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Running back again with the palindromes
1. Streets: Flowing after a path into a plaza
The Greek language had few words for what today is called a "
street". The
KJV (King James Version) translates as "
street" words that often had other meanings.
Way: To follow "after" a "path" was a "method" and the source of the English word "method".
Traffic: A thoroughfare where there was movement and hustle and bustle and "flow" of traffic was one type of "street".
Place: A large "plaza" or open area, some with "corners", is often translated as "street".
One might need to find a "
path" through the "
flow" of "
traffic" through a "
plaza".
Here, some words related to street are covered.
2. Running back again with the palindromes
The English word
"palindrome" is a word whose letters are the same forward and backwards. Sometimes phrases are used where the blanks and other punctuation are ignored.
The English word "
palindrome" comes from the ancient Greek word
"παλίνδρομος" ≈ "running back again" and comes from two ancient Greek words.
"πάλιν" ≈ "again" and "δρόμος" ≈ "race course".
The word "
palindrome" was coined in 1638 by English poet and writer Henry Peacham. The idea appeared much earlier in history. Palindromes are found in the
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) code.
The English word "recursion" means, literally "running again".
"Cursive" text is text that "runs" or "flows".
3. Running
The only running in Philippians is in 2:16.
Philippians 2:16 Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain. [kjv]
λογον ζωης επεχοντες εις καυχημα εμοι εις ημεραν χριστου οτι ουκ εις κενον εδραμον ουδε εις κενον εκοπιασα [gnt]
In ancient times, the Corinth games were second only to the Olympic games. Paul uses the running a race analogy.
1 Corinthians 9:24 Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize? So run, that ye may obtain. [kjv]
ουκ οιδατε οτι οι εν σταδιω τρεχοντες παντες μεν τρεχουσιν εις δε λαμβανει το βραβειον ουτως τρεχετε ινα καταλαβητε [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"τρέχω" ≈ "run" as in a race and the English word
"trek" and as the name of the bicycle company
"Trek" or the "
trek" in "
Star Trek". This word is related to
"δρόμος" ≈ "run" and is part of the English words
"palindrome",
"syndrome" and
"dromedary" as in a "
camel".
4. Acts and Timothy
5. Acts 13:25
KJV: And as John fulfilled his course, he said, Whom think ye that I am? I am not he. But, behold, there cometh one after me, whose shoes of his feet I am not worthy to loose.
Greek: ως δε επληρου ο ιωαννης τον δρομον ελεγεν τινα με τι εμε υπονοειτε ειναι ουκ ειμι εγω αλλ ιδου ερχεται μετ εμε ου ουκ ειμι αξιος το υποδημα των ποδων λυσαι
Latin: cum impleret autem Iohannes cursum suum dicebat quem me arbitramini esse non sum ego sed ecce venit post me cuius non sum dignus calciamenta pedum solvere
6. 2 Timothy 4:7
KJV: I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith:
Greek: τον αγωνα τον καλον αγωνα ηγωνισμαι τον δρομον τετελεκα την πιστιν τετηρηκα
Latin: bonum certamen certavi cursum consummavi fidem servavi
7. Ecclesiastes 9:11
Ecclesiastes 9:11 I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. [kjv]
επεστρεψα και ειδον υπο τον ηλιον οτι ου τοις κουφοις ο δρομος και ου τοις δυνατοις ο πολεμος και γε ου τοις σοφοις αρτος και γε ου τοις συνετοις πλουτος και γε ου τοις γινωσκουσιν χαρις οτι καιρος και απαντημα συναντησεται τοις πασιν αυτοις [lxx]
8. Ecclesiastes 9:11
KJV: I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.
Hebrew: שבתי וראה תחת השמש כי לא לקלים המרוץ ולא לגבורים המלחמה וגם לא לחכמים לחם וגם לא לנבנים עשר וגם לא לידעים חן כי עת ופגע יקרה את כלם׃
Greek: επεστρεψα και ειδον υπο τον ηλιον οτι ου τοις κουφοις ο δρομος και ου τοις δυνατοις ο πολεμος και γε ου τοις σοφοις αρτος και γε ου τοις συνετοις πλουτος και γε ου τοις γινωσκουσιν χαρις οτι καιρος και απαντημα συναντησεται τοις πασιν αυτοις
9. Greek word for palindrome
10. Single word palindromes
| English word palindromes |
| civic |
madam |
rotator |
| deified |
mom |
tenet |
| eye |
noon |
wow |
| kayak |
racecar |
|
| level |
radar |
|
11. GNT single word palindromes
| GNT word palindromes |
| ἀββᾶ Ἀββᾶ |
ἀνὰ |
ἤθη |
νότον |
| ἀθά |
Ἅννα |
Ἰανναὶ |
Νῦν νυν νῦν |
| αἰτία |
ἄρα ἆρα Ἄρα |
ἰᾶταί ἴαται |
Σάρρας |
| ἅλα |
Γὼγ |
ἱερεῖ |
σὴς σῆς |
| ἀλλά ἀλλὰ ἄλλα Ἀλλὰ |
ἐμέ ἐμὲ |
ἴσασι |
σὸς |
| ἅμα |
ἔχε |
νόμον |
σοφός σοφὸς |
| ἄμωμα |
ἤδη Ἤδη |
νόσον |
|
Note that ancient Greek was all uppercase and did not have diacritical marks - both of which happened later.
Single letters are always palindromes and are omitted.
12. Sentence and phrase palindromes
| Sentence palindromes |
| A man, a plan, a canal ‑ Panama. |
Rise to vote, sir. |
| Able was I ere I saw Elba. |
Step on no pets. |
| Madad, I'm Adam. |
Top spot |
| My gym |
Was it a cat I saw? |
| Never odd or even |
|
13. Matthew 5:46 Rewards
Matthew 5:46 For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? [kjv]
εαν γαρ αγαπησητε τους αγαπωντας υμας τινα μισθον εχετε ουχι και οι τελωναι το αυτο ποιουσιν [gnt]
Do you get "
stressed" thinking about just "
desserts"? How are the words "
stressed" and "
desserts" related?
Does Jesus have a "
Loyalty Rewards Program"? Do you need to apply to get it?
Why do many businesses have a "
Loyalty Rewards Program"? What do they get for giving you a "
discount"?
14. Reversed words
Lewis Carol is known for the "
semiordniap" which is the reverse of "
palindromes". That is, although not palindromes, words that, spelled backwards, make other words.
|
|
| Some words that can be reversed |
| desserts |
stressed |
| drawer |
reward |
| live |
evil |
| flow |
wolf |
| maps |
spam |
| pets |
step |
| trap |
part |
|
15. Greek reversed words
| GNT words that can be reversed |
| ἅλας |
Σαλὰ |
| Ἀμώς Ἀμὼς |
σῶμά σῶμα |
| ἀρῶ |
ὥρα ὥρᾳ |
| ἃς |
σά σὰ |
| Ἀσήρ Ἀσὴρ |
Ῥησὰ |
| Δύο δύο |
οὐδ |
| ἔτη |
ἦτε |
| ἣν ἥν ἦν Ἦν |
νὴ |
| ἦς ἧς ᾖς |
σῇ |
| ἰὸς |
σοί σοι σοὶ |
| ῥητῶς |
σωτὴρ |
| Σὺ συ σύ σὺ |
ὗς |
| σῷ |
ως ὡς ὥς Ὡς |
16. Greek reversed words
17. Ancient Greek palindrome
An ancient Greek palindrome, from the 4th century, is the following. Ancient Greek was all uppercase and did not have spaces.
Greek: ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ
Greek: νιψον ανομηματα μη μοναν οψιν
English: Wash your sins, not only your face.
The most famous place for this acronym is in the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople which features two peacocks. The work is attributed to
Gregory of Nazianzus (329-390) also called Gregory the Theologian. More precisely, the "
Trinitarian Theologian".
18. Ancient Greek mirror ambigram
 |
The original palindrome in the Hagia Sophia is also a "mirror ambigram" (try reflecting on that) in that the uppercase letters in Greek are symmetrical (vertical axis), except "N" which is reversed on the right half.
|
19. Recursion
20. On the road again
A song with the idea of "
recursion" in the literal meaning is the Willie Nelson song "
On the road again" from August 1980.
21. Recursive flashback
The modern Greek word
"αναδρομή" (a-na-thro-MEE) ≈ "recursion, flashback".
Josephus uses this word in the original sense.
Greek: τὴν δὲ πρὸστοὺς σφετέρους ἀναδρομὴν πλήθει τῶν ἐν μέσῳ πολεμίων ἀμήχανονἑώρα καὶ τραπέντας τοὺς ἀνὰ τὴν λεωφόρον, ὧν οἱ πολλοὶ μηδὲγινώσκοντες τὸν τοῦ βασιλέως κίνδυνον, ἀλλ᾿ οἰόμενοι συναναστραφῆναι κἀκεῖνον ἀνέφευγον.
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
|
22. Bowls and hippodromes
|
|
|
|
|
Hippodrome at
Constantinople
|
Yale Bowl
|
Rose Bowl
|
Los Angeles
Coliseum
|
|
Ancient Greece and Rome horse (chariot) racing was a popular sport done in the "
hippodrome" from the words for "
horse" and "
running".
The Yale Bowl was named for the bowl shape of the arena.
The Rose Bowl name came from the Yale Bowl.
The college bowl games came from the name of the Rose Bowl.
The Super Bowl name came from the idea of the college bowl games.
23. Dromedary
24. Aerodrome
25. Andromeda
The connection of "
Andromeda" with "
dromos" appears to be accidental.
The English word
"Andromeda" is from the Latin word
"Andromeda" ≈ "Andromeda" which is from the modern Greek word
"Ανδρομέδα" (An-thro-MEH-tha) ≈ "ruler of men" who, in Greek mythology, was the daughter of the Ethiopian King Cepheus and Cassiopeia.
The ancient Greek word "ἀνήρ" ≈ "man".
The ancient Greek word "μέδω" ≈ "rule over".
The modern meaning is that of the constellation Andromeda as a chained woman surrounded by Cassiopeia, Perseus and Pegasus. It is also the name of the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way located in the constellation Andromeda.
26. Syndrome
The English word
"syndrome" comes from the ancient Greek word
"συνδρομή" ≈ "concurrence of symptoms, concourse" and means, literally, "
running with", coming from two Greek words.
"συν" ≈ "with" as in English words starting with "syn-" or "sym-".
"δρόμος" ≈ "race course".
This Greek word appears once in the
GNT (Greek New Testament).
Acts 21:30 And all the city was moved, and the people ran together: and they took Paul, and drew him out of the temple: and forthwith the doors were shut. [kjv]
εκινηθη τε η πολις ολη και εγενετο συνδρομη του λαου και επιλαβομενοι του παυλου ειλκον αυτον εξω του ιερου και ευθεως εκλεισθησαν αι θυραι [gnt]
… concursio … [v]
27. Acts 21:30
KJV: And all the city was moved, and the people ran together: and they took Paul, and drew him out of the temple: and forthwith the doors were shut.
Greek: εκινηθη τε η πολις ολη και εγενετο συνδρομη του λαου και επιλαβομενοι του παυλου ειλκον αυτον εξω του ιερου και ευθεως εκλεισθησαν αι θυραι
Latin: commotaque est civitas tota et facta est concursio populi et adprehendentes Paulum trahebant eum extra templum et statim clausae sunt ianuae
28. Cow paths
Psalms 119:105 NUN. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. [kjv]
ιδ νουν λυχνος τοις ποσιν μου ο λογος σου και φως ταις τριβοις μου [lxx]
… Lámpara … pies … palabra… lumbrera … camino. [es]
The ancient Greek word
"τριβούς" ≈ "path" which means, literally, "
three cows". It would appear that if three cows could walk through, it was a "
path".
The modern Greek word "τρία" (TREE-a) ≈ "three" and comes from the ancient Greek word "τρία" ≈ "three".
The ancient Greek word "βοῦς" ≈ "cow".
29. May: Milk month
The Old English word
"Þrimilcemonaþ" ≈ "three-milkings month" which was the Anglo-Saxon word for the month of May, as recorded by
Bede (name meaning "
prayer") in his work De Temporibus (On Time, about 703). Bede started dating dates from the birth of Christ and that has continued to this day.
Some milk cow jokes could be uttered here, but that might be utter (udder) disaster.
30. End of page
Acts 13:25 And as John fulfilled his course, he said, Whom think ye that I am? I am not he. But, behold, there cometh one after me, whose shoes of his feet I am not worthy to loose. [kjv]
ως δε επληρου ιωαννης τον δρομον ελεγεν τι εμε υπονοειτε ειναι ουκ ειμι εγω αλλ ιδου ερχεται μετ εμε ου ουκ ειμι αξιος το υποδημα των ποδων λυσαι [gnt]
… cursum … [v]
2 Timothy 4:7 I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith: [kjv]
τον καλον αγωνα ηγωνισμαι τον δρομον τετελεκα την πιστιν τετηρηκα [gnt]
… cursum … [v]
The Latin word "cursus" ≈ "act of running, race, course" and is the source of the English word "course" and "cursor" as something moving such as an icon on a computer screen.
1 Timothy 4:1 Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; [kjv]
το δε πνευμα ρητως λεγει οτι εν υστεροις καιροις αποστησονται τινες της πιστεως προσεχοντες πνευμασιν πλανοις και διδασκαλιαις δαιμονιων [gnt]
το δε πνευμα ρητως λεγει οτι εν υστεροις καιροις αποστησονται τινες της πιστεως προσεχοντες πνευμασιν πλανοις και διδασκαλιαις δαιμονιων [gnt]
4:10 For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach, because we trust in the living God, who is the Saviour of all men, specially of those that believe. [kjv]
εις τουτο γαρ κοπιωμεν και αγωνιζομεθα οτι ηλπικαμεν επι θεω ζωντι ος εστιν σωτηρ παντων ανθρωπων μαλιστα πιστων [gnt]
εις τουτο γαρ κοπιωμεν και αγωνιζομεθα οτι ηλπικαμεν επι θεω ζωντι ος εστιν σωτηρ παντων ανθρωπων μαλιστα πιστων [gnt]
The English word "recursion" means, literally "running again" and comes from the Latin word "recurso" ≈ "running back again, return" from "re" ≈ "back again"and "curro" ≈ "run".
