Apple of the eye

Psalms 17:8 Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings, [kjv]

φυλαξον με ως κοραν οφθαλμου εν σκεπη των πτερυγων σου σκεπασεις με [lxx]

The "eye" is a "chamber" into which "light" enters and is recognized by the "brain" as something - such as an object. The eye is a "sensor", in contrast to a "transducer".

In Greek, the word for "eye" is, literally, an "opening" into a "chamber" (heart, brain, etc.) and is the source of the English word "ophthalmologist".

The ancient Greek word "ὀφθαλμός" ≈ "eye" and appears to come from two Greek words.

"ὀπή" ≈ "opening, hole, hollow" and is from the same root as the ancient Greek word "ὄμμα" ≈ "eye" often in a poetic sense.
"θάλαμος" ≈ "chamber, room".

More: Song: Open my eyes that I may see

Each language needs its own eye chart. What if you memorize the standard chart?

Psalms 17:8 Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings, [kjv]

φυλαξον με ως κοραν οφθαλμου εν σκεπη των πτερυγων σου σκεπασεις με [lxx]

Our visual senses start with how light comes into the eye. In Bible times, the "pupil" was known as the "apple of the eye".
The Hebrew for "apple of the eye" means a little man/girl as reflected in the pupil of the eye. Eye is "עַיִן". Girl is "בת".

Psalms 17:8

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KJV: Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings,

Hebrew: שמרני כאישון בת עין בצל כנפיך תסתירני׃

Greek: φυλαξον με ως κοραν οφθαλμου εν σκεπη των πτερυγων σου σκεπασεις με

"οφθαλμός" (o-fthal-MOS) ≈ "eye", root of English "ophthalmology".
"οπή" (o-PEE) ≈ "hole, aperture", from PIE to German "offen", English "open"
"θάλαμος" (THA-la-mos) ≈ "chamber", to English "thalamus".
"μάτι" (MA-tee) ≈ "eye".

Hebrews 11:38 (Of whom the world was not worthy: ) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth. [kjv]

ων ουκ ην αξιος ο κοσμος επι ερημιαις πλανωμενοι και ορεσιν και σπηλαιοις και ταις οπαις της γης [gnt]

The KJV (King James Version) uses "dens and caves" while the Greek says "caves and holes".

Hebrews 11:38

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KJV: (Of whom the world was not worthy: ) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth.

Greek: ων ουκ ην αξιος ο κοσμος εν επι ερημιαις πλανωμενοι και ορεσιν και σπηλαιοις και ταις οπαις της γης

Latin: quibus dignus non erat mundus in solitudinibus errantes et montibus et speluncis et in cavernis terrae

Wycliffe: to whiche the world was not worthi. Thei erriden in wildernessis, in mounteynes and dennes, and caues of the erthe.

Luther: (deren die Welt nicht wert war) und sind im Elend gegangen in den Wüsten, auf den Bergen und in den Klüften und Löchern der Erde.

Spanish: de los cuales el mundo no era digno; errantes por los desiertos, por los montes, por las cuevas y por las cavernas de la tierra.

Portuguese: homens de quem o mundo não era digno, andaram vagueando pelos desertos, pelos montes, pelas grutas e pelas cavidades da terra.

*G3692 *2 ὀπή (op-ay') : probably from G3700; a hole (as if for light), i.e. cavern; by analogy, a spring (of water):--cave, place.

Usage

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οπαις

Hebrews 11:38 ... and in dens and caves of the earth.

οπης

James 3:11 ... send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter?

James 3:11 Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter? [kjv]

μητι η πηγη εκ της αυτης οπης βρυει το γλυκυ και το πικρον [gnt]

James 3:11

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KJV: Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter?

Greek: μητι η πηγη εκ της αυτης οπης βρυει το γλυκυ και το πικρον

Matthew 7:3 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye? [kjv]

τι δε βλεπεις το καρφος το εν τω οφθαλμω του αδελφου σου την δε εν τω σω οφθαλμω δοκον ου κατανοεις [gnt]

7:4 Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye? [kjv]

η πως ερεις τω αδελφω σου αφες εκβαλω το καρφος εκ του οφθαλμου σου και ιδου η δοκος εν τω οφθαλμω σου [gnt]

7:5 Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye. [kjv]

υποκριτα εκβαλε πρωτον εκ του οφθαλμου σου την δοκον και τοτε διαβλεψεις εκβαλειν το καρφος εκ του οφθαλμου του αδελφου σου [gnt]

More: Matthew 7:3-5 Beams and motes: the devil is in the details

Matthew 7:3

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KJV: And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye?

Greek: τι δε βλεπεις το καρφος το εν τω οφθαλμω του αδελφου σου την δε εν τω σω οφθαλμω δοκον ου κατανοεις

Matthew 7:4

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KJV: Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye?

Greek: η πως ερεις τω αδελφω σου αφες εκβαλω το καρφος απο εκ του οφθαλμου σου και ιδου η δοκος εν τω οφθαλμω σου

Matthew 7:5

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KJV: Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye.

Greek: υποκριτα εκβαλε πρωτον την δοκον εκ του οφθαλμου σου την δοκον και τοτε διαβλεψεις εκβαλειν το καρφος εκ του οφθαλμου του αδελφου σου

*H380 אִישׁוֹן (ee-shone') : diminutive from H376; the little man of the eye; the pupil or ball; hence, the middle (of night):--apple (of the eye), black, obscure.

*H5869 עַיִן (ah'-yin) : probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, + think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, + displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble, knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please, presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, + think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).

Proverbs 7:2 Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye. [kjv]

φυλαξον εμας εντολας και βιωσεις τους δε εμους λογους ωσπερ κορας ομματων [lxx]

Proverbs 7:2

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KJV: Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye.

Hebrew: שמר מצותי וחיה ותורתי כאישון עיניך׃

Greek: φυλαξον εμας εντολας και βιωσεις τους δε εμους λογους ωσπερ κορας ομματων

Deuteronomy 32:10 He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eye. [kjv]

αυταρκησεν αυτον εν γη ερημω εν διψει καυματος εν ανυδρω εκυκλωσεν αυτον και επαιδευσεν αυτον και διεφυλαξεν αυτον ως κοραν οφθαλμου [lxx]

Deuteronomy 32:10

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KJV: He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eye.

Hebrew: ימצאהו בארץ מדבר ובתהו ילל ישמן יסבבנהו יבוננהו יצרנהו כאישון עינו׃

Greek: αυταρκησεν αυτον εν γη ερημω εν διψει καυματος εν ανυδρω εκυκλωσεν αυτον και επαιδευσεν αυτον και διεφυλαξεν αυτον ως κοραν οφθαλμου

Zechariah 2:8 For thus saith the LORD of hosts; After the glory hath he sent me unto the nations which spoiled you: for he that toucheth you toucheth the apple of his eye. [kjv]

διοτι ταδε λεγει κυριος παντοκρατωρ οπισω δοξης απεσταλκεν με επι τα εθνη τα σκυλευσαντα υμας διοτι ο απτομενος υμων ως απτομενος της κορης του οφθαλμου αυτου [lxx]

What happens when you touch your eye?

Zechariah 2:8

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KJV: For thus saith the LORD of hosts; After the glory hath he sent me unto the nations which spoiled you: for he that toucheth you toucheth the apple of his eye.

Hebrew: כי כה אמר יהוה צבאות אחר כבוד שלחני אל הגוים השללים אתכם כי הנגע בכם נגע בבבת עינו׃

Greek: διοτι ταδε λεγει κυριος παντοκρατωρ οπισω δοξης απεσταλκεν με επι τα εθνη τα σκυλευσαντα υμας διοτι ο απτομενος υμων ως απτομενος της κορης του οφθαλμου αυτου

John 9:25 He answered and said, Whether he be a sinner or no, I know not: one thing I know, that, whereas I was blind, now I see. [kjv]

απεκριθη ουν εκεινος ει αμαρτωλος εστιν ουκ οιδα εν οιδα οτι τυφλος ων αρτι βλεπω [gnt]

John 9:25

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KJV: He answered and said, Whether he be a sinner or no, I know not: one thing I know, that, whereas I was blind, now I see.

Greek: απεκριθη ουν εκεινος και ειπεν ει αμαρτωλος εστιν ουκ οιδα εν οιδα οτι τυφλος ων αρτι βλεπω

Psalms 119:18 Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law. [kjv]

… עיני … [he]

αποκαλυψον τους οφθαλμους μου και κατανοησω τα θαυμασια σου εκ του νομου σου [lxx]

The hymn "Open my eyes that I may see" was based on Psalms 119:18. Additional verses cover the "ears", "mouth" and "mind".
It was written in 1895 by Clara Scott (American composer) . Growing up on a farm in the mid-west, the family moved to Chicago. She was the first woman to publish a volume of anthems. In 1897, returning from a funeral with some friends, she was thrown from her carriage and died instantly from the accident at age 55.

[hymn 486]

More: Song: Open my eyes that I may see