Counting and numbers

Matthew 20:9 And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny. [kjv]

ελθοντες δε οι περι την ενδεκατην ωραν ελαβον ανα δηναριον [gnt]

… undecimam … [v]

… aendlyften … [wes]

… elleuenthe … [wy]

… eleventhe … [ty]

… elfte … [lu]

The Old English word "enleofan" ≈ "eleven" comes from "one" and "left". That is, there are two left when ten is taken away. The English word "twelve" is related to the German word "elf" ≈ "eleven".

eleventy (Granny from the TV show Beverly Hillbillies of the 1960's)

The word "leaven" is not related to the number 110 as in "eleventy" as in "eighty", "ninety", "hundred", "eleventy".
It is from the Old English word "hundendlefti" ≈ "one hundred and ten" from the Old English prefix "hund" ≈ "hundred" and the Old English word "endleofan" ≈ "eleven" and ending "tig" where the hard "g" softened to a "y".

J. R. Tolkien in the Lord of the Rings trilogy popularized the usage of "eleventy" as 110. Tolkien writes the following in regards to Bilbo's birthday: Bilbo was going to be eleventy-one, 111, a rather curious number, and a very respectable age for a hobbit (the Old Took himself had only reached 130); and Frodo was going to be thirty-three, 33, an important number:…

This play on words was used in the Beverly Hillbillies TV comedy series (by Grannie) in the 1960's. The name "Eleventy" has been used in software as a name for a simple static web site generator.

More: Leaven: the yeast of these

More: J. R. Tolkien

Matthew 20:9

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KJV: And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny.

Greek: και ελθοντες δε οι περι την ενδεκατην ωραν ελαβον ανα δηναριον

Latin: cum venissent ergo qui circa undecimam horam venerant acceperunt singulos denarios

Wessex: Eornestlice þa ða ge-comen þa ymbe þa aendlyften tide comen. þa onfengen hi aelch hys panig.

Wycliffe: And so whanne thei weren comun, that camen aboute the elleuenthe our, also thei token eueryche of hem a peny.

Tyndale: And they whiche were hyred aboute the eleventhe houre came and receaved every man a peny.

Luther: Da kamen, die um die elfte Stunde gedinget waren, und empfing ein jeglicher seinen Groschen.

Slavonic: И пришедше иже во единыйнадесять час, прияша по пенязю.

Russian: И пришедшие около одиннадцатого часа получили по динарию.

Spanish: Y viniendo los que habían ido cerca de la hora undécima, recibieron cada uno un denario.

Matthew 28:16 Then the eleven disciples went away into Galilee, into a mountain where Jesus had appointed them. [kjv]

οι δε ενδεκα μαθηται επορευθησαν εις την γαλιλαιαν εις το ορος ου εταξατο αυτοις ο ιησους [gnt]

undecim … [v]

… elf … [lu]

Matthew 28:16

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KJV: Then the eleven disciples went away into Galilee, into a mountain where Jesus had appointed them.

Greek: οι δε ενδεκα μαθηται επορευθησαν εις την γαλιλαιαν εις το ορος ου εταξατο αυτοις ο ιησους

Latin: undecim autem discipuli abierunt in Galilaeam in montem ubi constituerat illis Iesus

Wycliffe: And the enleuen disciplis wenten in to Galilee, in to an hille, where Jhesus hadde ordeyned to hem.

Luther: Aber die elf Jünger gingen nach Galiläa auf einen Berg, dahin Jesus sie beschieden hatte.

Slavonic: Единии же надесяте ученицы идоша в Галилею, в гору, аможе повеле им Иисус:

Russian: Одиннадцать же учеников пошли в Галилею, на гору, куда повелел им Иисус,

Spanish: Entonces los once discípulos se fueron a Galilea, al monte donde Jesús les había ordenado.

Matthew 26:20 Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve. [kjv]

οψιας δε γενομενης ανεκειτο μετα των δωδεκα μαθητων [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "δώδεκα" ≈ "twelve" from the Greek words for "two" and "ten". The Latin word "duadecim" ≈ "twelve". The modern Greek word "δώδεκα" (THO-theh-ka) ≈ "twelve".
The Old English word "twelf" ≈ "twelve" comes from "two" and "left". That is, there are two left when ten is taken away. The word for "left" meant the same thing as "lacks". The English word "twelve" is related to the German word "zwölf" ≈ "twelve".

The English word "dozen" comes from French which comes from the Latin word "duodecim" ≈ "twelve" which means, literally, "two ten" or "two" plus "ten".
The German word "dutzend" ≈ "dozen" comes from Latin as does the Russian word "дюжина" (du-schi-na) ≈ "dozen".

By the time I tell you 12 boring jokes about eggs you will be a "dozen".

More: Triangular numbers

Matthew 26:20

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KJV: Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve.

Greek: οψιας δε γενομενης ανεκειτο μετα των δωδεκα μαθητων

Luke 2:1 And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. [kjv]

2:2 (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria. ) [kjv]

2:3 And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. [kjv]

When they came to their senses, Joseph told Mary it was time to travel on a taxing journey. No "taxi" to go register for "taxes".

More: Matthew 17:24-27 Tacky attacks on a senseless tax

More: Luke 2:1-6 Some cents about the need for a census

Numbers 2:32 These are those which were numbered of the children of Israel by the house of their fathers: all those that were numbered of the camps throughout their hosts were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty. [kjv]

The book of Numbers is named for the detailed census appearing in Numbers 2. The details can be boring but are part of an "algorithm" provided by God for their camp in the desert.
If the Israelites in the desert had followed the "algorithm" provided by God as how to precisely camp, their camp would have been laid out in the shape of a cross from the point of view of the "rising sun" in the morning.

Notice the top-down nature of the reporting with the summary totals first and then the details.

More: Numbers 2:1-34 Algorithms and the camp of Israel