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Standing together for systemic constancy
1. Standing together for systemic constancy
In case you might think from the title that this content is related to any current political thought in any way, you might be disappointed.
This content is related to the linguistic meaning and origin of words such as "
system", "
constant", etc.
2. Thermodynamics
Here we look at the word "
system" and "
constant" in terms of mathematics, physics, computer science, linguistics and the Bible.
3. Constant
4. Acts 23:11
Acts 23:11 And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome. [kjv]
sequenti autem nocte adsistens ei Dominus ait constans esto sicut enim testificatus es de me Hierusalem sic te oportet et Romae testificari [v]
5. Constantine
The name "Constantine" or "Constance" comes from this Latin word, as in the Roman Emperor Constantine who, in the fourth century A.D., moved the capital of Rome to a new city that was soon called Constantinople, or the "City of Constantine".
6. Acts 23:11
KJV: And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.
Greek: τη δε επιουση νυκτι επιστας αυτω ο κυριος ειπεν θαρσει παυλε ως γαρ διεμαρτυρω τα περι εμου εις ιερουσαλημ ουτως σε δει και εις ρωμην μαρτυρησαι
Latin: sequenti autem nocte adsistens ei Dominus ait constans esto sicut enim testificatus es de me Hierusalem sic te oportet et Romae testificari
Wycliffe: And in the niyt suynge the Lord stood niy to hym, and seide, Be thou stidfast; for as thou hast witnessid of me in Jerusalem, so it bihoueth thee to witnesse also at Rome.
7. Unstable
If one is not constant, or not standing still in a stable way, one is unstable.
8. James 1:8
KJV: A double minded man is unstable in all his ways.
Greek: ανηρ διψυχος ακαταστατος εν πασαις ταις οδοις αυτου
Latin: vir duplex animo inconstans in omnibus viis suis
Wycliffe: A man dowble in soule is vnstable in alle hise weies.
Luther: Ein Zweifler ist unbeständig in allen seinen Wegen.
9. Boldness
Boldness can be considered a form of "
standing together" is in the following verses, as translated by the
KJV (King James Version).
The Greek uses a word for "
presence" as in a bold type of presence.
10. Acts 4:13
KJV: Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were unlearned and ignorant men, they marvelled; and they took knowledge of them, that they had been with Jesus.
Greek: θεωρουντες δε την του πετρου παρρησιαν και ιωαννου και καταλαβομενοι οτι ανθρωποι αγραμματοι εισιν και ιδιωται εθαυμαζον επεγινωσκον τε αυτους οτι συν τω ιησου ησαν
Latin: videntes autem Petri constantiam et Iohannis conperto quod homines essent sine litteris et idiotae admirabantur et cognoscebant eos quoniam cum Iesu fuerant
Wycliffe: And thei siyen the stidfastnesse of Petre and of Joon, for it was foundun that thei weren men vnlettrid, and lewid men, and thei wondriden, and knewen hem that thei weren with Jhesu.
11. Constants
In computer science, a constant is not just something that "does not change" (the answer often given by students and others).
12. Computer science
A constant is a named literal
In computer science, a constant is a named literal.
Since literals do not change while a program is running, neither do constants. Change the literal (outside the running of the program) and the constant changes.
13. Computer science constant
Here is an example in the C programming language with three constants and one variable. In reality, a C constant such as this is a variable with a value that cannot be changed (while the program is running)
Here is the C code [#1]
Here is the output of the C code.
14. Mathematics
What is a constant in mathematics?
15. Mathematical constants and Hebrew pi
In mathematics, a constant is a name for a number that does not change.
The name π (Greek letter) or pi is 3.1415.,., the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle.
The name e is the exponential constant 2.71828..., the number whose function derivative is itself (a fixed point).
... and so on ...
16. Physics
What is a constant in physics?
17. The speed of light and other physical constants
In physics, a constant as a number that is assumed not to change.
speed of light
Planck's constant
... and so on ...
In the 1960's the speed of light was redefined to be based on certain atomic measurements. These measurements are themselves based on the speed of light. Using the speed of light to measure the speed of light constitutes a rubber ruler.
18. Change
For us humans, everything is permanent - until it changes, as we are immortal until we die. Malcolm Muggeridge (British broadcaster)
19. Holding together
What holds the universe together?
20. Colossians 1:17
KJV: And he is before all things, and by him all things consist.
Greek: και αυτος εστιν προ παντων και τα παντα εν αυτω συνεστηκεν
Latin: et ipse est ante omnes et omnia in ipso constant
Luther: Und er ist vor allen; und es bestehet alles in ihm.
How does "
constant" relate to "
system"? We get a hint from the above verse.
The modern Greek word
"συνεστήκεν" (see-neh-STEE-kehn) ≈ "consist" which is, literally, "
together stands" as in a "
system".
Before that, let us look at holding all things together.
Does Jesus really hold all things together, is Paul indicates in the above verse?
21. Zero Point Energy
The Bohr model of the atom, in 1913, refining some previous models, has the electron orbiting the nucleus in quantum levels without losing energy.
22. Atomic orbits
Richard Feynman was one of the top physics personalities of his time, after Albert Einstein and before Steven Hawking.
Shortly after electrons were discovered it was thought that atoms were like little solar systems, made up of a … nucleus and electrons, which went around in “orbits,” much like the planets … around the sun. If you think that’s the way atoms are, then you’re back in 1910. (From his book on
QED).
The orbit model is a nice way to think of and work with atoms, as long as one does not take the model literally.
23. Bohr model
As Feynman points out (in Quantum Electrodynamics), the Bohr model violates the second law of thermodynamics. Bohr's model works well in practice.
Why doesn't the electron lose energy as it orbits the nucleus?
24. Vacuums
In the late middle ages, the Catholic church opposed the idea of a vacuum because that meant that God could not be there.
Sound would not travel in a vacuum and mice could not survive in a vacuum.
An "
absolute" vacuum does not exist. Today, the term bare vacuum is used.
25. Zero point energy
At absolute zero, there is still energy in a vacuum. This energy is known as the
ZPE (Zero Point Energy), which exists even in a physical vacuum.
Zero Point Energy -- vibrational energy that molecules retain even at the absolute zero of temperature. Temperature in physics has been found to be a measure of the intensity of random molecular motion, and it might be expected that, as temperature is reduced to absolute zero, all motion ceases and molecules come to rest. In fact, however, the motion corresponding to Zero Point Energy never vanishes. http://www.zpower.net/zpe.htm (as of 2004-09-19)
26. Casimir force
The Casimir force is named for the physicist Casimir who dissevered the force. Dates of discovery vary between experiments, submission of results, publication of results, etc.
The existence of the zero point electromagnetic energy was discovered in 1958 by the Dutch physicist M. J. Sparnaay. Mr Sparnaay continued the experiments carried out by Hendrick B. G. Casimir in 1948 which showed the existence of a force between two uncharged plates which arose from electromagnetic energy surrounding the plates in a vacuum. http://www.zpower.net/zpe.htm (as of 2004-09-19)
27. Zero point energy
Researcher Harold Puthoff claims that the energy absorbed from the ZIP is what keeps the electron orbiting around the nucleus. That is, the energy the electron would lose is the amount of energy supplied by the
ZPE - otherwise the universe would collapse.
Today the vacuum [of space] is not regarded as empty...It is a sea of dynamic energy...like the spray of foam near a turbulent waterfall. Dr Harold Puthoff, Physicist
http://www.zpower.net/zpe.htm (as of 2004-09-19)
The
ZPE is huge - estimated as the energy of millions of suns in one cubic centimeter. Whenever an electron "
orbits" an atom, it should lose energy.
28. 2 Peter 3:12
2 Peter 3:12 Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat? [kjv]
προσδοκωντας και σπευδοντας την παρουσιαν της του θεου ημερας δι ην ουρανοι πυρουμενοι λυθησονται και στοιχεια καυσουμενα τηκεται [gnt]
If it were not for the
ZPE, every atom in the universe would undergo immediate radiative collapse. Is this a "
heat death" or (lack of) "
heat death"? Or something more?
Is the ZPE really holding the universe together? What could be holding the universe together? If the universe were created, maybe the creator is holding the universe together.
29. 2 Peter 3:12
KJV: Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat?
Greek: προσδοκωντας και σπευδοντας την παρουσιαν της του θεου ημερας δι ην ουρανοι πυρουμενοι λυθησονται και στοιχεια καυσουμενα τηκεται
Latin: expectantes et properantes in adventum Dei diei per quam caeli ardentes solventur et elementa ignis ardore tabescent
Wycliffe: abidinge and hiyynge in to the comyng of the dai of oure Lord Jhesu Crist, bi whom heuenes brennynge schulen be dissoluyd, and elementis schulen faile bi brennyng of fier.
30. Greek
2 Peter 3:12 Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat? [kjv]
προσδοκωντας και σπευδοντας την παρουσιαν της του θεου ημερας δι ην ουρανοι πυρουμενοι λυθησονται και στοιχεια καυσουμενα τηκεται [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"στοιχεῖον" ≈ "one of a row or series or sequence" and is the origin of the English chemical term "
stoichiometric". The Greek word had origins in the lines of soldiers. Combining such ordered sequences results in what is called a table.
The modern Greek word
"στοιχεία" (stee-KHEE-a) ≈ "elements".
31. Colossians 2:8 Hollow philosophy
Colossians 2:8 Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ. [kjv]
βλεπετε μη τις υμας εσται ο συλαγωγων δια της φιλοσοφιας και κενης απατης κατα την παραδοσιν των ανθρωπων κατα τα στοιχεια του κοσμου και ου κατα χριστον [gnt]
videte … decipiat … philosophiam … inanem fallaciam … traditionem … elementa mundi … [v]
The origins of this verse in the
NIV (New International Version) appear to go back to Wescott and Horte who are said to have loved Greek philosophy. Instead of (all) "
philosophy", as in the "
wisdom of man", they used the words "
hollow philosophy" or "
empty philosophy" so that some Greek philosophy would not fall under this warning.
NIV:
See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the elemental spiritual forces of this world rather than on Christ. Philippians 2:8.
KJV: philosophy and empty deception (same as Greek)
NIV : empty and deceptive philosophy (changed from Greek)
The English word
"hollow" is related to the English word
"hole" as in an empty space.
32. Colossians 2:8
KJV: Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ.
Greek: βλεπετε μη τις υμας εσται ο συλαγωγων δια της φιλοσοφιας και κενης απατης κατα την παραδοσιν των ανθρωπων κατα τα στοιχεια του κοσμου και ου κατα χριστον
Latin: videte ne quis vos decipiat per philosophiam et inanem fallaciam secundum traditionem hominum secundum elementa mundi et non secundum Christum
Spanish: Mirad que nadie os engañe por medio de filosofías y vanas sutilezas, según las tradiciones de los hombres, conforme a los rudimentos del mundo, y no según Cristo.
33. Galatians 4:3
Galatians 4:3 Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world: [kjv]
ουτως και ημεις οτε ημεν νηπιοι υπο τα στοιχεια του κοσμου ημεθα δεδουλωμενοι [gnt]
34. Galatians 4:3
KJV: Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:
Greek: ουτως και ημεις οτε ημεν νηπιοι υπο τα στοιχεια του κοσμου ημεν ημεθα δεδουλωμενοι
35. Systems
36. Genesis 1:10
KJV: And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.
Hebrew: ויקרא אלהים ליבשה ארץ ולמקוה המים קרא ימים וירא אלהים כי טוב׃
Greek: και εκαλεσεν ο θεος την ξηραν γην και τα συστηματα των υδατων εκαλεσεν θαλασσας και ειδεν ο θεος οτι καλον
Latin: et vocavit Deus aridam terram congregationesque aquarum appellavit maria et vidit Deus quod esset bonum
Wycliffe: And God clepide the drie place, erthe; and he clepide the gadryngis togidere of watris, the sees. And God seiy that it was good;
Tyndale: And god called the drye lande the erth and the gatheringe togyther of waters called he the see. And God sawe that it was good
Luther: Und Gott nannte das Trockene Erde, und die Sammlung der Wasser nannte er Meer. Und Gott sah, daß es gut war.
The "
gathering together" in the KJV is the "
systems" in the LXX.
37. 2 Samuel 23:15
KJV: And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth-lehem, which is by the gate!
Hebrew: ויתאוה דוד ויאמר מי ישקני מים מבאר בית לחם אשר בשער׃
Greek: και επεθυμησεν δαυιδ και ειπεν τις ποτιει με υδωρ εκ του λακκου του εν βαιθλεεμ του εν τη πυλη το δε συστημα των αλλοφυλων τοτε εν βαιθλεεμ
The
LXX (Septuagint) adds a part of the "
system" or "
standing together" of the Philistines who are guarding the will by the gate.
38. Systems
Today, a "system" is a collection of related parts that "work together" or "stand together" for some purpose.
39. Grace Hopper
Rear Admiral Grace Hopper was an early computer programmer and for years went around lecturing about computer technology and related topics.
Life was simple before World War II. After that, we had systems. Grace Hopper.
You manage things, you lead people. We went overboard on management and forgot about leadership. It might help if we ran the MBAs out of Washington. Grace Hopper.
Humans are allergic to change. They love to say, "We've always done it this way." I try to fight that. That's why I have a clock on my wall that runs counter-clockwise. Grace Hopper.
40. Hopper: First computer bug
41. First computer bug
In the early days of computers, the first documented computer bug was a "
moth" that had short-circuited a switch in a computer circuit.
The first bug was documented by
Grace Hopper (first computer bug) , though the term bug goes back further than computers.
It's easier to ask forgiveness than it is to get permission. Grace Hopper.
Grace Hopper is known for the saying that it is easier to ask forgiveness than to ask for permission.
So, translating literally the source of the words in the title, the "
Standing together for systemic constancy" is the "
standing together for standing together of standing together". Interesting how words with the same origin somewhat diverge in their later meanings.
Now that we are "
standing together" for something, a future topic is to see what it means to "
stand under" or "
understand"
42. End of page