Weights and measures

Proverbs 20:10 Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD. [kjv]

σταθμιον μεγα και μικρον και μετρα δισσα ακαθαρτα ενωπιον κυριου και αμφοτερα [lxx]

Eventually, some form of weights and measures are created for precious metals and money. This leads to some form of standardization and, of course, ways to "cheat the system". God does not like this type of "cheating".

The word for "weight" above is «ζυγοις».

The modern Greek word "ζυγός" (zee-GOS) ≈ "yoke". The prefix «ζυ» is related linguistically to «δυ» as in double or two. A balance scale has two sides connected together.
The modern Greek word "ζυγίζω" (zee-Y-zo) ≈ "weigh" which has roots in the weighting of something using a balance scale.
These words are related to the English "yoke" and German "Joch" which have roots in the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "yeug" ≈ "to join" from which the Greek terms develop.

The modern Greek word "ζεύγος" (ZEV-gos) ≈ "pair".

Proverbs 20:10

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KJV: Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD.

Hebrew: אבן ואבן איפה ואיפה תועבת יהוה גם שניהם׃

Greek: σταθμιον μεγα και μικρον και μετρα δισσα ακαθαρτα ενωπιον κυριου και αμφοτερα

Proverbs 20:10 Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD. [kjv]

σταθμιον μεγα και μικρον και μετρα δισσα ακαθαρτα ενωπιον κυριου και αμφοτερα [lxx]

The modern Greek word "μετρήσει" (meh-TREE-see) ≈ "measure".
The modern Greek word "μετρά" (meh-TRA) ≈ "measure", same as in the verse above, from which we get words such as "measure", "meter", "metronome", etc.
The modern Greek word "σταθμά" (sta-THMA) ≈ "weights", same as in the verse above. The English word "stay" is related through the "*stak" ≈ "to stand, place".

Leviticus 19:35 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure. [kjv]

ου ποιησετε αδικον εν κρισει εν μετροις και εν σταθμιοις και εν ζυγοις [lxx]

The modern Greek word "δύο" (THEE-o) ≈ "two", which is related to the prefix «ζυ» as mentioned above.
The modern Greek word "σύζυγος" (SEE-zee-gos) ≈ "spouse" is, literally, "together yoked".

Leviticus 19:35

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KJV: Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure.

Hebrew: לא תעשו עול במשפט במדה במשקל ובמשורה׃

Greek: ου ποιησετε αδικον εν κρισει εν μετροις και εν σταθμιοις και εν ζυγοις

Luke 2:24 And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons. [kjv]

και του δουναι θυσιαν κατα το ειρημενον εν τω νομω κυριου ζευγος τρυγονων η δυο περιστερων [gnt]

Luke 2:24

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KJV: And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.

Greek: και του δουναι θυσιαν κατα το ειρημενον εν τω νομω κυριου ζευγος τρυγονων η δυονεοσσους νοσσους περιστερων

Philippians 4:3 And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life. [kjv]

ναι ερωτω και σε γνησιε συζυγ ε συλλαμβανου αυταις αιτινες εν τω ευαγγελιω συνηθλησαν μοι μετα και κλημεντος και των λοιπων συνεργων μου ων τα ονοματα εν βιβλω ζωης [gnt]

Philippians 4:3

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KJV: And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life.

Greek: και ναι ερωτω και σε συζυγε γνησιε συζυγ ε συλλαμβανου αυταις αιτινες εν τω ευαγγελιω συνηθλησαν μοι μετα και κλημεντος και των λοιπων συνεργων μου ων τα ονοματα εν βιβλω ζωης

Micah 6:11 Shall I count them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights? [kjv]

ει δικαιωθησεται εν ζυγω ανομος και εν μαρσιππω σταθμια δολου [lxx]

Returning to deceitful weights and measures, the following appears in Micah.

The word here for "bag" is «μαρσιππω».

The modern Greek word "μάρσιπο" (MAR-see-po) ≈ "pocket, marsupial".

Animals that are marsupials are animals that have pouches for their young.

Micah 6:11

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KJV: Shall I count them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights?

Hebrew: האזכה במאזני רשע ובכיס אבני מרמה׃

Greek: ει δικαιωθησεται εν ζυγω ανομος και εν μαρσιππω σταθμια δολου

John 12:3 Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment. [kjv]

η ουν μαριαμ λαβουσα λιτραν μυρου ναρδου πιστικης πολυτιμου ηλειψεν τους ποδας του ιησου και εξεμαξεν ταις θριξιν αυτης τους ποδας αυτου η δε οικια επληρωθη εκ της οσμης του μυρου [gnt]

… libram … [v]

The Greek word translated as "pound" is that of the Greek word that became "liter".

The ancient Greek word "λίτρα" ≈ "litre, libra" as a Sicilian silver coin or a unit of weight, from the Latin word "liibra" ≈ "Roman pound, scales" as in the constellation "Libra".The Latin word is related to the ancient Greek word "λείβω" ≈ "pour, let flow".

*G3046 *2 λίτρα (lee'-trah) : of Latin origin (libra); a pound in weight:--pound.

Words: λιτραν λιτρας

*G3046 *2 λίτρα (lee'-trah) : of Latin origin (libra); a pound in weight:--pound.

Usage

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λιτραν

John 12:3 Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, ...

λιτρας

John 19:39 ... aloes, about an hundred pound weight.

John 12:3

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KJV: Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.

Greek: η ουν μαρια μαριαμ λαβουσα λιτραν μυρου ναρδου πιστικης πολυτιμου ηλειψεν τους ποδας του ιησου και εξεμαξεν ταις θριξιν αυτης τους ποδας αυτου η δε οικια επληρωθη εκ της οσμης του μυρου

Latin: Maria ergo accepit libram unguenti nardi pistici pretiosi unxit pedes Iesu et extersit capillis suis pedes eius et domus impleta est ex odore unguenti

John 19:39 And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight. [kjv]

ηλθεν δε και νικοδημος ο ελθων προς αυτον νυκτος το πρωτον φερων ελιγμα σμυρνης και αλοης ως λιτρας εκατον [gnt]

… mixturam murrae … aloes quasi libras centum [v]

The Greek word translated as "pound" is that of the Greek word that became "liter".

John 19:39

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KJV: And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.

Greek: ηλθεν δε και νικοδημος ο ελθων προς τον ιησουν αυτον νυκτος το πρωτον φερων μιγμα ελιγμα σμυρνης και αλοης ωσει ως λιτρας εκατον

Latin: venit autem et Nicodemus qui venerat ad Iesum nocte primum ferens mixturam murrae et aloes quasi libras centum

The ancient Greek word "στατήρ" ≈ "weight, standard, stater" where the "stater" was a type of coin. This type of coin is mentioned by Jesus in the Temple tax verses in Matthew 17.

More: Matthew 17:24-27 Tacky attacks on a senseless tax