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Fundamental constants in the Bible
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. Fundamental constants in the Bible

2. Constant
Different fields of study have different definitions of "constant".
Euler's equation The two fundamental mathematical constants π (pi) and e are related by Euler's formula.



Information sign More: Standing together for systemic constancy

3. Mathematical constant pi
The Greek symbol π, pronounced "pie", is used to refer the ratio of the diameter d of a circle to its circumference c. circle with diameter and circumferenceThe radius r of a circle is half the diameter d, so the following holds. Numbers such as π are transcendental and, like irrational numbers, have no exact representation and can only be approximated.


Information sign More: Mathematical constants and Hebrew pi

4. Exponential constant
Exponential function chart
e(0.0) = e0.0 = 1.0000... e(1.0) = e1.0 = 2.7182... e(2.0) = e2.0 = 7.3890... ...


Math constant e definition
The exponential constant e, Euler's number, discovered by Jacob Bernoulli in 1683, is defined such that the slope (first derivative) of the function e(x) is e(x) (i.e., as a fixed-point). The value of e = e(1.0) = e1.0 is approximately 2.718281828459.

Numbers such as e are transcendental and, like irrational numbers, have no exact representation and can only be approximated.


Information sign More: Mathematical constants and Hebrew pi

5. Euler's identity
The value of the constants π, sometimes written as "pi", and e are two of the fundamental constants in mathematics. These constants appear often in formulas in physics, engineering, etc., and are related by Euler's identity.

Euler's identity
Both π and e are transcendental numbers that are defined by in infinite series of diminishing term values (see below for an example of each).

The term i is the imaginary number as the square root of -1.

The use of imaginary numbers allow these mathematical relationships to be applied to physical phenomena such as electricity and magnetism.

Information sign More: Mathematical constants and Hebrew pi

6. Notation
At times, either mathematical notation or computer notation or both will be used. In computer notation, the asterisk "*" will be used for multiplication and the caret "^" will be used for exponentiation.

7. Equidistant letter codes
An ELS (Equidistant Letter Sequence) is a sequence of letters that are a fixed distance apart and appear to have some meaning. These are sometimes called a "Bible code" or "Torah code".

Finding such codes is a part of a field called gematria.

With the advent of computer analysis, it appears that such codes can be found for almost anything desired, especially in a language such as Hebrew that does not have vowels.

Some have tried to save the idea by using statistical clustering techniques. Personal opinion: Any idea that is difficult to analyze and then explain is not the best idea to use in an argument.
What is being described here is not an ELS.

8. Hebrew and Greek gematria
Hebrew gematria Greek gematria
The English word "gematria" is from the ancient Greek word "γεωμετρία""geometry".
Greek dropped some Hebrew/Phonecian letters (except for numbers) as unneeded or duplicate sounds.

The Hebrew and Greek languages had numerical values for most of their letters. These values are well established. Analyzing and conjecturing about the resulting values of words, phrases, and sentences is a field called gematria.

Information sign More: Hebrew alphabet
Information sign More: Hebrew and Greek gematria

9. Evaluating formulas on a sentence/phrase
For a sentence or phrase, the following formula can be computed after assigning each letter the traditional numerical value associated with that letter.

Ratio of product and sum of letters and words
Obviously, since only additions, multiplications, and divisions are done, the result of evaluating this formula using integer values for letters and words can only result in rational numbers, not irrational or transcendental numbers. Note that this equation is dependent on the letters in each word but not on the word order in the sequence of words.

This independence on word order is similar to that of Bayesian topic modeling that uses a bag of words approach.

10. Example
As a simple English example, consider the phrase A BAD CAB with 3 words and 7 letters.

The number values for each letter are as follows: A=1, B=2, C=3, and D=4. The following values are thus matched up with each letter.

Word letter
values
letter
sum
letter
product
A A=1 1 1
BAD B=2 A=1 D=4 BAD:(2+1+4)=7 BAD(2*1*4)=8
CAB C=3 A=1 B=2 CAB:(3+1+2)=6 CAB:(3*1*2)=6
The ratio for A BAD CAB with 3 words and 7 letters would be determined as follows.

product of letters/words *number of over/under
A:(1=1)*BAD:(2*1*4=8)*CAB:(3*1*2=6) = 1*8*6 = 48 *letters:7 48*7=336
A:(1=1)*BAD:(2+1+4=7)*CAB:(3+1+2=6) = 1*7*6 = 42 *words:3 42*3=126

Ratio of product and sum of letters and words
The final value is then 336/1262.66666...

This result is not very interesting but it does show the method. Obviously, the numerator (top, 336 in the above example) will grow much more quickly than the denominator (bottom, 126 in the above example).

11. Exponential notation
The result 2.66666 can be expressed in exponential notation as follows.
2.66666E0000

which means the following.
2.66666 * 100 = 2.66666 * 1 = 2.66666

If the result were 26.6666 then the exponential notation would be as follows.
26.6666 = 2.6666 * 101 = 2.6666E0001

To see the pattern more easily, here are some additional examples.
2.66666 = 2.66666E0000 = 2.6666 * 100 26.6666 = 2.66666E0001 = 2.6666 * 101 266.666 = 2.66666E0002 = 2.6666 * 102 2666.66 = 2.66666E0003 = 2.6666 * 103 26666.6 = 2.66666E0004 = 2.6666 * 104 266666. = 2.66666E0005 = 2.6666 * 105

In all cases, the significant digits are 266666. It is only the power of 10 that is changing.

12. Challenge
Here is a challenge: Come up with meaningful sentences or phrases whose significant digits are approximations to the transcendental numbers π and/or e.

For 6 significant digits, the goal is as follows. Two sentences that meet this criteria, using the long-established numerical values for letters in the languages used, are now presented along with the spreadsheet models that can be used to perform and thus verify the calculations.

13. Original text
Genesis 1:1 John 1:1
Genesis 1:1
Hebrew Old Testament
John 1:1
Greek New Testament

The images are from e-Sword, http://www.e-sword.net. (as of 2008-04-20)

Ratio of product and sum of letters and words Use the formula to analyze Genesis 1:1 (Hebrew gematria) and John 1:1 (Greek gematria).

14. Current research
In 2023, the results were updated using Bible text from crosswire.org.

In addition to verifying the results, all other verses in the HOT (Hebrew Old Testament) and GNT (Greek New Testament) were checked. These verses were the only verses close to the desired result. Some other fundamental constants and common ratios but no significant results were found.

This research is not yet in a form to publish here.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


15. Genesis 1:1
Verse routeGenesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. [kjv]
Verse routeבראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ׃ [he]

Ratio of product and sum of letters and wordsThis formula using this verse in the original Hebrew computes to the following.
3.14155450783110E+0017

For comparison, the value of π (pi) is approximately the following.
3.14159265358979E+0000

The significant digits (ignoring the exponent) are within 4 parts in 100,000, or -0.0038%.

16. Genesis 1:1
   Genesis 1:1 
 All 
KJV: In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
Hebrew: בראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ׃
Greek: εν αρχη εποιησεν ο θεος τον ουρανον και την γην

17. John 1:1
Verse routeJohn 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. [kjv]
Verse routeεν αρχη ην ο λογος και ο λογος ην προς τον θεον και θεος ην ο λογος [gnt]

Ratio of product and sum of letters and wordsThis formula using this verse in the original Greek computes to the following.
2.71831281219642E+0040

For comparison, the actual value of e is approximately
2.71828182845905E+0000

The significant digits (ignoring the exponent) are within 3 parts in 100,000, or -0.0031%.

18. John 1:1
   John 1:1 
 All 
KJV: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
Greek: εν αρχη ην ο λογος και ο λογος ην προς τον θεον και θεος ην ο λογος

19. Results verification
Here are some results. No other verses are close.

Genesis 1:1 and π: John 1:1 and e: (discovered in 1683) Combined π+e: Are these results significant or are they just a chance happening? That is left for you to decide.

20. Over and under factors
The over and under values consist of integers that can be factored. The result is a rational number. Here are the prime factorizations of each.

English: A BAD CAB
over: 23 under: 31 result: 2.6666666667

Greek: John 1:1
over: 259 39 548 79 131 under: 111 171 293 312 671 711 3733 7191 result: 27183128121964234165317352899020962398208.0000000000

Hebrew: Genesis 1:1
over: 240 36 526 under: 71 112 291 372 431 791 831 4011 result: 314155450783110080.0000000000


21. Pie spreadsheet models
Here are spreadsheet models for each text analyzed.

22. English: A BAD CAB
select text Here is how to verify the calculations using a spreadsheet.


23. Greek: John 1
select text Here is how to verify the calculations using a spreadsheet.


24. Hebrew: Genesis 1
select text Here is how to verify the calculations using a spreadsheet.

The purpose of this page is to get you thinking critically about the subject matter and then decide what you should do about it.

25. Iota subscript
Word usage per chapter Words: ιωτα=1

 ᾳ = α +  ͅ = ᾳ = ᾳ
 ῃ = η +  ͅ = ῃ = ῃ
 ῳ = ω +  ͅ = ῳ = ῳ
αι ᾳ α
ηι ῃ η
ωι ῳ ω

At one time in ancient Greek, the letter "ι" as English "iota", when following the Greek letters "α" (alpha), "η" (eta), and "ω" (omega), had a distinguishable sound.

Eventually, the sound difference disappeared but the iota was still written. Once learned, academics (scribes) never give up the complexity.

Sometimes this iota subscript analogy is used by pastors but this iota subscript did not exist in GNT or LXX (Septuagint) times.

Information sign More: Matthew 5:18 The true reality of jots and tittles

26. Iota subscript
One potentially confusing part of the analysis is that the Greek has a double letter eta with iota subscript "" that acts as if it were a separate iota "ι" or "jot" with an eta "η". This double letter appears in the second word "αρχῇ" meaning "beginning". We get the word "archaic" from this Greek word.

27. Iota subscript
Verse routeMatthew 5:18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. [kjv]
Verse routeαμην γαρ λεγω υμιν εως αν παρελθη ο ουρανος και η γη ιωτα εν η μια κεραια ου μη παρελθη απο του νομου εως αν παντα γενηται [gnt]

Greek: John 1:1 (with iota)
over: 259 39 548 79 131 under: 111 171 293 312 671 711 3733 7191 result: 27183128121964234165317352899020962398208.0000000000

Greek: John 1:1 (without iota)
over: 256 310 547 79 under: 111 293 312 671 711 3733 7091 result: 2703640352349749056076162169243198029824.0000000000

The two values are within 1% of each other. This reference to "iota" by Jesus may have deeper meaning than one might otherwise expect.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


28. Matthew 5:18
   Matthew 5:18 
 All 
KJV: For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
Greek: αμην γαρ λεγω υμιν εως αν παρελθη ο ουρανος και η γη ιωτα εν η μια κεραια ου μη παρελθη απο του νομου εως αν παντα γενηται

29. History
2008: After hearing about the results described on this page, I decided to check the claims out in detail. After confirming the claims, I wanted to make it easy for anyone to verify (or refute) the formula by visual inspection and then copy-paste the formulas into a spreadsheet for verification of the calculations.

2023: This series of pages was originally started in April 2008. The pages were updated in 2012 and eventually became disconnected from the web system until December 2020 when they were updated (but not published) to use the new formatter system and new web system approach (ASP to PHP) with new research using multiple corpus collections using the entire corpus rather than just the two verses (one Hebrew and one Greek). They were eventually updated with more comprehensive analysis. The following is some extra material not needed above.

30. First and the last
One interesting part of this verse is the Hebrew untranslated word "את". Since "א" (aleph) is the first Hebrew letter and "ת" (taw) is the last Hebrew letter, this is similar to the Greek "α" (alpha) and "ω" (omega). In Greek Jesus said he is the alpha and the omega, the first and the last. In Hebrew, the word for God (and Jesus in prophecy) is often associated with the untranslated word consisting of the two letters aleph and taw.

31. Digamma
The digamma "Ϝ" can be written as "Ϛ", called "stigma", which was developed during the Middle Ages and can easily be confused with the ending "sigma" character "ς".

The digamma "Ϝ" is named because it looks like two gammas "Γ" offset somewhat. The Greek digamma "Ϝ" ("v" or "f" sound) is related to the English "F" through Latin which is why the two characters appear similar.

32. End of page

by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640