Orange you going to color it red

Do you know people with red hair? Is it really red? It appears more like "orange". Why then is it called red?
The color orange is from the 1500's, coming from the old French word "pomme d'orenge'" ≈ "orange" as a fruit. Before that time, red and orange tended to be grouped together into what was a generic red.

Did you "read" it somewhere? That is, as in "I read that somewhere.". The old joke goes as "What is red and white and read all over" where it is more ambiguous if said rather than written and "read".

Technically, red hair is associated with the gene MC1R which is recessive so that "red hair" happens in about 2 percent of the population.

The color "red" is not the same as when my parents told me to "redd" my room which meant to clean it. This appears to be a Pennsylvania saying and appears to be a combination of two older English words.

The Middle English word "redden" ≈ "save, rescue, deliver".
The Old English word "geraedan" ≈ "put in order, arrange".
The Old English word "hreddan" ≈ "save, deliver, recover".
The Middle English word "reden" ≈ "clean up, clear".

Genesis 25:25 And the first came out red, all over like an hairy garment; and they called his name Esau. [kjv]

εξηλθεν δε ο υιος ο πρωτοτοκος πυρρακης ολος ωσει δορα δασυς επωνομασεν δε το ονομα αυτου ησαυ [lxx]

… rufus … [v]

… אדמוני … [he]

The Hebrew word "אדמונ" (ad-mo-w-ni) ≈ "ruddy".
	The word starts with the Hebrew word for "Adam" or "man".

Here, the "red" in Hebrew is sometimes translated as "ruddy". The LXX (Septuagint) uses the ancient Greek word "πυρράζω" ≈ "redden" as in "fire" which can be a play on words with "examine" as in "tempt".

More: Matthew 16:1-3 Red sky at night

Genesis 25:25

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KJV: And the first came out red, all over like an hairy garment; and they called his name Esau.

Hebrew: ויצא הראשון אדמוני כלו כאדרת שער ויקראו שמו עשו׃

Greek: εξηλθεν δε ο υιος ο πρωτοτοκος πυρρακης ολος ωσει δορα δασυς επωνομασεν δε το ονομα αυτου ησαυ

Latin: qui primus egressus est rufus erat et totus in morem pellis hispidus vocatumque est nomen eius Esau protinus alter egrediens plantam fratris tenebat manu et idcirco appellavit eum Iacob

Wycliffe: He that yede out first was reed, and al rouy in the manere of a skyn; and his name was clepid Esau.

Tyndale: And he that came out first was redde and rough ouer all as it were an hyde: and they called his name Esau.

Luther: Der erste, der herauskam, war rötlich, ganz rauch wie ein Fell; und sie nannten ihn Esau.

Spanish: Y salió el primero rubio, y todoél velludo como una pelliza; y llamaron su nombre Esaú.

Genesis 25:25 And the first came out red, all over like an hairy garment; and they called his name Esau. [kjv]

εξηλθεν δε ο υιος ο πρωτοτοκος πυρρακης ολος ωσει δορα δασυς επωνομασεν δε το ονομα αυτου ησαυ [lxx]

… rufus … [v]

… אדמוני … [he]

… rötlich… [lu]

… reed… [wy]

… redde … [ty]

The English word "ruddy" is from the Old English word "rudig" ≈ "reddish, ruddy" which is cognate with the German word "rot" ≈ "red".

The word "ruddy" is not related to the English word "rude" which is, through French, from the Latin word "rudis" ≈ "rough, raw, wild".

Inspired by the story of the Ugly Duckling, Robert May, in 1939, created the story of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.

In 1949 the song and melody by Johnny Marks made Rudolph more popular. The TV special in the 1960's added to the legend of Rudolph, reindeer, the North Pole, and Santa - with elves, etc.

Rudolph has a red nose but the English word "Rudolph" is from the German word "Rudolf" ≈ "Rudolph" is from the old German words for "fame" and "wolf".

Genesis 2:19 And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. [kjv]

και επλασεν ο θεος ετι εκ της γης παντα τα θηρια του αγρου και παντα τα πετεινα του ουρανου και ηγαγεν αυτα προς τον αδαμ ιδειν τι καλεσει αυτα και παν ο εαν εκαλεσεν αυτο αδαμ ψυχην ζωσαν τουτο ονομα αυτου [lxx]

… האדמה … האדם … האדם … [he]

The Hebrew word "אדם" (man, Adam, dirt) ≈ "Adam".
	This word has several meanings in the Hebrew.

The first man, created by God.
Dirt or clay of a reddish-brown color.
The color "red" is in "ruddy".

More: Generations from Adam to Noah

Genesis 2:19

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KJV: And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.

Hebrew: ויצר יהוה אלהים מן האדמה כל חית השדה ואת כל עוף השמים ויבא אל האדם לראות מה יקרא לו וכל אשר יקרא לו האדם נפש חיה הוא שמו׃

Greek: και επλασεν ο θεος ετι εκ της γης παντα τα θηρια του αγρου και παντα τα πετεινα του ουρανου και ηγαγεν αυτα προς τον αδαμ ιδειν τι καλεσει αυτα και παν ο εαν εκαλεσεν αυτο αδαμ ψυχην ζωσαν τουτο ονομα αυτου

This Hebrew word for "red" or "ruddy" contains the name of "Adam".

*H120 אָדָם (aw-dawm') : from H119; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.):--X another, + hypocrite, + common sort, X low, man (mean, of low degree), person.

*H132 אַדמוֹנִי אַדמוֹנִי (ad-mo-nee') : or (fully) admowniy {ad-mo-nee'}; from H119; reddish (of the hair or the complexion):--red, ruddy.

More: Rainbows and the toxic arrow of time

Revelation 12:3 And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. [kjv]

και ωφθη αλλο σημειον εν τω ουρανω και ιδου δρακων μεγας πυρρος εχων κεφαλας επτα και κερατα δεκα και επι τας κεφαλας αυτου επτα διαδηματα [gnt]

… rufus … [v]

The Greek word for "red" is related to the ancient Greek word "πῦρ" ≈ "fire" which is from the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "*PEHWR" ≈ "fire" and is related to the English word "fire" through Grimm's Law.

The German word "das Feuer" ≈ "fire".
The modern Greek word "πυρ" (peer) ≈ "fire".

Fire often appears more orange than red, but, remember, that distinction was not made at that time.

Revelation 12:3

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KJV: And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.

Greek: και ωφθη αλλο σημειον εν τω ουρανω και ιδου δρακων μεγας πυρρος εχων κεφαλας επτα και κερατα δεκα και επι τας κεφαλας αυτου διαδηματα επτα διαδηματα

Latin: et visum est aliud signum in caelo et ecce draco magnus rufus habens capita septem et cornua decem et in capitibus suis septem diademata

Wycliffe: And another signe was seyn in heuene; and lo! a greet reede dragoun, that hadde seuene heedis, and ten hornes, and in the heedis of hym seuene diademes.

Luther: Und es erschien ein ander Zeichen im Himmel; und siehe, ein großer, roter Drache, der hatte sieben Häupter und zehn Hörner und auf seinen Häuptern sieben Kronen.

Russian: И другое знамение явилось на небе: вот, большой красный дракон с семью головами и десятью рогами, и на головах его семь диадим.

Spanish: Y fue vista otra señal en el cielo; y he aquí un gran dragón bermejo, que tenía siete cabezas y diez cuernos, y en sus cabezas siete diademas.

The English word "pyre" is from the Latin word "pyra" ≈ "funeral pyre" is from the ancient Greek word "πυρά" ≈ "pyre" which is from the ancient Greek word "πῦρ" ≈ "fire".

From this Greek word come English words such as "pyrotechnic", "pyrogenic" and many chemistry and science terms involving heat, fire, etc.

The United Methodist "Cross and flame" logo uses a red flame, since 1968 when the United Methodist church was formed as a merger of the (mostly southern) Methodist Church and (mostly other areas) Evangelical United Brethren Church.

The cross represents Christ and the flame represents the Holy Spirit as in the "flames of fire" at Pentecost in Acts 2:3. The two flames are to represent each of the two churches that united.

Before the EUB (Evangelical United Brethren) Church merged with the Methodist Church, we were told that we get to keep the "United" and they get to keep the "Methodist".

*G4450 *3 πυρῥός (poor-hros') : from G4442; fire-like, i.e. (specially), flame- colored:--red.

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πυρρος *2

Revelation 6:4 And there went out another horse that was red: and power was given to him ...
Revelation 12:3 ... and behold a great red dragon, having seven ...

πυρρου

Acts 20:4 And there accompanied him into Asia Sopater ...

Words: πυρρος=2 πυρρου

*G4450 *3 πυρῥός (poor-hros') : from G4442; fire-like, i.e. (specially), flame- colored:--red.

Revelation 12:3 And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. [kjv]

… rufus … [v]

The Latin word "rufus" ≈ "red" which is why the name "Rufus" is associated with "red".

Mark 15:21 And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross. [kjv]

και αγγαρευουσιν παραγοντα τινα σιμωνα κυρηναιον ερχομενον απ αγρου τον πατερα αλεξανδρου και ρουφου ινα αρη τον σταυρον αυτου [gnt]

… Rufi … [v]

Romans 16:13 Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine. [kjv]

ασπασασθε ρουφον τον εκλεκτον εν κυριω και την μητερα αυτου και εμου [gnt]

… Rufum … [v]

The Latin word "Rufus" ≈ "Rufus" as a person's name comes the ancient Greek word "Ῥοῦφος" ≈ "Rufus" which is often a nickname or name given to someone with "red" hair.

Mark 15:21

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KJV: And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.

Greek: και αγγαρευουσιν παραγοντα τινα σιμωνα κυρηναιον ερχομενον απ αγρου τον πατερα αλεξανδρου και ρουφου ινα αρη τον σταυρον αυτου

Latin: et angariaverunt praetereuntem quempiam Simonem Cyreneum venientem de villa patrem Alexandri et Rufi ut tolleret crucem eius

Wessex: & ge-nedden sumne weig-ferende symonem cyreneum cumende of þam tune alisandres fader & ruffi. þt he his rode baere.

Wycliffe: And thei compelliden a man that passide the weie, that cam fro the toun, Symount of Syrenen, the fader of Alisaundir and of Rufe, to bere his cross.

Gothic: jah undgripun sumana manne, seimona kwreinaiu, qimandan af akra, attan alaiksandraus jah rufaus, ei nemi galgan is.

Luther: Und zwangen einen, der vorüberging, mit Namen Simon von Kyrene; der vom Felde kam (der ein Vater war des Alexander und Rufus) , daß er ihm das Kreuz trüge.

Russian: И заставили проходящего некоего Киринеянина Симона, отца Александрова и Руфова, идущего с поля, нести крест Его.

Spanish: Y obligaron a uno que pasaba, Simón cireneo, padre de Alejandro y de Rufo, que venía del campo, para que le llevase su cruz.

Romans 16:13

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KJV: Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

Greek: ασπασασθε ρουφον τον εκλεκτον εν κυριω και την μητερα αυτου και εμου

Latin: salutate Rufum electum in Domino et matrem eius et meam

Wycliffe: Grete wel Rufus, chosun in the Lord, and his modir, and myn.

Luther: Grüßet Rufus, den Auserwählten in dem Herrn, und seine und meine Mutter.

Russian: Приветствуйте Руфа, избранного в Господе, и матерь его и мою.

Spanish: Saludad a Rufo, escogido en el Señor, y a su madre y mía.

The English word "rubric" comes from the Latin which was "red" lettering used to mark texts - especially headings.

The word "rubric" is used in education as a way to mark a score on some student requirement when grading it.

Proverbs 3:15 She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her. [kjv]

τιμιωτερα δε εστιν λιθων πολυτελων ουκ αντιταξεται αυτη ουδεν πονηρον ευγνωστος εστιν πασιν τοις εγγιζουσιν αυτη παν δε τιμιον ουκ αξιον αυτης εστιν [lxx]

The English word "ruby" comes, through old French, from the Latin word "rubeus" ≈ "red".

There appears there may be some relation between the "ruby" as a gem stone and the English word "scruple" which comes, through French, from the Latin word "scrupulus" ≈ "small sharp/pointed stone". Do you get this small "point"?

Proverbs 3:15

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KJV: She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her.

Hebrew: יקרה היא מפניים וכל חפציך לא ישוו בה׃

Greek: τιμιωτερα δε εστιν λιθων πολυτελων ουκ αντιταξεται αυτη ουδεν πονηρον ευγνωστος εστιν πασιν τοις εγγιζουσιν αυτη παν δε τιμιον ουκ αξιον αυτης εστιν

Latin: pretiosior est cunctis opibus et omnia quae desiderantur huic non valent conparari

Wycliffe: It is preciousere than alle richessis; and alle thingis that ben desirid, moun not be comparisound to this.

Luther: Sie ist edler denn Perlen; und alles, was du wünschen magst, ist ihr nicht zu gleichen.

Spanish: Más preciosa es que las piedras preciosas; y todo lo que puedes desear, no se puede comparar a ella.

The ancient Greek words used in the LXX are "λιθων πολυτελων" ≈ "precious stones". Some versions have "pearls".

The Ruby programming language, at https://www.ruby-lang.org is named for the precious stone of a ruby. The "compared" in the KJV (King James Version) is "honored and worthy" in the LXX and the Latin word "valent" ≈ "strong" in the Latin Vulgate and is the source of the English word "Valentine".

*H6443 פָּנִין פָּנִי (paw-neen') : or paniy {paw-nee'}; from the same as H6434; probably a pearl (as round):--ruby.

The English word "rouge" as in reddish-pink color (e.g., lipstick) is from the French word "rouge" ≈ "red, pink" which is from the Latin word "rubeus" ≈ "red".

A russet potato is from the Middle English word "russet" ≈ "reddish-brown" which is, through French, from the Latin word "russus" ≈ "red". Russet potatoes are known as Idaho potatoes in the United States.

The Russet Burbank potato, named for Luther Burbank, was selected to improve the disease resistance of Irish potatoes.

Russet potatoes tend to be long so McDonald's use a Russet Burbank potato for French fries.

The English word "roan" refers to a dark reddish color of fur, often with white showing through, especially of horses or cattle.

The word "roan" appears to be, through French, from the Spanish word "roano" ≈ "roan" and originally from the Gothic word "rauths" ≈ "red".

Hebrews 11:29 By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned. [kjv]

πιστει διεβησαν την ερυθραν θαλασσαν ως δια ξηρας γης ης πειραν λαβοντες οι αιγυπτιοι κατεποθησαν [gnt]

… Rubrum … [v]

Greek maintained the prefix for "red" that disappeared in other languages.

The ancient Greek word "ἐρυθρός" ≈ "red".
The modern Greek word "ερυθρός" (eh-ree-THROS) ≈ "red".

Egypt is known as the "Land of Ham" as in the Latin Vulgate.

Psalms 106:22 Wondrous works in the land of Ham, and terrible things by the Red sea. [kjv]

θαυμαστα εν γη χαμ φοβερα επι θαλασσης ερυθρας [lxx]

… tierra de Cam… [es]

Hebrews 11:29

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KJV: By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned.

Greek: πιστει διεβησαν την ερυθραν θαλασσαν ως δια ξηρας γης ης πειραν λαβοντες οι αιγυπτιοι κατεποθησαν

Latin: fide transierunt mare Rubrum tamquam per aridam terram quod experti Aegyptii devorati sunt

Psalms 106:22

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KJV: Wondrous works in the land of Ham, and terrible things by the Red sea.

Hebrew: נפלאות בארץ חם נוראות על ים סוף׃

Greek: θαυμαστα εν γη χαμ φοβερα επι θαλασσης ερυθρας

Latin: obliti sunt Dei salvatoris sui qui fecit magnalia in Aegypto

Luther: Wunder im Lande Hams und schreckliche Werke am Schilfmeer.

Spanish: Maravillas en la tierra de Cam, cosas formidables sobre el Mar Rojo.

*G2063 *2 ἐρυθρός (er-oo-thros') : of uncertain affinity; red, i.e. (with G2281) the Red Sea:--red.

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ερυθρα

Acts 7:36 ... of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in ...

ερυθραν

Hebrews 11:29 By faith they passed through the Red sea as by ...

Words: ερυθρα ερυθραν

*G2063 *2 ἐρυθρός (er-oo-thros') : of uncertain affinity; red, i.e. (with G2281) the Red Sea:--red.

Here is a color comparison of some red and fire (orange) colors in ancient Greece from Wictionary. (as of 2022-02-12)

The ancient Greek word "ἐρῠθρός" ≈ "red".
The ancient Greek word "πυρρός" ≈ "fire".

In the 20th century, with mass production and needing ways to sell more products (after everyone had one of them), one way was to introduce new colors. Everyone wants to feel unique and a color is part of that.

My car is not "red", it is "crimson", "salmon", "fire brick red", etc.

My car is not "orange", it is "tomato", "coral", etc.

This is a far cry from Henry Ford saying that people could have his car in any color they liked, as long is it was "black".

For comparison, here are some red and orange colors with their web names. In ancient times, these might all be called "red".

1. LightSalmon = LightSalmon = LightSalmon

2. Salmon = Salmon = Salmon

3. DarkSalmon = DarkSalmon = DarkSalmon

4. LightCoral = LightCoral = LightCoral

5. IndianRed = IndianRed = IndianRed

6. Crimson = Crimson = Crimson

7. Red = Red = Red

8. FireBrick = FireBrick = FireBrick

9. DarkRed = DarkRed = DarkRed

10. Orange = Orange = Orange

11. DarkOrange = DarkOrange = DarkOrange

12. Coral = Coral = Coral

13. Tomato = Tomato = Tomato

14. OrangeRed = OrangeRed = OrangeRed