Thou shalt not murder

Exodus 20:13 Thou shalt not kill. [kjv]

לא … [he]

ου φονευσεις [lxx]

One of the 10 commandments has to do with killing or murder. The Hebrew appears to be against unlawful killing resulting in a blood guilt.

The Hebrew word "לא תרצח" (lo tirt-zach) ≈ "murder, blood guilt" allows killing in certain circumstances such as war, capital punishment, self-defense, etc.

Exodus 20:13

All

KJV: Thou shalt not kill.

Hebrew: לא תרצח׃

Greek: ου φονευσεις

Latin: non occides

Wycliffe: Thou schalt not sle.

Luther: Du sollst nicht töten.

Is the commandment "reflexive"? That is, what happens when the infraction by and individual is against the individual self? The English word for this is "suicide".

The Latin word "cuus" ≈ "one's own".
The Latin word "cidium" ≈ "killing".

In the story of Jonah, Jonah does not throw himself overboard, though he might consider it. Instead, he lets others do that for him.

Matthew 19:18 He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, [kjv]

λεγει αυτω ποιας ο δε ιησους εφη το ου φονευσεις ου μοιχευσεις ου κλεψεις ου ψευδομαρτυρησεις [gnt]

It is more difficult to see how the prohibition of stealing could be applied reflexively. How could one steal from oneself?

Matthew 19:18

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KJV: He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness,

Greek: λεγει αυτω ποιας ο δε ιησους ειπεν εφη το ου φονευσεις ου μοιχευσεις ου κλεψεις ου ψευδομαρτυρησεις

Latin: dicit illi quae Iesus autem dixit non homicidium facies non adulterabis non facies furtum non falsum testimonium dices

Wessex: Þa cwaeð he hwilce. Þa cwaeð se haelend. ne do þu man-slyht. ne do þu unriht-hameð. ne stell þu. ne saege þu lease gewytnesse.

Wycliffe: He seith to hym, Whiche? And Jhesus seide, Thou schalt not do mansleying, thou schalt not do auowtrie, thou schalt not do thefte, thou schalt not seie fals witnessying;

Luther: Da sprach er zu ihm: Welche? Jesus aber sprach: Du sollst nicht töten; du sollst nicht ehebrechen; du sollst nicht stehlen; du sollst nicht falsch Zeugnis geben;

The Latin word "homicidium" ≈ "murder" from which we get the English word "homicide".

The Old English word "manslyht" ≈ "murder" which led to the Middle English word "mansleying" ≈ "murder" which led to the English (legal) word "manslaughter".