule whereby, in speech, the consonant "
n" at the end of a word is sometimes omitted if the next word begins with a consonant.
29. Juncture loss
In linguistics, a "
juncture loss" is where some of a word or words is lost over time. Here are some examples (some from Wikipedia).
alligator from the Spanish word "el lagarto" ≈ "lizard", an alligator being a type of lizard.
ajar (from the Scottish "a char" meaning "turned a little way")
alone (from all one)
atone (from at one)
an apron (from napron)
an umpire (from numpire)
30. Fish in Greek
The ancient Greek word "οψάρι" (o-PSA-ree) ≈ "fish" (noun) was used for fish that was out of water and ready to eat or be prepared to eat, as in the following verse. This word (prefix) appears 5 times in the Greek NT (New Testament) all in the Gospel of John.
The modern Greek word "ψάρι" (PSA-ree) ≈ "fish" (noun) comes from the previous word with the omission of the leading omicron "ο".
Over time, the leading «
ο» (omicron), sounding like the Greek masculine definite article
"ο" (oh) ≈ "the", disappeared.
31. Other fish
32. John 6:9
KJV: There is a lad here, which hath five barley loaves, and two small fishes: but what are they among so many?
Greek: εστιν παιδαριον εν ωδε ο ος εχει πεντε αρτους κριθινους και δυο οψαρια αλλα ταυτα τι εστιν εις τοσουτους
Latin: est puer unus hic qui habet quinque panes hordiacios et duos pisces sed haec quid sunt inter tantos
Wycliffe: seith to him, A child is here, that hath fyue barli looues and twei fischis; but what ben these among so manye?
Tyndale: There ys a lad here which hath fyve barly loves and two fisshes: but what is that amoge so many?
Luther: Es ist ein Knabe hier, der hat fünf Gerstenbrote und zwei Fische; aber was ist das unter so viele?
Russian: здесь есть у одного мальчика пять хлебов ячменных и две рыбки; но что это для такого множества?
33. Rebracketing
The general historical linguistics term for this phenomena is "rebracketing" or "resegmentation" or "metanalysis".
Example: A meat patty originating in Hamburg being considered a "burger" with "ham".
34. Other words
another (an other)
auger (nauger)
decoy (the coy, in Dutch)
humble pie (numble pie)
lone (all one)
nickname (an ekename to neke name)
omelet (nomelet)
From Wikipedia.
A 2 year old grandson (2020-12-20) liked watching the Disney animation "Monsters Inc". He said he wanted to watch "Monster Sync".
35. Juncture loss
ajar (from the Scottish "a char" meaning "turned a little way")
alligator from the Spanish word "el lagarto" ≈ "lizard", an alligator being a type of lizard.
alone (from all one)
atone (from at one)
From Wikipedia.
36. Shorted speech
In English, as in other languages, words are often shortened over time. Here are some examples.
"indeed" as "deed, that's right"
"je-et?" for "Did you eat?"
37. Alligators and crocodiles
To many, alligators and crocodiles are similar reptiles.
To start with, an alligator has a wide snout and is black while a crocodile has a pointy snout and has an olive-green color.
Alligators, is in the Florida Gators, are native to the United States (and parts of China) while crocodiles are found many places in the world.
38. Florida Gators
In 2003, the Florida Gators media guide featured a photo of a crocodile rather than an alligator. You think they would know the difference.
Note: An alligator has a wide snout and is black while a crocodile has a pointy snout and has an olive-green color.
39. Juncture loss
In linguistics, a "
juncture loss" is where some of a word or words is lost over time. Here are some examples (some from Wikipedia).
alligator from the Spanish word "el lagarto" ≈ "lizard", an alligator being a type of lizard.
ajar (from the Scottish "a char" meaning "turned a little way")
alone (from all one)
atone (from at one)
an apron (from napron)
an umpire (from numpire)
40. Crocodile
Ignoring the reference in Job to Leviathan as a possibility, the word crocodile does not appear in the Bible. However it does appear in the
LXX (Septuagint), but does not appear to have made it into the Hebrew (and thus into the
KJV (King James Version)).
The modern Greek word
"κροκόδειλος" (kro-KO-thee-los) ≈ "crocodile" and may come from the words for "
pebbles" and "
worm".
Several other Bible versions do have a form of the word "
crocodile".
41. Leviticus 11:29
Leviticus 11:29 These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind, [kjv]
… κροκοδειλος … [lxx]
… corcodillus … [v]
… frog… [gb]
Wycliffe follows the Latin Vulgate and
LXX in using "cocodrille".
The Geneva Bible uses "
frog".
42. Leviticus 11:29
KJV: These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,
Hebrew: וזה לכם הטמא בשרץ השרץ על הארץ החלד והעכבר והצב למינהו׃
Greek: και ταυτα υμιν ακαθαρτα απο των ερπετων των ερποντων επι της γης η γαλη και ο μυς και ο κροκοδειλος ο χερσαιος
Latin: hoc quoque inter polluta reputabitur de his quae moventur in terra mustela et mus et corcodillus singula iuxta genus suum
Wycliffe: Also these thingis schulen be arettid among defoulid thingis, of these that ben moued on erthe; a wesele, and mows, and a cocodrille, `alle bi her kynde;
Geneva: Also these shalbe vncleane to you amog the things that creepe and moue vpon the earth, the weasell, and the mouse, and the frog, after his kinde:
43. End of page
In ancient times, the number 153 was known as the "number of the fish".