Heart and soul

The "golden rule" appears in the Old Testament.

Deuteronomy 6:5

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KJV: And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.

Hebrew: ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך ובכל נפשך ובכל מאדך׃

Greek: και αγαπησεις κυριον τον θεον σου εξ ολης της καρδιας σου και εξ ολης της ψυχης σου και εξ ολης της δυναμεως σου

Latin: diliges Dominum Deum tuum ex toto corde tuo et ex tota anima tua et ex tota fortitudine tua

Luther: Und du sollst den Herrn, deinen Gott, liebhaben von ganzem Herzen, von ganzer Seele, von allem Vermögen.

Russian: и люби Господа, Бога твоего, всем сердцем твоим, и всею душею твоею и всеми силами твоими.

Spanish: Y amarás a Jehová tu Dios con todo tu corazón, y con toda tu alma, y con todo tu poder.

In the KJV (King James Version) the words "heart" and "soul" appears together in 29 verses in the Old Testament

What exactly is the difference, keeping the Hebrew in mind, between the "heart" and the "soul"? The LXX (Septuagint) words appear to repeat the same concepts, at least using words that are still used today.

Do the verses in Psalms help resolve the issue?

Psalms 24:4

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KJV: He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully.

Hebrew: נקי כפים ובר לבב אשר לא נשא לשוא נפשי ולא נשבע למרמה׃

Greek: αθωος χερσιν και καθαρος τη καρδια ος ουκ ελαβεν επι ματαιω την ψυχην αυτου και ουκ ωμοσεν επι δολω τω πλησιον αυτου

Psalms 84:2

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KJV: My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the LORD: my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God.

Hebrew: נכספה וגם כלתה נפשי לחצרות יהוה לבי ובשרי ירננו אל אל חי׃

Greek: επιποθει και εκλειπει η ψυχη μου εις τας αυλας του κυριου η καρδια μου και η σαρξ μου ηγαλλιασαντο επι θεον ζωντα

Do the verses in Proverbs help resolve the issue?

Proverbs 2:10

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KJV: When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant unto thy soul;

Hebrew: כי תבוא חכמה בלבך ודעת לנפשך ינעם׃

Greek: εαν γαρ ελθη η σοφια εις σην διανοιαν η δε αισθησις τη ση ψυχη καλη ειναι δοξη

Proverbs 24:12

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KJV: If thou sayest, Behold, we knew it not; doth not he that pondereth the heart consider it? and he that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? and shall not he render to every man according to his works?

Hebrew: כי תאמר הן לא ידענו זה הלא תכן לבות הוא יבין ונצר נפשך הוא ידע והשיב לאדם כפעלו׃

Greek: εαν δε ειπης ουκ οιδα τουτον γινωσκε οτι κυριος καρδιας παντων γινωσκει και ο πλασας πνοην πασιν αυτος οιδεν παντα ος αποδιδωσιν εκαστω κατα τα εργα αυτου

Do the verses in Jeremiah help resolve the issue?

Jeremiah 4:19

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KJV: My bowels, my bowels! I am pained at my very heart; my heart maketh a noise in me; I cannot hold my peace, because thou hast heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war.

Hebrew: מעי מעי אחולה קירות לבי המה לי לבי לא אחריש כי קול שופר שמעתי נפשי תרועת מלחמה׃

Greek: την κοιλιαν μου την κοιλιαν μου αλγω και τα αισθητηρια της καρδιας μου μαιμασσει η ψυχη μου σπαρασσεται η καρδια μου ου σιωπησομαι οτι φωνην σαλπιγγος ηκουσεν η ψυχη μου κραυγην πολεμου

Jeremiah 32:41

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KJV: Yea, I will rejoice over them to do them good, and I will plant them in this land assuredly with my whole heart and with my whole soul.

Hebrew: וששתי עליהם להטיב אותם ונטעתים בארץ הזאת באמת בכל לבי ובכל נפשי׃

Greek: και επισκεψομαι του αγαθωσαι αυτους και φυτευσω αυτους εν τη γη ταυτη εν πιστει και εν παση καρδια και εν παση ψυχη

In the KJV the words "heart" and "soul" appears together in 6 verses in the New Testament.

Why does Jesus use "mind" rather than "might" as appears in the Old Testament?

Matthew 22:37

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KJV: Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.

Greek: ο δε ιησους ειπεν εφη αυτω αγαπησεις κυριον τον θεον σου εν ολη τη καρδια σου και εν ολη τη ψυχη σου και εν ολη τη διανοια σου

Latin: ait illi Iesus diliges Dominum Deum tuum ex toto corde tuo et in tota anima tua et in tota mente tua

Mark adds "strength" which appears in the Old Testament, but "mind" does not.

Mark 12:30

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KJV: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.

Greek: και αγαπησεις κυριον τον θεον σου εξ ολης της καρδιας σου και εξ ολης της ψυχης σου και εξ ολης της διανοιας σου και εξ ολης της ισχυος σου αυτη πρωτη εντολη

Latin: et diliges Dominum Deum tuum ex toto corde tuo et ex tota anima tua et ex tota mente tua et ex tota virtute tua hoc est primum mandatum

Gothic: jah frijos fraujan guth theinana us allamma hairtin theinamma jah us allai saiwalai theinai jah us allai gahugdai theinai jah us allai mahtai theinai. so frumista anabusns.

Spanish: Y amarás al Señor tu Dios con todo tu corazón, y con toda tu alma, y con toda tu mente, y con todas tus fuerzas. Éste es el principal mandamiento.

Mark adds "strength" which appears in the Old Testament, but "understanding" does not.

Mark 12:33

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KJV: And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

Greek: και το αγαπαν αυτον εξ ολης της καρδιας και εξ ολης της συνεσεως και εξ ολης της ψυχης και εξ ολης της ισχυος και το αγαπαν τον πλησιον ως εαυτον πλειον περισσοτερον εστιν παντων των ολοκαυτωματων και των θυσιων

Luke appears to follow Mark.

Luke 10:27

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KJV: And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbour as thyself.

Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αγαπησεις κυριον τον θεον σου εξ ολης της καρδιας σου και εξ ολης της ψυχης εν ολη τη ψυχη σου και εξ ολης της ισχυος εν ολη τη ισχυι σου και εξ ολης της διανοιας εν ολη τη διανοια σου και τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον

For completeness, here are verses written by Paul with "heart" and "soul" in the same verse.

Acts 4:32

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KJV: And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of one soul: neither said any of them that ought of the things which he possessed was his own; but they had all things common.

Greek: του δε πληθους των πιστευσαντων ην η καρδια και η ψυχη μια και ουδε εις τι των υπαρχοντων αυτω ελεγεν ιδιον ειναι αλλ ην αυτοις απαντα παντα κοινα

Hebrews 4:12

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KJV: For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.

Greek: ζων γαρ ο λογος του θεου και ενεργης και τομωτερος υπερ πασαν μαχαιραν διστομον και διικνουμενος αχρι μερισμου ψυχης τε και πνευματος αρμων τε και μυελων και κριτικος ενθυμησεων και εννοιων καρδιας