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Calque: Advocate
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. Calque: Advocate
This page looks at the GNT (Greek New Testament) term "paraklete" who is also known as the "comforter".

2. Calques
One way to translate a word or phrase is to use what is called a "calque", which is sometimes called a "loan translation".

The English word "calque" is from the French word "calque""trace, imitation, close copy".

Information sign More: Calques

3. Calque: Advocate
The English word "advocate" comes from the Middle English word "advoket""advocate" which comes through French from the Latin word "advocare""to call for, advocate".

This Latin word was a legal term for calling for aid, assistance, representing a witness, etc.
The Latin word comes from two Latin roots. The Latin word "advocare""to call for, advocate" is a calque of the ancient Greek word "παράκλητος""advocate".

4. Calques
Some other languages have these words as claques.

The German word "Fürsprecher""advocate" from the German word "für""for" and the German word "sprechen""speak".

5. Paraclete
The English theological term "paraclete" comes from the ancient Greek word "παράκλητος""advocate" which comes from two Greek parts. The modern Greek word "παράκλητος" (pa-RA-klee-tos) ≈ "comforter" as in the Holy Spirit. This definition comes from the use of the Greek word in the GNT.

6. Diagram
Linguistic diagram of advocate

7. Paraclete
The Greek word for "paraclete" appears five times in the GNT all in books written by John. The word appears twice in the LXX (Septuagint) so it was not a new word.

8. John 14:16
   John 14:16 
 All 
KJV: And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;
Greek: και εγω καγω ερωτησω τον πατερα και αλλον παρακλητον δωσει υμιν ινα μενη η μεθ υμων εις τον αιωνα
Latin: et ego rogabo Patrem et alium paracletum dabit vobis ut maneat vobiscum in aeternum
Wessex: & ic bidde faeder. & he sylð eow oðerne frefiend þaet beo aefre mid eow.
Wycliffe: And Y schal preye the fadir, and he schal yyue to you another coumfortour,
Gothic: jah ik bidja attan, jah antharana parakletu gibith izwis, ei sijai mith izwis du aiwa,
Luther: Und ich will den Vater bitten, und er soll euch einen andern Tröster geben, daß er bei euch bleibe ewiglich,
Spanish: y yo rogaré al Padre, y Él os dará otro Consolador, para que esté con vosotros para siempre:
The Old English word "frofor""comfort, consolation" and the a derived term is "frefran" which is similar to the Wessex word "frefiend" used in the above verse.

9. Strongs

10. John 14:26
   John 14:26 
 All 
KJV: But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.
Greek: ο δε παρακλητος το πνευμα το αγιον ο πεμψει ο πατηρ εν τω ονοματι μου εκεινος υμας διδαξει παντα και υπομνησει υμας παντα α ειπον υμιν εγω
Latin: paracletus autem Spiritus Sanctus quem mittet Pater in nomine meo ille vos docebit omnia et suggeret vobis omnia quaecumque dixero vobis
Wessex: Se halge frofre gast þe se faeder sent on minan naman eow laerð ealle þing. & he laerð eow ealle þa þing. þe ic eow segge.
Wycliffe: the coumfortour, whom the fadir schal sende in my name, he schal teche you alle thingis, `and schal schewe to you alle thingis, what euere thingis Y schal seie to you.
Gothic: aththan sa parakletus, ahma sa weiha, thanei sandeith atta in namin meinamma, sa izwis laiseith allata jah gamaudeith izwis allis thatei qath du izwis.
Luther: Aber der Tröster, der Heilige Geist, welchen mein Vater senden wird in meinem Namen, derselbige wird's euch alles lehren und euch erinnern alles des, das ich euch gesagt habe.
Spanish: Mas el Consolador, el Espíritu Santo, al cual el Padre enviará en mi nombre, Él os enseñará todas las cosas, y os recordará todo lo que os he dicho.
From this verse, one associates the "comforter" with the "Holy Spirit".

The KJV (King James Version) uses "all things" but might be better translated as "always".

Information sign More: Everything and all things: But wait, there's more

11. The Father and Abba
The English word "father" is related to the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "PHTER""father" (as is "mother"). In the Bible, "Father" is used to refer to the (one and only) creator God.

Information sign More: The Father and Abba

12. John 15:26
   John 15:26 
 All 
KJV: But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me:
Greek: οταν δε ελθη ο παρακλητος ον εγω πεμψω υμιν παρα του πατρος το πνευμα της αληθειας ο παρα του πατρος εκπορευεται εκεινος μαρτυρησει περι εμου
Latin: cum autem venerit paracletus quem ego mittam vobis a Patre Spiritum veritatis qui a Patre procedit ille testimonium perhibebit de me
Wessex: Cum uenerit paraclitus spiritus ueritatis quam (sic) ego mittam a patre. Ðonne se frefriend cymð þe ic eow sende fram faeder soðfaestnisse gast þe cymð fram faeder. he kyð ge-witnysse be me.
Wycliffe: But whanne the coumfortour schal come, which Y schal sende to you fro the fadir, a spirit of treuthe, which cometh of the fadir, he schal bere witnessyng of me; and ye schulen bere witnessyng, for ye ben with me fro the bigynnyng.
Tyndale: But when the comforter is come whom I will sende vnto you fro the father which is the sprete of truthe which proceadeth of the father he shall testifie of me.
Gothic: aththan than qimith parakletus thanei ik insandja izwis fram attin, ahman sunjos izei fram attin urrinnith, sa weitwodeith bi mik.
Luther: Wenn aber der Tröster kommen wird, welchen ich euch senden werde vom Vater, der Geist der Wahrheit, der vom Vater ausgehet, der wird zeugen von mir.
Spanish: Pero cuando viniere el Consolador, al cual yo os enviaré del Padre, el Espíritu de verdad, el cual procede del Padre, Él dará testimonio de mí.

13. John 16:7
   John 16:7 
 All 
KJV: Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you.
Greek: αλλ εγω την αληθειαν λεγω υμιν συμφερει υμιν ινα εγω απελθω εαν γαρ μη απελθω ο παρακλητος ουκ ελευσεται ου μη ελθη προς υμας εαν δε πορευθω πεμψω αυτον προς υμας

14. 1 John 2:1
   1 John 2:1 
 All 
KJV: My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous:
Greek: τεκνια μου ταυτα γραφω υμιν ινα μη αμαρτητε και εαν τις αμαρτη παρακλητον εχομεν προς τον πατερα ιησουν χριστον δικαιον
Latin: filioli mei haec scribo vobis ut non peccetis sed et si quis peccaverit advocatum habemus apud Patrem Iesum Christum iustum
Wycliffe: Mi litle sones, Y write to you these thingis, that ye synnen not. But if ony man synneth, we han an aduocat anentis the fadir,
Luther: Meine Kindlein, solches schreibe ich euch, auf daß ihr nicht sündiget. Und ob jemand sündiget, so haben wir einen Fürsprecher bei dem Vater, Jesum Christum, der gerecht ist.
Spanish: Hijitos míos, estas cosas os escribo para que no pequéis; y si alguno hubiere pecado, abogado tenemos para con el Padre, a Jesucristo el justo.
John is the only writer that uses this term, but the actual word goes back further in time and is found twice in the LXX.

15. Job
Job uses the word "paraclete" in the sense of a "comforter" that is "bad" or "not good".

16. Job 16:2
   Job 16:2 
 All 
KJV: I have heard many such things: miserable comforters are ye all.
Hebrew: שמעתי כאלה רבות מנחמי עמל כלכם׃
Greek: ακηκοα τοιαυτα πολλα παρακλητορες κακων παντες
Latin: audivi frequenter talia consolatores onerosi omnes vos estis
Wycliffe: alle ye ben heuy coumfortouris.
Luther: Ich habe solches oft gehöret. Ihr seid allzumal leidige Tröster.
Spanish: Muchas veces he oído cosas comoéstas: Consoladores molestos sois todos vosotros.

17. Zechariah
Zechariah uses the word "paraclete" in the sense of "comfortable" words.

18. Something to say about words
There are (at least) two ancient Greek words for "word". In general, one word means a spoken word and one means a written word but this distinction is not always followed.

There are many verses in the LXX and GNT that use both words. Such verses may help understand both the similarities and the differences between the two words.

Information sign More: Something to say about words

19. Comfort
Since the theological term is "comfort" from the "comforter" the English word "comfort" is covered here.

20. Diagram
Linguistic diagram of comfort

21. Something to say about words
There are (at least) two ancient Greek words for "word". In general, one word means a spoken word and one means a written word but this distinction is not always followed.

There are many verses in the LXX and GNT that use both words. Such verses may help understand both the similarities and the differences between the two words.

Information sign More: Something to say about words

22. Christmas song
For more information on a Christmas song on "comfort" and "joy", see Song: God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen.

23. Eliezer
The name "Eliezer" is of Hebrew origin and is mentioned a number of times in the OT (Old Testament).

Interestingly, the name "Eliezer" means "God of help" or the "help of my God". The "comforter" is a "helper".

24. Genesis 15:2
   Genesis 15:2 
 All 
KJV: And Abram said, Lord GOD, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus?
Hebrew: ויאמר אברם אדני יהוה מה תתן לי ואנכי הולך ערירי ובן משק ביתי הוא דמשק אליעזר׃
Greek: λεγει δε αβραμ δεσποτα τι μοι δωσεις εγω δε απολυομαι ατεκνος ο δε υιος μασεκ της οικογενους μου ουτος δαμασκος ελιεζερ
Latin: dixitque Abram Domine Deus quid dabis mihi ego vadam absque liberis et filius procuratoris domus meae iste Damascus Eliezer
The significance of the name "Eliezer" is explained in Exodus 18:4.

The Hebrew word "אליעור""Eliezer" comes from the words for "God" and "help".

25. Exodus 18:4
   Exodus 18:4 
 All 
KJV: And the name of the other was Eliezer; for the God of my father, said he, was mine help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh:
Hebrew: ושם האחד אליעזר כי אלהי אבי בעזרי ויצלני מחרב פרעה׃
Greek: και το ονομα του δευτερου ελιεζερ λεγων ο γαρ θεος του πατρος μου βοηθος μου και εξειλατο με εκ χειρος φαραω
Latin: alter vero Eliezer Deus enim ait patris mei adiutor meus et eruit me de gladio Pharaonis
Luther: und der andere Elieser; denn er sprach: Der Gott meines Vaters ist meine Hilfe gewesen und hat mich errettet von dem Schwert Pharaos.
Discussion question: Do you see any relationship between the symbolism of, say, the Eliezer of Abram and the Comforter or Holy Spirit?

26. 1 Chronicles 23:15
 All 
KJV: The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer.
Hebrew: בני משה גרשם ואליעזר׃
Greek: υιοι μωυση γηρσαμ και ελιεζερ
Latin: filii Mosi Gersom et Eliezer

27. Strongs

28. End of page

by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640