In a declarative model in the Bible, verses are pieces of a puzzle to be put together into a model that does not assume too much but can explain what is being said in some way.

Here are some dates for reference.

• Adam and Eve are about 4000 BC.
• Noah and the flood are about 2400 BC.
• Abraham is about 2000 BC
• David is about 1000 BC

This term "declare" is used in computer science but also describes the creation story at another level since, in each step of creation, God says or speaks (or declares) what is to be done.

Some programming languages require that variables (named storage locations) be "declared" (by the programmer in written form) as to their type, etc. Such statements are called "variable declarations".

Many ideas have both a logical and a physical view.

• The logical view is more abstract and is concerned about what is done, not how it is done.
• The physical view is more concrete and is concerned about how it is done and not so much what is done.

Note: In more complex systems, there can be more than one logical view, but there is essentially only one physical view (that is, reality).

In programming language theory, there are (at least) two types of semantics (meaning) of programming languages.

• The operational view is thinking about how a computing machine works.
• A denotational view is thinking about what a computing machine does.

As programming systems become larger, the denotational view becomes more important and the operational view less important.

When someone says to turn to page 123 in a hymnal, there are people who will argue that hymn number 123 is not on page 123. Logical pages do not always match physical pages.

Physical page 123 may not have the hymn at logical page 123. This becomes more apparent as one works with web pages.

Here are some ideas presented in the Bible that appear to fit a declarative model better than an procedural/imperative model.

• Seven day creation week. Creation science groups make procedural/imperative assumptions.
• Rapture: The "Left behind" series makes procedural/imperative assumptions.
• Not one stone left (temple destruction).

Discuss: Identify prophecies in the Bible that were stated in a declarative manner and that appear to have been fulfilled in a specific procedural/imperative manner.

• Functional languages such has Scheme, LISP, etc., are more declarative (but not a lot).
• Logic languages such as Prolog, are declarative, but special-purpose in practical use (best for depth-first problems needing backtracking).

Information can be difficult to define.

• Digital data is everywhere - as in reality (quantum mechanics).
• Information is data that has value depending on a "point of view".
• Information requires intelligence. Statistics means nothing to a rock.
• Information and randomness are related, as in AIT (Algorithmic Information Theory).
• Information and statistics (and data science) are related, as in a fair "coin flip".
• Information and computer science, as in computation and language theory, are related.

• Information, more than a few hundred bits, cannot arise by chance.
• Life requires huge amounts of information, millions to billions of bits.
• Information exits in life as in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) (6,000,000,000 bits in each of 1,000,000,000,000 cells in the human body)

An equivocation is when the same word is used that has (or is given) more than one meaning. The deception is to slide the meaning of one word onto the same word in various contexts. Genetic example:

• male/female in terms of sex/gender



More: Equivocation deception between names and meanings

Life cannot arise by chance (with probability approaching 1.0), given random attempts with all needed data, at each point in the known universe.

• [379 bits] 6,000 (six thousand) years is not sufficient.
• [380 bits] 15,000 (fifteen thousand) years is not sufficient.
• [390 bits] 15,000,000 (fifteen million) years is not sufficient.
• [400 bits] 15,000,000,000 (fifteen billion) years is not sufficient.
• [410 bits] 15,000,000,000,000 (fifteen trillion) years is not sufficient.

Information exits in life as in DNA (6,000,000,000 bits in each of 1,000,000,000,000 cells in the human body), Since the missing part is an actual infinity of time or space, some resulting theories are the following.

• Repeating universe theory
• Multi-verse theory

To avoid this simple conclusion, it is necessary to not precisely define information or make it be everything and everything. Computer science, sometimes called informatics, is the study of digital information and how it can be used to solve problems. Ask a computer science graduate, at any level, if they ever in their coursework defined information or used any definition of information in their work.

Over the years, Biblical scholars, with little if any scientific knowledge, and perhaps not much relevant Biblical knowledge, have attempted to create and promote theories to reconcile what they think (opinion) the Bible says with what they think (opinion) would be scientific to explain how it happened.

• theistic evolution
• gap theory
• day-age theory
• apparent-age theory
• punctuated 24 hour theory
• scientific creationism (including a literal 6 day creation)

Any discussion of these theories is of very limited use but one should be aware that they exist and that there are people who promote these theories as if they both fit the Bible and are relevant to science today.

Since time as we know it did not exist before the creation, forcing our concept of time as in days into the creation story may cause it not to make sense. A view of six literal creation days appears to have taken hold when a move was made to make the Bible a formal logical system (inerrant in every aspect) following this move in secular areas (including Boolean logic, etc.).

Any measure of time as we know it appears to rely, in part, on the speed of light, and it appears that the speed of light has not been the same at all times in the past.

Details are left as a future topic.