Dagon: Hebrew word for fish

The Hebrew word "דג" (dag) ≈ "fish". This Hebrew word appears in the OT (Old Testament) as "Dagon" the fish god, though some argue for it as the "grain" god.

The Philistines worshiped for Dagon at Beth-dagon.

The Assyrians in Nineveh worshiped Dagon which could be why Jonah made such an impression on them (i.e., he had reason to spout off).

*H1712 דָּגוֹן (daw-gohn') : from H1709; the fish-god; Dagon, a Philistine deity:--Dagon.

*H1709 דָּג דָּאגּ (dawg) : or (fully) dag (Nehemiah 13:16) {dawg}; from H1711; a fish (as prolific); or perhaps rather from H1672 (as timid); but still better from H1672 (in the sense of squirming, i.e. moving by the vibratory action of the tail); a fish (often used collectively):--fish.

*H1712 דָּגוֹן (daw-gohn') : from H1709; the fish-god; Dagon, a Philistine deity:--Dagon.

*H1709 דָּג דָּאגּ (dawg) : or (fully) dag (Nehemiah 13:16) {dawg}; from H1711; a fish (as prolific); or perhaps rather from H1672 (as timid); but still better from H1672 (in the sense of squirming, i.e. moving by the vibratory action of the tail); a fish (often used collectively):--fish.

Judges 16:23 Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand. [kjv]

… פלשתים … זבח … [he]

και οι σατραπαι των αλλοφυλων συνηχθησαν του θυσαι θυσιαν μεγαλην δαγων τω θεω αυτων και του ευφρανθηναι και ειπαν παρεδωκεν ο θεος ημων εν χειρι ημων σαμψων τον εχθρον ημων [lxx]

The Hebrew word "פלשתים" (of the Philistines) ≈ "pe-lis-tim".

Luke 21:24 And they shall fall by the edge of the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled. [kjv]

και πεσουνται στοματι μαχαιρης και αιχμαλωτισθησονται εις τα εθνη παντα και ιερουσαλημ εσται πατουμενη υπο εθνων αχρι ου πληρωθωσιν και εσονται καιροι εθνων [gnt]

The Hebrew word "פלשתים" (pe-lis-tim) ≈ "of the Philistines".

After putting down the last of many Jewish revolts in Judea, Roman Emperor Hadrian (76-138 AD) decided that enough was enough. Hadrian forced the Jews in Judea to be more like Greeks (Helenized) or leave.

More: Luke 21:24-28 Perplexed with problems with impossible solutions

Jeremiah 47:1 The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Philistines, before that Pharaoh smote Gaza. [kjv]

… פלשתים … [he]

επι τους αλλοφυλους [lxx]

… Palestinos … [v]

Hadrian then named the area after their traditional enemies the Philistines. The Latin word "Palestinia" ≈ "Palestine" which is the Latin name for the Philistines (Josephus, etc.).

Jeremiah 47:1

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KJV: The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Philistines, before that Pharaoh smote Gaza.

Hebrew: אשר היה דבר יהוה אל ירמיהו הנביא אל פלשתים בטרם יכה פרעה את עזה׃

Greek: επι τους αλλοφυλους

Latin: quod factum est verbum Domini ad Hieremiam prophetam contra Palestinos antequam percuteret Pharao Gazam

Judges 16:23

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KJV: Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand.

Hebrew: וסרני פלשתים נאספו לזבח זבח גדול לדגון אלהיהם ולשמחה ויאמרו נתן אלהינו בידנו את שמשון אויבינו׃

Greek: και οι σατραπαι των αλλοφυλων συνηχθησαν του θυσαι θυσιαν μεγαλην δαγων τω θεω αυτων και του ευφρανθηναι και ειπαν παρεδωκεν ο θεος ημων εν χειρι ημων σαμψων τον εχθρον ημων

1 Samuel 5:2 When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the house of Dagon, and set it by Dagon. [kjv]

… דגון … דגון [he]

και ελαβον αλλοφυλοι την κιβωτον κυριου και εισηνεγκαν αυτην εις οικον δαγων και παρεστησαν αυτην παρα δαγων [lxx]

5:3 And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the LORD. And they took Dagon, and set him in his place again. [kjv]

… דגון … דגון … [he]

και ωρθρισαν οι αζωτιοι και εισηλθον εις οικον δαγων και ειδον και ιδου δαγων πεπτωκως επι προσωπον αυτου ενωπιον κιβωτου του θεου και ηγειραν τον δαγων και κατεστησαν εις τον τοπον αυτου και εβαρυνθη χειρ κυριου επι τους αζωτιους και εβασανισεν αυτους και επαταξεν αυτους εις τας εδρας αυτων την αζωτον και τα ορια αυτης [lxx]

1 Samuel 5:2

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KJV: When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the house of Dagon, and set it by Dagon.

Hebrew: ויקחו פלשתים את ארון האלהים ויביאו אתו בית דגון ויציגו אתו אצל דגון׃

Greek: και ελαβον αλλοφυλοι την κιβωτον κυριου και εισηνεγκαν αυτην εις οικον δαγων και παρεστησαν αυτην παρα δαγων

1 Samuel 5:3

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KJV: And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the LORD. And they took Dagon, and set him in his place again.

Hebrew: וישכמו אשדודים ממחרת והנה דגון נפל לפניו ארצה לפני ארון יהוה ויקחו את דגון וישבו אתו למקומו׃

Greek: και ωρθρισαν οι αζωτιοι και εισηλθον εις οικον δαγων και ειδον και ιδου δαγων πεπτωκως επι προσωπον αυτου ενωπιον κιβωτου του θεου και ηγειραν τον δαγων και κατεστησαν εις τον τοπον αυτου και εβαρυνθη χειρ κυριου επι τους αζωτιους και εβασανισεν αυτους και επαταξεν αυτους εις τας εδρας αυτων την αζωτον και τα ορια αυτης

1 Samuel 5:4 And when they arose early on the morrow morning, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of the LORD; and the head of Dagon and both the palms of his hands were cut off upon the threshold; only the stump of Dagon was left to him. [kjv]

… דגון … דגון … דגון … [he]

και εγενετο οτε ωρθρισαν το πρωι και ιδου δαγων πεπτωκως επι προσωπον αυτου ενωπιον κιβωτου διαθηκης κυριου και η κεφαλη δαγων και αμφοτερα τα ιχνη χειρων αυτου αφηρημενα επι τα εμπροσθια αμαφεθ εκαστον και αμφοτεροι οι καρποι των χειρων αυτου πεπτωκοτες επι το προθυρον πλην η ραχις δαγων υπελειφθη [lxx]

5:5 Therefore neither the priests of Dagon, nor any that come into Dagon's house, tread on the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod unto this day. [kjv]

… דגון … דגון … דגון … [he]

δια τουτο ουκ επιβαινουσιν οι ιερεις δαγων και πας ο εισπορευομενος εις οικον δαγων επι βαθμον οικου δαγων εν αζωτω εως της ημερας ταυτης οτι υπερβαινοντες υπερβαινουσιν [lxx]

1 Samuel 5:4

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KJV: And when they arose early on the morrow morning, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of the LORD; and the head of Dagon and both the palms of his hands were cut off upon the threshold; only the stump of Dagon was left to him.

Hebrew: וישכמו בבקר ממחרת והנה דגון נפל לפניו ארצה לפני ארון יהוה וראש דגון ושתי כפות ידיו כרתות אל המפתן רק דגון נשאר עליו׃

Greek: και εγενετο οτε ωρθρισαν το πρωι και ιδου δαγων πεπτωκως επι προσωπον αυτου ενωπιον κιβωτου διαθηκης κυριου και η κεφαλη δαγων και αμφοτερα τα ιχνη χειρων αυτου αφηρημενα επι τα εμπροσθια αμαφεθ εκαστον και αμφοτεροι οι καρποι των χειρων αυτου πεπτωκοτες επι το προθυρον πλην η ραχις δαγων υπελειφθη

1 Samuel 5:5

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KJV: Therefore neither the priests of Dagon, nor any that come into Dagon's house, tread on the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod unto this day.

Hebrew: על כן לא ידרכו כהני דגון וכל הבאים בית דגון על מפתן דגון באשדוד עד היום הזה׃

Greek: δια τουτο ουκ επιβαινουσιν οι ιερεις δαγων και πας ο εισπορευομενος εις οικον δαγων επι βαθμον οικου δαγων εν αζωτω εως της ημερας ταυτης οτι υπερβαινοντες υπερβαινουσιν

1 Samuel 5:6 But the hand of the LORD was heavy upon them of Ashdod, and he destroyed them, and smote them with emerods, even Ashdod and the coasts thereof. [kjv]

ותכבד יד יהוה אל האשדודים וישמם ויך אתם בעפלים את אשדוד ואת גבוליה׃ [he]

5:7 And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, they said, The ark of the God of Israel shall not abide with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and upon Dagon our god. [kjv]

και ειδον οι ανδρες αζωτου οτι ουτως και λεγουσιν οτι ου καθησεται κιβωτος του θεου ισραηλ μεθ ημων οτι σκληρα χειρ αυτου εφ ημας και επι δαγων θεον ημων [lxx]

1 Samuel 5:6

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KJV: But the hand of the LORD was heavy upon them of Ashdod, and he destroyed them, and smote them with emerods, even Ashdod and the coasts thereof.

Hebrew: ותכבד יד יהוה אל האשדודים וישמם ויך אתם בעפלים את אשדוד ואת גבוליה׃

Greek: και εβαρυνθη χειρ κυριου επι αζωτον και επηγαγεν αυτοις και εξεζεσεν αυτοις εις τας ναυς και μεσον της χωρας αυτης ανεφυησαν μυες και εγενετο συγχυσις θανατου μεγαλη εν τη πολει

1 Samuel 5:7

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KJV: And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, they said, The ark of the God of Israel shall not abide with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and upon Dagon our god.

Hebrew: ויראו אנשי אשדוד כי כן ואמרו לא ישב ארון אלהי ישראל עמנו כי קשתה ידו עלינו ועל דגון אלהינו׃

Greek: και ειδον οι ανδρες αζωτου οτι ουτως και λεγουσιν οτι ου καθησεται κιβωτος του θεου ισραηλ μεθ ημων οτι σκληρα χειρ αυτου εφ ημας και επι δαγων θεον ημων

1 Samuel 5:8 They sent therefore and gathered all the lords of the Philistines unto them, and said, What shall we do with the ark of the God of Israel? And they answered, Let the ark of the God of Israel be carried about unto Gath. And they carried the ark of the God of Israel about thither. [kjv]

5:9 And it was so, that, after they had carried it about, the hand of the LORD was against the city with a very great destruction: and he smote the men of the city, both small and great, and they had emerods in their secret parts. [kjv]

The consequence of the Ark was "emerods in their secret parts".

Details are left as a future topic.

1 Samuel 5:8

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KJV: They sent therefore and gathered all the lords of the Philistines unto them, and said, What shall we do with the ark of the God of Israel? And they answered, Let the ark of the God of Israel be carried about unto Gath. And they carried the ark of the God of Israel about thither.

Hebrew: וישלחו ויאספו את כל סרני פלשתים אליהם ויאמרו מה נעשה לארון אלהי ישראל ויאמרו גת יסב ארון אלהי ישראל ויסבו את ארון אלהי ישראל׃

Greek: και αποστελλουσιν και συναγουσιν τους σατραπας των αλλοφυλων προς αυτους και λεγουσιν τι ποιησωμεν κιβωτω θεου ισραηλ και λεγουσιν οι γεθθαιοι μετελθετω κιβωτος του θεου προς ημας και μετηλθεν κιβωτος του θεου εις γεθθα

1 Samuel 5:9

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KJV: And it was so, that, after they had carried it about, the hand of the LORD was against the city with a very great destruction: and he smote the men of the city, both small and great, and they had emerods in their secret parts.

Hebrew: ויהי אחרי הסבו אתו ותהי יד יהוה בעיר מהומה גדולה מאד ויך את אנשי העיר מקטן ועד גדול וישתרו להם עפלים׃

Greek: και εγενηθη μετα το μετελθειν αυτην και γινεται χειρ κυριου εν τη πολει ταραχος μεγας σφοδρα και επαταξεν τους ανδρας της πολεως απο μικρου εως μεγαλου και επαταξεν αυτους εις τας εδρας αυτων και εποιησαν εαυτοις οι γεθθαιοι εδρας

Saul and Jonathan lost their lives. Their bodies were recovered by the Philistines.

1 Chronicles 10:9 And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. [kjv]

και εξεδυσαν αυτον και ελαβον την κεφαλην αυτου και τα σκευη αυτου και απεστειλαν εις γην αλλοφυλων κυκλω του ευαγγελισασθαι τοις ειδωλοις αυτων και τω λαω [lxx]

10:10 And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. [kjv]

… דגון [he]

και εθηκαν τα σκευη αυτου εν οικω θεου αυτων και την κεφαλην αυτου εθηκαν εν οικω δαγων [lxx]

1 Chronicles 10:9

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KJV: And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people.

Hebrew: ויפשיטהו וישאו את ראשו ואת כליו וישלחו בארץ פלשתים סביב לבשר את עצביהם ואת העם׃

Greek: και εξεδυσαν αυτον και ελαβον την κεφαλην αυτου και τα σκευη αυτου και απεστειλαν εις γην αλλοφυλων κυκλω του ευαγγελισασθαι τοις ειδωλοις αυτων και τω λαω

1 Chronicles 10:10

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KJV: And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon.

Hebrew: וישימו את כליו בית אלהיהם ואת גלגלתו תקעו בית דגון׃

Greek: και εθηκαν τα σκευη αυτου εν οικω θεου αυτων και την κεφαλην αυτου εθηκαν εν οικω δαγων

Jonah 1:17 Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. [kjv]

… דג … הדג … [he]

και προσεταξεν κυριος κητει μεγαλω καταπιειν τον ιωναν και ην ιωνας εν τη κοιλια του κητους τρεις ημερας και τρεις νυκτας [lxx]

More: Whales, dolphins, fish, etc.

(these pages need consolidated)

Jonah 1:17

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KJV: Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights.

Hebrew: וימן יהוה דג גדול לבלע את יונה ויהי יונה במעי הדג שלשה ימים ושלשה לילות׃

Greek: και προσεταξεν κυριος κητει μεγαλω καταπιειν τον ιωναν και ην ιωνας εν τη κοιλια του κητους τρεις ημερας και τρεις νυκτας

Jonah 2:1 Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly, [kjv]

… הדגה [he]

και προσηυξατο ιωνας προς κυριον τον θεον αυτου εκ της κοιλιας του κητους [lxx]

Jonah 2:1

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KJV: Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly,

Hebrew: ויתפלל יונה אל יהוה אלהיו ממעי הדגה׃

Greek: και προσηυξατο ιωνας προς κυριον τον θεον αυτου εκ της κοιλιας του κητους

Jonah 2:10 And the LORD spake unto the fish, and it vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. [kjv]

… לדג … [he]

και προσεταγη τω κητει και εξεβαλεν τον ιωναν επι την ξηραν [lxx]

The Assyrians in Nineveh worshiped Dagon which could be why Jonah made such an impression on them (i.e., he had reason to spout off).

This is seen in a relief from the Assyrian city of Khorsabad.

Jonah 2:10

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KJV: And the LORD spake unto the fish, and it vomited out Jonah upon the dry land.

Hebrew: ויאמר יהוה לדג ויקא את יונה אל היבשה׃

Greek: και προσεταγη τω κητει και εξεβαλεν τον ιωναν επι την ξηραν