♗  The white chess bishop character in Unicode is U+2657 or ♗.
 ♝  The black chess bishop character in Unicode is U+265D or ♝.

The modern Greek word "επισκοπής" (eh-pee-sko-PEES) ≈ "bishop".

• The modern Greek word "επί" (eh-PEE) ≈ "on, upon". The English word "epicenter" is the point over the center of an event, such as an earthquake.
• The modern Greek word "σκοπός" (sko-POS) ≈ "purpose, objective, aim, scope" is the word from which the English word "scope" originates.

Note that the "office of" is not actually in the Greek but is inferred as the Bishop being an "overseer" of a group of churches.

The Gothic word "aipiskaupeins" ≈ "bishop" appears to be a transliteration of the Greek, or Latin since the Latin is a transliteration of the Greek.

The ancient Greek word "σκοπός" ≈ "watcher, target" and is the source of the English word "scope".

The Greek word for "scope" can mean "matter" as in "concern" or what one has as an "objective".

• The Greek word here is that of "scope".
• The Latin word here is that of "appetite".

How is the English word "bishop" related to the Greek word? Linguistically, the following are common changes over time (though not predictable beforehand).

• A leading "e", as pronounced in "eh", can disappear.
• A "p" sound can go to an "b" sound.
• A "sk" sound can go to a "sh" sound.
• A "p" sound can stay a "p".
• And ending such as "os" can disappear (endings often change over time).

Thus, over time, the Greek, through Latin and then French turned, for example, from

• "e-pi-sko-pos" to
• "pi-sko-pos" to
• "bi-skop" to
• "bi-shop" to
• "bishop".

Note: This is just an example. It can be difficult to determine the exact sequence. See the following PIE (Proto Indo-European) root.

The PIE root "*spek" ≈ "to observe" is the root of many English words, such as the following.

• aspect, expect, introspect, prospect, respect, suspect
• bishop (through Greek, Latin, and then French)
• skeptic
• scope, telescope
• species (Latin term based on Greek philosophy words)
• spectrum, speculate, spy

The "Episcopal" church is from 1752 as a church that is governed by bishops. The Episcopal Church began as an American replacement of the Anglican Church - the official church of Great Britain from whom the Colonies were succeeding.

Note: The Amish have a similar form of bishops, as does the Methodist Church (e.g., United Methodist).

In his letter to Timothy, Paul writes the following at the beginning of chapter 3.

The KJV (King James Version) uses the term "true saying".

• The first Greek word is "πιστός" (pee-STOS) ≈ "faith".
• The second Greek word is "λόγος" (LO-gos) ≈ "word" (as well as many other related meanings such as "saying" or "that which is said").

Thus the "true saying" might be better expressed as "faithful word". The Wycliffe middle-English translation has "feithful word".

Note: False (or fake) news may be persuasive, but may not be true in reality. One then says that the news is not reliable (or not based in reality).

The Bishops' Bible is an English translation of the Bible which was produced under the authority of the established Church of England in 1568. It was substantially revised in 1572, and the 1602 edition was prescribed as the base text for the King James Bible that was completed in 1611. (Wikipedia)

Thus, the KJV appears to have had the guideline that it was not to change the Bishop's Bible too much and that some of the Bishop's Bible was more from the Latin Vulgate than the Greek texts (if available).

In chapter 1 of the same book, the same Greek words are translated differently in the KJV.

What is the difference between "saying" and a "word" or "words"?

• The modern Greek word "λόγος" (LO-gos) ≈ "word" as in "In the beginning was the word" (John 1:1).
• The modern Greek word "λέγω" (LEH-go) ≈ "gather, say" as in "In the beginning", God spoke the world into existence (different Greek word, but the same idea). The original meaning was that of "put into order", "arrange", "gather", and then "choose", "count", "reckon", and then "say" or "speak".

Both Greek words have the same etymological origins from the PIE root "*leg" ≈ "gather, collect" with, later, a meaning of "to speak" or "to say". Some English words from this root include the following.

• words ending in "logy" such as "geology", "analogy", etc.
• words ending in "logue" such as "analogue", "epilogue"
• collect
• college
• dialect
• eclectic
• lecture
• legion
• logic
• ... and many others ...

The Gothic word "waurd" ≈ "word" is related to The German word "Wort" ≈ "word" and, of course, the English "word".

The modern Greek word "πιστός" (pee-STOS) ≈ "faith" in the sense of being persuaded such that one has a trust in that persuasion.

This Greek word is from the modern Greek word "πείθω" (PEE-tho) ≈ "persuade".

Note: Linguistically the "tho" sound adds an "s" at the beginning to get the "stho" sound.

The Latin word "suadeo" ≈ "persuade, recommend" from the Latin word "persuadere" ≈ "to bring over by talking". A related English word is "persuade". Note that the English word "sway" has Scandinavian origins.

The Latin word "fidelis" ≈ "faithful". Some related English words are "fidelity" (accurate representation), "infidelity" (an inaccurate or misleading representation), and "federal" (is there any faithfulness or trust there?)

The Latin word "verum" ≈ "true". Some related English words are "verily", "verify", etc.

The English word "verily" as "truly" in the Bible is a translation of the modern Greek word "αμήν" (a-MEEN) ≈ "amen" which is a transliteration of the Hebrew word "אמן" ≈ "amen".

In the above verse, the following are used for the modern Greek word "πιστός" (pee-STOS) ≈ "faith" where some languages use the same word for "faithful" and "true".

• The German word "treu" ≈ "faithful, loyal, true".
• The Middle English word "trewe" ≈ "true".
• The Russian word "верен" (ve-rin) ≈ "faithful, true". The word is from the some word in Old Church Slavonic and is related to the German word "Wahr" (var) ≈ "true" and the Latin word "verum" ≈ "true"

The KJV "true saying" appears to be a translation of the Latin "fidelis sermo" where the Latin word "fidelis" ≈ "faithful or true" and the Latin word "sermo" ≈ "saying", from which we get the word "sermon".

Is there a difference between "faithful saying" and "true saying"? If so, what might that difference be?

Revelation 22:6 uses the Greek words for both "faithful" and "true". So what might be the difference.

Some relate the above verse to the following verse.

In the above verse in the KJV, the same English word translated "desire" has two different Greek words.

• The modern Greek word "ορέγεται" (o-REH-y-teh) ≈ "desire" as in "purposeful reaching out for".
• The modern Greek word "επιθυμεί" (eh-pee-thee-MEE) ≈ "desire" as in "emotional or lustful longing for".

This same word in the KJV appears to have originated in the Latin Vulgate, which uses the same word "desiderat" ≈ "desire" in both places and from which the English word "desire" originates.

The word "covet" can mean desiring or reaching out for.


The Greek word for "reaching out" is the basis for the word for "appetite". An appetite can be for something good or a "lust" for something not so good.

The modern Greek word "ορέγεται" (o-REH-y-teh) ≈ "desire" as in "purposeful reaching out for".

To "covet" is to want something. To be "zealous" is to compete with someone for the exact same thing.

More: The coveting of greed

The Geneva Bible uses "lusted". The Latin word "appetitus" ≈ "appetite", as in having an "appetite" for "money".

The act of "reaching out for" or "coveting" can be considered, as in the Latin, a form of "appetite".

In fact, the modern Greek word "όρεξη" (O-reh-ksee) ≈ "appetite" comes from the ancient Greek word "ορέγω" (o-REH-go) ≈ "reach out".

Whenever one is traveling to France, a must-know French phrase is "bon appétit" ≈ "good appetite". This phrase is often heard in English.

In the same manner, when traveling to Greece, a must-know the modern Greek phrase is "καλή όρεξη" (ka-LEE O-reh-ksee) ≈ "good appetite" from the modern Greek word "καλή" (ka-LEE) ≈ "good" and the modern Greek word "όρεξη" (O-reh-ksee) ≈ "appetite".

This is the same word used in the above verse for "lust" or "desire" as in an "appetite".

Of course, when one has little or no appetite, the "a" prefix can be used to negate a word, in English or in Greek.

Thus, the modern Greek word "ανορεξία" (a-no-reh-KSEE-a) ≈ "little or no appetite" or, in English, "anorexia".

The modern Greek word "επιθυμεί" (eh-pee-thee-MEE) ≈ "desire" as in "emotional or lustful longing for".

Here is an example of a "emotional longing for", stated as a noun and a verb.

Here is an example of a "lustful longing for".