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Genesis 1: Evening and morning
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. Genesis 1: Evening and morning
Week days
Verse routeGenesis 1:13 And the evening and the morning were the third day. [kjv]

Roman numeral clockWhen exactly does the day start? And when does it end? There have been two primary views during history.

2. Semitic clock
The Hebrews considered the day to start at sundown of a day and continue to the next sundown. This has roots in Genesis in the creation story.

Verse routeGenesis 1:13 And the evening and the morning were the third day. [kjv]

ערב - evening

"ערב" (e-reb) ≈ "evening".
בקר - morning

"בקר" (bo-qer) ≈ "morning".

3. Genesis 1:13
   Genesis 1:13 
 All 
KJV: And the evening and the morning were the third day.
Hebrew: ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום שלישי׃
Greek: και εγενετο εσπερα και εγενετο πρωι ημερα τριτη
Latin: factumque est vespere et mane dies tertius
Wycliffe: And the euentid and morwetid was maad, the thridde dai.
Tyndale: and the of the evenynge and mornynge was made the thyrde daye.
Luther: Da ward aus Abend und Morgen der dritte Tag.
Slavonic: И бысть вечер, и бысть утро, день третий.
Russian: И был вечер, и было утро: день третий.
Spanish: Y fue la tarde y la mañana el día tercero.

4. Hebrew
The Hebrew words for evening and morning are sometimes associated with a decrease of entropy (a measure of disorder) of the universe.

5. Declarative models
In computer science, a "declarative" model is where you indicate what you want done without explicitly programming it, such as in a word processor, spreadsheet, etc.

In Genesis, God provides a "declarative" model of creation.

Information sign More: Declarative models

6. Second law of thermodynamics
Both viewsThe Second Law of Thermodynamics (heat and energy) makes a connection between increase in entropy (disorder) and the progression of what we experience as time.

Information sign More: The beginning and end of time

7. Chaos and creation
As detailed in Genesis 1, God did not create the universe from chaos. Greek mythology says that the universe was created from chaos (dust and gaps) without saying where from where that material came.
 ▶ 
 + 
 - 
 1 God created 
 2 Chaos myth 

Some people confuse one (imprecise) meaning of chaos as "disorder" with the different concept of "entropy" (as a precise measure of disorder) and may then substitute Greek mythology for the creation by God in Genesis 1.

Information sign More: Genesis 1: A gaping gap between chasm and chaos
Information sign More: Do not be shy and embarrassed to turn away from entropy

8. Morning
The German word "Morgan""morning" where the hard Germanic "g" turned to a softer English "y" and then disappeared as the English word "morning". .

9. Diagram
Linguistic diagram of morning

10. Vespers in the west at evening
Verse routeLuke 24:29 … Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. … [kjv]
Verse routeκαι παρεβιασαντο αυτον λεγοντες μεινον μεθ ημων οτι προς εσπεραν εστιν και κεκλικεν ηδη η ημερα και εισηλθεν του μειναι συν αυτοις [gnt]

The garden of Hesperides, visited by Hercules as one of his feats, was in the extreme west (setting sun) from Greece and is the source of the Greek word for "evening" which comes, through Latin, as "vespers". The ancient Greek word for "Spain" was "Hesperia".

The ancient Greek word "ἕσπερος""evening" which has a connotation of "west" as in the setting sun. The related English word "west" is related to the Latin word "vesper""evening" and the Russian word "вечер" (ve-sher) ≈ "evening".

Since Adam and Eve were expelled towards the east, and Hesperides is to the west, some associate the Garden of Eden with the legend of the Gander of Hesperides.

Information sign More: Vespers in the west at evening

11. Strongs - evening

12. Usage - evening
*G2073 *3 ἑσπέρα (hes-per'-ah) : feminine of an adjective hesperos (evening); the eve (5610 being implied):--evening(-tide).
Word usage per chapter Words: εσπερα εσπεραν εσπερας


13. Luke 24:29 Road to Emmaus
Verse routeLuke 24:29 But they constrained him, saying, Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. And he went in to tarry with them. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι παρεβιασαντο αυτον λεγοντες μεινον μεθ ημων οτι προς εσπεραν εστιν και κεκλικεν ηδη η ημερα και εισηλθεν του μειναι συν αυτοις [gnt]
Verse routeadvesperascit … [v]
Verse routeвечеру… [rus]

The modern Greek word "καλησπέρα" (ka-lee-SPEH-ra) ≈ "good evening" comes from Greek words for "good" and "evening" the ancient Greek word "ἕσπερος""evening".

14. Luke 24:29
   Luke 24:29 
 All 
KJV: But they constrained him, saying, Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. And he went in to tarry with them.
Greek: και παρεβιασαντο αυτον λεγοντες μεινον μεθ ημων οτι προς εσπεραν εστιν και κεκλικεν ηδη η ημερα και εισηλθεν του μειναι συν αυτοις
Latin: et coegerunt illum dicentes mane nobiscum quoniam advesperascit et inclinata est iam dies et intravit cum illis
Russian: Но они удерживали Его, говоря: останься с нами, потому что день уже склонился к вечеру. И Он вошел и остался с ними.

15. Daniel 6:14 Daniel in the lions den
Verse routeDaniel 6:14 Then the king, when he heard these words, was sore displeased with himself, and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him: and he laboured till the going down of the sun to deliver him. [kjv]
Verse routeτοτε ο βασιλευς ως το ρημα ηκουσεν πολυ ελυπηθη επ αυτω και περι του δανιηλ ηγωνισατο του εξελεσθαι αυτον και εως εσπερας ην αγωνιζομενος του εξελεσθαι αυτον [lxx]


16. Daniel 6:14
   Daniel 6:14 
 All 
KJV: Then the king, when he heard these words, was sore displeased with himself, and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him: and he laboured till the going down of the sun to deliver him.
Hebrew: אדין מלכא כדי מלתא שמע שגיא באש עלוהי ועל דניאל שם בל לשיזבותה ועד מעלי שמשא הוא משתדר להצלותה׃
Greek: τοτε ο βασιλευς ως το ρημα ηκουσεν πολυ ελυπηθη επ αυτω και περι του δανιηλ ηγωνισατο του εξελεσθαι αυτον και εως εσπερας ην αγωνιζομενος του εξελεσθαι αυτον

17. Vespers
The English word "vespers" is from the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "*WEKSPEROS""evening" as in "stretching towards the evening".

The ancient Greek word "ἕσπερος""evening" which has a connotation of "west" is in the setting sun.

The modern Greek word "εσπέρα" (eh-SPEH-ra) ≈ "evening".

18. Hercules
Hercules in his 11th labor had to obtain the Apples of Esperides or Hesperides, guarded by a dragon named Ladon and the nymphs called the Hesperides.

Hesperus was related to Venus as the "evening star".

19. Latin
The Latin word "vesper""evening" and is the source of the English word "vesper" is a service in the evening rather than the morning.

20. West
The English word "west" is related to "evening" as in "vespers". The Old Church Slavonic word "вечеръ""evening". The Russian word "вечер" (ve-sher) ≈ "evening".

21. Diagram
Linguistic diagram of evening

22. Matthew 12:29 Late binding to the west
Verse routeMatthew 12:29 Or else how can one enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house. [kjv]
Verse routeη πως δυναται τις εισελθειν εις την οικιαν του ισχυρου και τα σκευη αυτου σαι αρπασαι εαν μη πρωτον δηση τον ισχυρον και τοτε την οικιαν αυτου διαρπασει [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "δήση""bind" as a rarely used inflection of the ancient Greek word "δέω""bind".

A similar sounding word would have been the ancient Greek word "δύσις""setting of sun, west, hiding place" and comes from the ancient Greek word "δύω""cause to sink, plunge". The modern Greek word "δύση" (THEE-see) ≈ "west, sunset, decline".

Would any play on words with "bind" as compared to "west" or "late" make any sense historically?

23. Matthew 16:19 Loose and late binding
Verse routeMatthew 16:19 And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. [kjv]
Verse route δωσω σοι τας κλειδας της βασιλειας των ουρανων και ο εαν δησης επι της γης εσται δεδεμενον εν τοις ουρανοις και ο εαν λυσης επι της γης εσται λελυμενον εν τοις ουρανοις [gnt]

Information sign More: Matthew 12:26-29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man

24. Matthew 16:19

 All 
KJV: And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.
Greek: και δωσω σοι τας κλεις κλειδας της βασιλειας των ουρανων και ο εαν δησης επι της γης εσται δεδεμενον εν τοις ουρανοις και ο εαν λυσης επι της γης εσται λελυμενον εν τοις ουρανοις

25. Spain and the land of rabbits
The land of Spain on the Iberian Peninsula comes from the "Land of rabbits" or "Iberia" or Ispania".

26. Matthew 26:20
Verse routeMatthew 26:20 Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve. [kjv]
Verse routeοψιας δε γενομενης ανεκειτο μετα των δωδεκα μαθητων [gnt]
Verse routevespere … [v]
Verse routeAbend … [lu]


27. Matthew 26:20
 All 
KJV: Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve.
Greek: οψιας δε γενομενης ανεκειτο μετα των δωδεκα μαθητων
Latin: vespere autem facto discumbebat cum duodecim discipulis
Luther: Und am Abend setzte er sich zu Tische mit den Zwölfen.

28. The Hebrew day
The Hebrew word "יום" (yom) ≈ "day". יום - dayAs in: The modern Greek word "ημέρα" (ee-MEH-ra) ≈ "day" is the word for day.

29. Other cultures
The Greeks and Romans considered a day to start at midnight and continue until the next midnight.

Germanic cultures used the Hebrew tradition. Though we use the Greek and Roman tradition for the beginning and end of a "day", we still use that Germanic and Hebrew tradition for some holidays.

30. Germanic connection
This connection of Germanic cultures to the Hebrew tradition goes deeper than just when a day starts. There is a field of study of these connections.

One example. All the PIE language groups such as Latin (Italian, French, Spanish, etc.), Greek, Slavic (Russian, Polish, etc.), Indian (Sanskrit, Hindi, etc.) change the inflection of verbs, adjectives, etc., by changing the ending.

Germanic languages (German, English, etc.), however, often change the verb tense by changing the vowel pronunciation such as sing, sang, sung, ring, rang, rung, etc. This is similar to what is done in Semitic languages (Hebrew, Arabic, etc.).

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


31. Holidays
So Christmas starts the evening before, the "evening of Christmas" or "Christmas Eve".
 
What did Adam say on the day before Christmas?
The New Year starts the evening before, the "evening of the New Year" or "New Year's Eve".
 
What did Adam say on the day before New Years?

32. Midnight
The Greek and Roman time of day went from midnight to midnight. The Hebrew (and ancient Germanic) time of day went from evening until morning.

A Christmas hymn about midnight is "It came upon a midnight clear".

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


33. End of page

by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640