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Turning seven into a week
1. Turning seven into a week
The prime number "
seven" is related among many
PIE (Proto Indo-European) languages and is the basis of the seven day week going back to Genesis. The English word "
week" is related to many other words involving a "
turning" as in one weekly cycle turning into another cycle.
2. Greek
3. Matthew 15:34
KJV: And Jesus saith unto them, How many loaves have ye? And they said, Seven, and a few little fishes.
Greek: και λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους ποσους αρτους εχετε οι δε ειπον ειπαν επτα και ολιγα ιχθυδια
Latin: et ait illis Iesus quot panes habetis at illi dixerunt septem et paucos pisciculos
Wessex: Þa cweð he. hu fele hlafe haebbe ge. Ða cwaeðen hyo. Seofona & feawe fisca.
Wycliffe: And Jhesus seide to hem, Hou many looues han ye? And thei seiden, Seuene, and a fewe smale fisshis.
Luther: Und Jesus sprach zu ihnen: Wieviel Brots habt ihr? Sie sprachen: Sieben und ein wenig Fischlein.
Slavonic: И глагола им Иисус: колико хлебы имате? Они же реша: седмь, и мало рыбиц.
Russian: Говорит им Иисус: сколько у вас хлебов? Они же сказали: семь, и немного рыбок.
Spanish: Y Jesús les dice: ¿Cuántos panes tenéis? Y ellos dijeron: Siete, y unos cuantos pececillos.
4. Strongs
- *G2033 *88 ἑπτά (hep-tah') : a primary number; seven:--seven.
- επτα *88
- Matthew 12:45 ... taketh with himself seven other spirits more wicked ...
- Matthew 15:34 ... have ye? And they said, Seven, and a few little fishes.
- Matthew 15:36 And he took the seven loaves and the fishes, ...
- Matthew 15:37 ... they took up of the broken meat that was left seven baskets full.
- Matthew 16:10 Neither the seven loaves of the four thousand, and ...
- Matthew 18:22 ... but, Until seventy times seven.
- Matthew 22:25 Now there were with us seven brethren: and the first, ...
- Matthew 22:26 ... and the third, unto the seventh.
- Matthew 22:28 ... whose wife shall she be of the seven? for they all ...
- Mark 8:5 ... have ye? And they said, Seven.
- Mark 8:6 ... the ground: and he took the seven loaves, and gave thanks, and brake, ...
- Mark 8:8 ... they took up of the broken meat that was left seven baskets.
- Mark 8:20 And when the seven among four thousand, how many baskets full of fragments took ye up? And they said, Seven.
- Mark 12:20 Now there were seven brethren: and the first took ...
- Mark 12:22 And the seven had her, and left ...
- Mark 12:23 ... shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.
- Mark 16:9 ... out of whom he had cast seven devils.
- Luke 2:36 ... and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;
- Luke 8:2 ... out of whom went seven devils,
- Luke 11:26 Then goeth he, and taketh to him seven other spirits more wicked ...
- Luke 20:29 There were therefore seven brethren: and the first ...
- Luke 20:31 ... her; and in like manner the seven also: and they left no ...
- Luke 20:33 ... of them is she? for seven had her to wife.
- Acts 6:3 Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven men of honest report, ...
- Acts 13:19 And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land ...
- Acts 19:14 And there were seven sons of one Sceva, ...
- Acts 20:6 ... days; where we abode seven days.
- Acts 21:4 ... there seven days: who said to Paul through ...
- Acts 21:8 ... the evangelist, which was one of the seven; and abode with him.
- Acts 21:27 And when the seven days were almost ended, ...
- Acts 28:14 ... to tarry with them seven days: and so ...
- Hebrews 11:30 ... fell down, after they were compassed about seven days.
- Revelation 1:4 John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which ...
- Revelation 1:11 ... and send it unto the seven churches which are in ...
- Revelation 1:12 ... And being turned, I saw seven golden candlesticks;
- Revelation 1:16 ... in his right hand seven stars: and out ...
- Revelation 1:20 The mystery of the seven stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven golden candlesticks. ...
- Revelation 2:1 ... he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks;
- Revelation 3:1 ... he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know ...
- Revelation 4:5 ... voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.
- Revelation 5:1 ... and on the backside, sealed with seven seals.
- Revelation 5:5 ... the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.
- Revelation 5:6 ... it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which ...
- Revelation 6:1 And I saw when the Lamb opened one ...
- Revelation 8:2 And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them were given seven trumpets.
- Revelation 8:6 And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared ...
- Revelation 10:3 ... and when he had cried, seven thunders uttered their voices.
- Revelation 10:4 And when the seven thunders had uttered their voices, I was about to write: and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Seal up those things which the seven thunders uttered, ...
- Revelation 11:13 ... the earthquake were slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant ...
- Revelation 12:3 ... dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon ...
- Revelation 13:1 ... out of the sea, having seven heads and ten ...
- Revelation 15:1 ... and marvellous, seven angels having the seven last plagues; ...
- Revelation 15:6 And the seven angels came out of the temple, having the seven plagues, clothed in ...
- Revelation 15:7 ... beasts gave unto the seven angels seven golden vials ...
- Revelation 15:8 ... the temple, till the seven plagues of the seven angels were fulfilled.
- Revelation 16:1 ... out of the temple saying to the seven angels, Go your ways, and ...
- Revelation 17:1 ... one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and ...
- Revelation 17:3 ... of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
- Revelation 17:7 ... her, which hath the seven heads and ten horns.
- Revelation 17:9 ... which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on ...
- Revelation 17:10 And there are seven kings: five are fallen, ...
- Revelation 17:11 ... and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.
- Revelation 21:9 ... me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full ...
5. Latin
6. Related sevens
7. Diagram
8. Other forms of seven
The Roman numerals for seven are VII.
The Arabic numeral for seven is 7.
The binary representation of seven is 111.
9. Hebrew
The Hebrew word
"שבוצ" (shee-ba) ≈ "seven" is synonymous with "
week".
Lev 23:15
Deut 16:9
Dan 9:26
Dan 10:2
From where did the seven day week originate?
The Biblical answer is as follows.
10. Genesis 2:2
KJV: And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
Hebrew: ויכל אלהים ביום השביעי מלאכתו אשר עשה וישבת ביום השביעי מכל מלאכתו אשר עשה׃
Greek: και συνετελεσεν ο θεος εν τη ημερα τη εκτη τα εργα αυτου α εποιησεν και κατεπαυσεν τη ημερα τη εβδομη απο παντων των εργων αυτου ων εποιησεν
Latin: conplevitque Deus die septimo opus suum quod fecerat et requievit die septimo ab universo opere quod patrarat
Wycliffe: And God fillide in the seuenthe dai his werk which he made; and he restide in the seuenthe dai fro al his werk which he hadde maad;
Luther: Und also vollendete Gott am siebenten Tage seine Werke, die er machte, und ruhete am siebenten Tage von allen seinen Werken, die er machte;
Spanish: Y acabó Dios en el día séptimo su obra que hizo, y reposó el día séptimo de toda su obra que había hecho.
11. Strongs
- *H7637 שְׁבִיעִי שֶׁבִעִי (sheb-ee-ee') : or shbi iy {sheb-ee-ee'}; ordinal from H7657; seventh:--seventh (time).
12. Perfection
The number seven is known in Bible terms as being a number of completeness or perfection.
The English word "perfect" often means without blemish or defect, although the "perfect" tense in linguistics is a tense that shows completion of something (e.g., in time).
The meaning sense in the Bible is that of completeness and not necessarily without error or defect.
13. Group of seven
14. Genesis 2:3
KJV: And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
Hebrew: ויברך אלהים את יום השביעי ויקדש אתו כי בו שבת מכל מלאכתו אשר ברא אלהים לעשות׃
Greek: και ηυλογησεν ο θεος την ημεραν την εβδομην και ηγιασεν αυτην οτι εν αυτη κατεπαυσεν απο παντων των εργων αυτου ων ηρξατο ο θεος ποιησαι
Latin: et benedixit diei septimo et sanctificavit illum quia in ipso cessaverat ab omni opere suo quod creavit Deus ut faceret
Wycliffe: and he blesside the seuenthe dai, and halewide it; for in that dai God ceesside of al his werk which he made of nouyt, that he schulde make.
Luther: und segnete den siebenten Tag und heiligte ihn, darum daß er an demselben geruht hatte von allen seinen Werken, die Gott schuf und machte.
Russian: И благословил Бог седьмой день, и освятил его, ибо в оный почил от всех дел Своих, которые Бог творил и созидал.
Spanish: Y bendijo Dios al día séptimo, y lo santificó, porque enél reposó de toda su obra que Dios había creado y hecho.
15. A day
The Hebrew word
"יום" (yo-wm) ≈ "day".
Note: The end of the verse "
God created and made" in Hebrew forms the basis for their word for "
truth" as a reality (a future topic).
Note that applying our present day concept of both "
day" and "
time" to the seven "
days" of Creation relies on many assumptions that may or may not be valid and may not be relevant to any theological considerations.
The only important theological consideration appears to be that Adam and Eve were the first (and only) humans created and that they sinned before any children were produced.
As for the apparent age of the universe in terms of "
days", most disagreements are between the approximately
6,000 year literal Biblical view and the contemporary evolutionary science view of about
15 billion, or
15,000,000,000 years.
From a (coded) information viewpoint, it does not matter how many years are involved. The (coded) information required could not arise (evolve) by chance so there is no need to jerry-rig Biblical arguments in order to support an arbitrary contemporary evolutionary science view that itself would not do what is required.
Back to the counting of the days and the week.
16. Counting days
So the first day of the week is Sunday and the seventh day of the week is Saturday, accounting for the Jewish tradition that the day starts the evening before (as did Germanic days). Thus, Christmas Eve is the Christmas Evening or evening before. Same for All Hallowed Evening or Halloween.
The Germanic origin of days originating with the night is preserved in the English word "fortnight" as "fourteen night".
17. The English week
18. Gothic
The English word "
week" is related to the Gothic word
"wikon" ≈ "change" and involved a "
turn" for (pagan) temple service.
This Gothic word is found in Luke 1:8 used to translate the modern Greek word
"τάξει" (TA-ksee) ≈ "order" and from which we get the English word "
taxonomy". The sense of "
order" here is the change in order.
19. Luke 1:8
KJV: And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his course,
Greek: εγενετο δε εν τω ιερατευειν αυτον εν τη ταξει της εφημεριας αυτου εναντι του θεου
Latin: factum est autem cum sacerdotio fungeretur in ordine vicis suae ante Deum
Wessex: Soðlice waes ge-worðen þa zacharias hys sacerd-hades brea. on his ge-wrixles endebyrdnysse be-fore gode.
Wycliffe: And it bifel, that whanne Zacarie schulde do the office of preesthod, in the ordre of his cours tofor God,
Gothic: warth than, miththanei gudjinoda is in wikon kunjis seinis in andwairthja gudis,
Luther: Und es begab sich, da er Priesteramts pflegete vor Gott zur Zeit seiner Ordnung
20. Vice versa and the universe
21. Luke 18:12
KJV: I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess.
Greek: νηστευω δις του σαββατου αποδεκατω αποδεκατευω παντα οσα κτωμαι
Latin: ieiuno bis in sabbato decimas do omnium quae possideo
Wessex: Ic faeste twige on wuca. ic gife teondunge ealles þas þe ich haebbe.
Wycliffe: Y faste twies in the woke, Y yyue tithis of alle thingis that Y haue in possessioun.
Tyndale: I fast twyse in ye weke. I geve tythe of all that I possesse.
Geneva: I fast twise in the weeke: I giue tithe of all that euer I possesse.
Gothic: fasta twaim sintham sabbataus jah afdailja taihundon dail allis thize gastalda.
Luther: Ich faste zweimal in der Woche und gebe den Zehnten von allem, was ich habe.
Russian: пощусь два раза в неделю, даю десятую часть из всего, что приобретаю.
The German word
"Woche" ≈ "week".
Wycliffe appears to have used the word "
woke" long before the English usage in 2021.
22. Greek digamma
In ancient times, Greek had a letter "
Ϝ" called digamma that disappeared and that had the sound of an English "
v" or "
w".
Ϝ ϝ Ϛ ς
The Greek digamma corresponds to the English "
F" and had an "
f" or "
v" or "
w". As it was not needed for sound value, it disappeared except for it's numeric value of six (
6).
23. Give way
24. Galatians 2:5
KJV: To whom we gave place by subjection, no, not for an hour; that the truth of the gospel might continue with you.
Greek: οις ουδε προς ωραν ειξαμεν τη υποταγη ινα η αληθεια του ευαγγελιου διαμεινη προς υμας
25. Sanskrit
26. Diagram
The
GNT (Greek New Testament), Latin Vulgate, Gothic and Old Church Slavonic retain the "
Sabbath" as the "
week".
The Russian word
"неделя" (ne-del-ya) ≈ "week" originates in the Old East Slavic word for Sunday that literally means "
not working" or "
day of rest". Since the word now means "
week", there are Russian joke about "
not working" during the week.
27. Sunday
28. Questions
A non-Biblical inclination would be to make another day, say Monday, the first day of the week and Sunday the last day of the week.
Interesting question: (future topic, if I can find information on it)
What civilizations did not use a seven day week?
The (atheistic) French Revolution attempt attempted to use a 10 day week and it did not work well. This was done from 1793 until 1802 and for a few weeks in 1871.
See Wikipedia for more on other calendars.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Week (as of 2021-02-17).
29. Rest day
30. Luke 4:31
KJV: And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days.
Greek: και κατηλθεν εις καπερναουμ καφαρναουμ πολιν της γαλιλαιας και ην διδασκων αυτους εν τοις σαββασιν
Latin: et descendit in Capharnaum civitatem Galilaeae ibique docebat illos sabbatis
Wessex: And he ferde to kapharnaum on galileisce ceastre. & he þaer on raeste-daigen laerde.
Wycliffe: a citee of Galilee, and there he tauyte hem in sabotis.
Tyndale: and came in to Capernaum a cyte of Galile and there taught the on the Saboth dayes.
Gothic: jah galaith in kafarnaum, baurg galeilaias jah was laisjands ins in sabbatim.
Slavonic: И сниде в Капернаум град Галилейский: и бе учя их в субботы.
Russian: И пришел в Капернаум, город Галилейский, и учил их в дни субботние.
Spanish: Y descendió a Capernaúm, ciudad de Galilea; y les enseñaba en los sábados.
31. Oaths and vows and wells
John 4:11 The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou that living water? [kjv]
λεγει αυτω κυριε ουτε αντλημα εχεις και το φρεαρ εστιν βαθυ ποθεν ουν εχεις το υδωρ το ζων [gnt]
In John 4, Jesus talks to the woman at the
"well" at Ber-Sheba. The history and name of that well is related to
"oaths" "vows", and the number "
seven".
The ancient Greek word
"φρέαρ" ≈ "artificial well, tank, cistern". It is cognate with the Latin word
"ferveo" ≈ "be hot, burn, boil" and the English words
"burn" and
"brew".
The Greek word for
"oath" is related to the Greek word for
"shoulder".
32. Sabbaths and High Sabbaths: Crucifixion week
John 19:31 The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day, ) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. [kjv]
οι ουν ιουδαιοι επει παρασκευη ην ινα μη μεινη επι του σταυρου τα σωματα εν τω σαββατω ην γαρ μεγαλη η ημερα εκεινου του σαββατου ηρωτησαν τον πιλατον ινα κατεαγωσιν αυτων τα σκελη και αρθωσιν [gnt]
The crucifixion week is an important part of Christian history. In Jewish tradition, each day starts the evening before and ends at the start of the next evening.
The "
Day of Preparation" is the day before the Sabbath or High Sabbath. The Sabbath and the High Sabbath can be on the same day with a 1/7 probability and on a different day with a 6/7 probability.
There appear to be some mistranslations of the
GNT in order to fit the Christian tradition of a Friday crucification at the expense of not having three days and three nights in the "
belly of the earth" and rise "
after the third day". There are many talking points to explain away the obvious contradictions.in the translations of the Greek texts.
33. Benjamin Franklin and sleep
True or false: Benjamin Franklin one went to bed one evening and woke up 12 days later.
In the British Colonies in America, the 11 days from September 3 to September 13, 1752, were skipped in order to move from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. So, according to the calendar, Benjamin Franklin slept for 12 days. In reality, it was just the arbitrary calendar that changed.
34. The number seventy and the Septuagint
By tradition, the
LXX (Septuagint) was created by seventy (Roman numeral
LXX is the Arabic number
70) translators.
The name comes from the Latin word
"septuaginta" ≈ "seventy" with "
interpreters" implied, where the Latin word
"septum" ≈ "seven" and the Latin word
"ginta" ≈ "times ten".
Jesus, Paul, etc., used the Greek
LXX so the
LXX should not be discounted.
Whenever the
LXX is different than the
HOT (Hebrew Old Testament) one should look carefully as the
HOT was modified to make it more consistent, etc., in the centuries after the time of Jesus. It appears that some words in the
HOT were modified. This appears to include what might have been critical of the religious elite.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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