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The actual potency and inner workings of energy
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. The actual potency and inner workings of energy

2. The actual potency and inner workings of energy
Verse routeGalatians 3:5 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? [kjv]
Verse routeο ουν επιχορηγων υμιν το πνευμα και ενεργων δυναμεις εν υμιν εξ εργων νομου η εξ ακοης πιστεως [gnt]

Energy is a word and concept that has ancient roots but had a different meaning in ancient times. Aristotle first used the ancient Greek word "ενέργεια""actuality" for "actuality", literally, "in working".

The ancient Greek word "δύναμις""power, might, strength, potentiality" and is used by Aristotle for something that has "potential". The root word is "work" and is used many times in the LXX (Septuagint) and GNT (Greek New Testament).

3. Galatians 3:5 Working miracles
Verse routeGalatians 3:5 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? [kjv]
Verse routeο ουν επιχορηγων υμιν το πνευμα και ενεργων δυναμεις εν υμιν εξ εργων νομου η εξ ακοης πιστεως [gnt]

Paul often uses Greek philosophical terms and ideas to relate to his readers. Which makes better sense? Let us look deeper into these ideas.

4. Galatians 3:5 Working miracles
Verse routeGalatians 3:5 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? [kjv]
Verse routeο ουν επιχορηγων υμιν το πνευμα και ενεργων δυναμεις εν υμιν εξ εργων νομου η εξ ακοης πιστεως [gnt]

Once a given idea takes hold, most translations blindly follow what was done in the past.

5. Galatians 3:5
 All 
KJV: He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?
Greek: ο ουν επιχορηγων υμιν το πνευμα και ενεργων δυναμεις εν υμιν εξ εργων νομου η εξ ακοης πιστεως

6. An opus on the workings of work
Verse routeMatthew 20:2 And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny a day, he sent them into his vineyard. [kjv]
Verse routeσυμφωνησας δε μετα των εργατων εκ δηναριου την ημεραν απεστειλεν αυτους εις τον αμπελωνα αυτου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἔργον" (er-gon) ≈ "work" is the source of the physics term "erg" for work and is related to many other PIE (Proto Indo-European) words for "work".
Verse route20:3 And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace, [kjv]
Verse routeκαι εξελθων περι τριτην ωραν ειδεν αλλους εστωτας εν τη αγορα αργους [gnt]

ArgonThe negation of the Greek word for "work" is the ancient Greek word "αεργος""not working, idle" which contracted to "αργος""not working, idle" and is the source of the name for the chemical element "Argon" as a "lazy gas".


Information sign More: Matthew 20:1-19 Parable of the vineyard workers
Information sign More: An opus on the workings of work

7. Thomas Young
In 1802, British scientist Thomas Young (1773-1829) was looking for a term to describe what he was studying. He came up with the term "energy" from the Greek word "ενεργεί" where "energy" is (generally) defined as the capacity or ability to do work.

Leibniz had used the Latin word "vis viva""life force" but Young's term was adopted.

8. Related words
After Thomas Young coined the modern word for "energy" from the ancient Greek, other words were coined starting with the Greek prefix "εν-".

9. Aristotle
Over two thousand years before Thomas Young coined the word for "energy" from the Greek words, Aristotle had used this word for "in working" in his philosophical meaning of "actuality".
The usage and meaning of "energy" by Aristotle, and a word that appears in the GNT, is not the same as the modern use of the word "energy" as defined by Thomas Young.

10. Energy of the mind
The energy of the mind is the essence of life. Aristotle (Greek scientist and philosopher)

The quote means "The actuality/thinking of the mind is the essence/potentiality of life".
Aristotle first coined the ancient Greek word "ενεργεί""actuality" (in his usage) and that means, literally, "inner work" or "in working". That is, "thinking" in contrast to a "potential".

This might be compared and/or contrasted with "I think, therefore I am" from Descartes.

Information sign More: René Descartes

11. Pronunciation
In Greek, the "ε" would be pronounced as a separate leading sound and the "ν", where possible, would start the next syllable. That is, "e-ner-gy" rather than "en-er-gy". α,'ο

12. Usage by Paul
The Greek form of "in working" as "actuality" as used by Aristotle appears in 13 verses in the GNT, all in Paul's letters. That form appears in 2 verses in the LXX and appear to be incidental uses.

An interesting question is whether Paul intended to make allusions to this idea of Aristotle as part of Greek philosophy references in his letters. Let us investigate.

Some useful object-oriented concepts will now be covered.

13. Smalltalk
Byte Magazine Book: Smalltalk-80

Alan Kay wanted to make a computer so easy to use, a child could use it. Then maybe adults could use a computer. Steve Jobs saw what Alan Kay was doing and hired him away from Xerox to create the Apple MacIntosh computer, introduced in 1984.

Alan Kay (American computer scientist) was the originator of object-oriented, having developed the Smalltalk system in 1971, since "Children should program in smalltalk". I invented the term Object-Oriented, and I can tell you I did not have C++ in mind. Alan Kay (American computer scientist)

Information sign More: Alan Kay
Book: Smalltalk-80Smalltalk is an object-oriented language developed by Alan Kay (and others) at Xerox PARC in the 1970s.

Alan Kay wanted to make a computer so easy to use, a child could use it. Then maybe adults could use a computer. Steve Jobs saw what Alan Kay was doing and hired him away from Xerox to create the MacIntosh computer, introduced in 1984.

14. Classes and objects
A cookie-cutter template is used to create a "cookie object" as an instance of an idea of a cookie - a "cookie class".
The Platonic idea of an "empty" class (cookie-cutter) needs to be filled in or "formed" (cookie dough) in order to create an Aristotelian object (cookie to be baked) for a "purpose" or end.

In animated movies, when one sees many similar animals, such as zebras in the movie Madagascar, one of which is "Marty", each zebra is an object created from a general zebra class (as a cookie-cutter template).

Information sign More: Classes and objects

15. Classes and objects
UML classes and objects Object C extends B

An understanding of classes and objects is essential to understanding object-oriented concepts.


Information sign More: Classes and objects

16. Form
Verse routePhilippians 2:6 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: [kjv]
Verse routeος εν μορφη θεου υπαρχων ουχ αρπαγμον ηγησατο το ειναι ισα θεω [gnt]
Verse routeformarapinamaequalem … [v]

Plato Aristotle
Paul is writing to a Greek audience.

The Platonic idea of "forms", from Plato, was that of a perfect but abstract idea that became realized in some imperfect manifestation.
Aristotle had a more physical manifestation or appearance as in the "form" of something based in "reality".

Paul may be "playing" with both of these ideas, "though" (as in "dough") it may not be a clear "form".

Information sign More: Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes

17. Playdough
Play-Doh Playdough to Plato
Do not confuse "Plato" with "playdough" or "Play-Doh". Play-Doh is made primarily of water, salt and flour. It is not edible, but, for pragmatic reasons, is not really poisonous (out of the box, all bets are off once mixed with other substances).
The Hasbro "Play-Doh" web site is at https://playdoh.hasbro.com/en-us. (as of 2022-10-15)
There is a learning website named "Playdough to PLATO" at https://www.playdoughtoplato.com/. (as of 2022-10-15)

Information sign More: Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes

18. Mathematics and reality
CircleA mathematical "circle" does not exist in the real world. Only approximations exist in reality.
Dimensions 0 to 3Neither do "points", "lines", "planes", "spaces", etc., exist in reality.
Aristotle ponders this reality. Paul builds on Aristotle by telling the Ephesians (in various ways) "there's more" as in "height".

Verse routeEphesians 3:18 May be able to comprehend with all saints what is the breadth, and length, and depth, and height; [kjv]
Verse routeεν αγαπη ερριζωμενοι και τεθεμελιωμενοι ινα εξισχυσητε καταλαβεσθαι συν πασιν τοις αγιοις τι το πλατος και μηκος και υψος και βαθος [gnt]



Information sign More: Ephesians 3:18 : From lowest depth to highest height
Information sign More: Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes

19. Plato and Aristotle

These ideas are reflected in the famous Raphael painting of "The school of Athens" showing (the older) Plato pointing up (to abstract ideas) and (the younger) Aristotle pointing down (to actual reality).

A "Platonic" relationship is abstract and not physical (in reality).

Plato has more of an abstract mathematical outlook whereas Aristotle has more of a pragmatic and concrete engineering outlook.

Information sign More: Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes

20. Comparison of truth preferences
Jesus and Paul prefer the more pragmatic and concrete engineering outlook to reality. This is somewhat like the "Aristotelian" approach.

Some prefer the more abstract and out-of-touch with reality ways of (thinking about but not) doing things. This is somewhat like the "Platonic" approach.

Aristotle says that one tends not to reason with things but, rather, with the names of things. In doing so, there is room for deception.

Others prefer the "humanistic" or "opinion" or "good feelings" approach - that of "Protagoras": "man is the measure of all things".

Information sign More: Equivocation deception between names and meanings

21. Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes
Jesus is our Lord (King) and Savior (Christ) but showed by example how to be a servant.
Verse routePhilippians 2:6 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: [kjv]
Verse routeος εν μορφη θεου υπαρχων ουχ αρπαγμον ηγησατο το ειναι ισα θεω [gnt]
Verse routeformarapinamaequalem … [v]
Verse route2:7 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: [kjv]
Verse routeαλλα εαυτον εκενωσεν μορφην δουλου λαβων εν ομοιωματι ανθρωπων γενομενος και σχηματι ευρεθεις ως ανθρωπος [gnt]
Verse routeformamfactusinventus … [v]
Verse route2:8 And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. [kjv]
Verse route εταπεινωσενεταπεινωσεν εαυτον γενομενος υπηκοος μεχρι θανατου θανατου δε σταυρου [gnt]

Philippians 2:6-11 form a famous poem (unknown author, perhaps Paul, but used here by Paul). Paul appears to be using, by analogy, Aristotle's four causes.

Information sign More: Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes

22. Reputation
Verse routePhilippians 2:7 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: [kjv]
Verse routeαλλα εαυτον εκενωσεν μορφην δουλου λαβων εν ομοιωματι ανθρωπων γενομενος και σχηματι ευρεθεις ως ανθρωπος [gnt]
Verse routeformamfactusinventus … [v]

The Greek for "no reputation" is that of "empty form". An "empty form" is like a "hole" as a typed placeholder to be "informed" with something.

Keyhole Donut and hole Puzzle missing piece

The words "form" and "likeness" bring to mind the idea of Platonic forms and Aristotelian reality as found today in the class and object ideas of computer science.

The English word "form" is, through French, from the Latin word "forme""form, shape, appearance" which appears to be from the ancient Greek word "μορφή""shape, fashion, appearance".

Information sign More: Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes

23. Actuality
Aristotle used the word "ενέργεια""in working" and coined the synonym "ἐντελέχεια""entelechy". Both were translated as the Latin word "actualitas""anything happening now".

In philosophy, this idea is expressed as the English word "energia" and the English word "entelechy" both with a (much discussed and somewhat disputed) meaning of "actuality".

The coined word "ἐντελέχεια""entelechy" does not appear in the GNT or LXX but is based on the idea of the ancient Greek word "τέλος""end" which appears many times in the GNT and LXX.

24. Modern Greek
The modern Greek word "ενέργεια" (eh-NEHR-ee-a) ≈ "energy, action".

The modern Greek word "ενεργώ" (eh-nehr-GO) ≈ "carry out an action, act".

25. Potential power
Aristotle often used the Greek word "in working" with an idea of "actuality" together with the word "δύναμις""power, might, strength, potentiality". Aristotle used this ordinary Greek work with a meaning of "potency" or "potential" in two specific ways. This Greek word appears many times in the GNT and LXX. Might that word when used by Paul when writing to Greek audiences have a meaning (or double meaning) of "potency" or "potential"?

Information sign More: Philippians 4:12-23 Potentially doing all things

26. Thomas Aquinas
Italian Dominican friar and priest Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) attempted to integrate Aristotelian ideas, such as "entelechy" and "potency" or "potentiality", into a Christian (and Catholic) framework.

... the position of Western Medieval (or Catholic) Christianity, can be found for example in the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, who relied on Aristotle's concept of entelechy, when he defined God as actus purus, pure act, actuality unmixed with potentiality. The existence of a truly distinct essence of God which is not actuality, is not generally accepted in Catholic theology. Wikipedia (as of 2022-09-23)

Information sign More: Aristotle
Information sign More: Thomas Aquinas

27. Paul
Paul uses both the word for "in working" as "actuality" and the word for "potency" or "potential" in 5 verses, all written to churches in cities where a knowledge of Greek philosophy would be common. Let us look at those verses.

28. Ephesians 1:19 Powerful working
Let us substitute the meanings of the words as Aristotle used them in the following verse.

Verse routeEphesians 1:19 And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power, [kjv]
Verse routeκαι τι το υπερβαλλον μεγεθος της δυναμεως αυτου εις ημας τους πιστευοντας κατα την ενεργειαν του κρατους της ισχυος αυτου [gnt]

Substitution: And what is the exceeding greatness of his potentiality to us-ward who believe, according to the actuality of his mighty power

Is it better, worse or little difference?

29. Ephesians 1:19
 All 
KJV: And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power,
Greek: και τι το υπερβαλλον μεγεθος της δυναμεως αυτου εις ημας τους πιστευοντας κατα την ενεργειαν του κρατους της ισχυος αυτου

30. Ephesians 3:7 Effectual working
Let us substitute the meanings of the words as Aristotle used them in the following verse.

Verse routeEphesians 3:7 Whereof I was made a minister, according to the gift of the grace of God given unto me by the effectual working of his power. [kjv]
Verse routeου εγενηθην διακονος κατα την δωρεαν της χαριτος του θεου δοθεισης μοι κατα την ενεργειαν της δυναμεως αυτου [gnt]

Substitution: Whereof I was made a minister, according to the gift of the grace of God given unto me by the actuality of his potentiality.

31. Ephesians 3:7
 All 
KJV: Whereof I was made a minister, according to the gift of the grace of God given unto me by the effectual working of his power.
Greek: ου εγενομην εγενηθην διακονος κατα την δωρεαν της χαριτος του θεου την δοθεισαν της δοθεισης μοι κατα την ενεργειαν της δυναμεως αυτου

32. Strongs - power

33. Philippians 3:21: Fashionable working
Verse routePhilippians 3:21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself. [kjv]
Verse routeος μετασχηματισει το σωμα της ταπεινωσεως ημων συμμορφον τω σωματι της δοξης αυτου κατα την ενεργειαν του δυνασθαι αυτον και υποταξαι τα παντα [gnt]

The KJV appears to translate "potentiality" as "ability" as in "able".

Substitution: Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the actuality whereby he has the potentiality to subdue all things unto himself.

34. Philippians 3:21
 All 
KJV: Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself.
Greek: ος μετασχηματισει το σωμα της ταπεινωσεως ημων εις το γενεσθαι αυτο συμμορφον συμμορφον τω σωματι της δοξης αυτου κατα την ενεργειαν του δυνασθαι αυτον και υποταξαι εαυτω αυτω τα παντα

35. Colossians 1:29 Workings
Let us substitute the meanings of the words as Aristotle used them in the following verse.

Verse routeColossians 1:29 Whereunto I also labour, striving according to his working, which worketh in me mightily. [kjv]
Verse routeεις ο και κοπιω αγωνιζομενος κατα την ενεργειαν αυτου την ενεργουμενην εν εμοι εν δυναμει [gnt]

Substitution: Whereunto I also labour, striving according to his actuality, which actualizes in me potentiality.

36. Colossians 1:29
 All 
KJV: Whereunto I also labour, striving according to his working, which worketh in me mightily.
Greek: εις ο και κοπιω αγωνιζομενος κατα την ενεργειαν αυτου την ενεργουμενην εν εμοι εν δυναμει

37. 2 Thessalonians 2:9 Works and power
Verse route2 Thessalonians 2:9 Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, [kjv]
Verse routeου εστιν η παρουσια κατ ενεργειαν του σατανα εν παση δυναμει και σημειοις και τερασιν ψευδους [gnt]
Verse routeeum cuius est adventus secundum operationem Satanae in omni virtute et signis et prodigiis mendacibus [v]

Substitution: Even him, whose coming is after the actuality of Satan with all potentiality and signs and lying wonders,

In this case, Satan has "potential" and not absolute "power".

Satan does not have "all" "power". Satan has "all" "potentiality" which appears to be limited by God as to "actuality" or "working".

That "potentiality" may include "bluffing" using "deception" and "signs", etc.

Information sign More: 2 Thessalonians 2:1-17 End game deceptions

38. Other verses
Let us now look at verses by Paul that have the Greek word for "in working" or "actuality" but not the Greek word for "potency" or "potential".

39. 1 Corinthians 12:11 1 Working division
Verse route1 Corinthians 12:11 But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he will. [kjv]
Verse routeπαντα δε ταυτα ενεργει το εν και το αυτο πνευμα διαιρουν ιδια εκαστω καθως βουλεται [gnt]


40. 1 Corinthians 12:11
 All 
KJV: But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he will.
Greek: παντα δε ταυτα ενεργει το εν και το αυτο πνευμα διαιρουν ιδια εκαστω καθως βουλεται

41. 2 Corinthians 4:12 2 Workings of death
Verse route2 Corinthians 4:12 So then death worketh in us, but life in you. [kjv]
Verse routeωστε ο θανατος εν ημιν ενεργειται η δε ζωη εν υμιν [gnt]

This brings to mind the quote of Aristotle. Paul may be saying that the human idea of life may, in fact, result in death.

Information sign More: Aristotle

42. 2 Corinthians 4:12
 All 
KJV: So then death worketh in us, but life in you.
Greek: ωστε ο μεν θανατος εν ημιν ενεργειται η δε ζωη εν υμιν

43. Ephesians 4:16 Effectual working
Verse routeEphesians 4:16 From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love. [kjv]
Verse routeεξ ου παν το σωμα συναρμολογουμενον και συμβιβαζομενον δια πασης αφης της επιχορηγιας κατ ενεργειαν εν μετρω ενος εκαστου μερους την αυξησιν του σωματος ποιειται εις οικοδομην εαυτου εν αγαπη [gnt]


44. Ephesians 4:16
 All 
KJV: From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love.
Greek: εξ ου παν το σωμα συναρμολογουμενον και συμβιβαζομενον δια πασης αφης της επιχορηγιας κατ ενεργειαν εν μετρω ενος εκαστου μερους την αυξησιν του σωματος ποιειται εις οικοδομην εαυτου εν αγαπη

45. Work
Verse routePhilippians 2:13 For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure. [kjv]
Verse route θεος γαρ εστιν ο ενεργων εν υμιν και το θελειν και το ενεργειν υπερ της ευδοκιας [gnt]

The Greek word for "in working" is used twice in this verse, but the English uses "do" for the second occurrence.

The ancient Greek word "εὐδοκέω""well-pleased, content" and comes from two Greek words that mean, literally, "good opinion" or "seems good". It is a perception in the mind that may or may not exist in reality. It is a "point of view". Context is important!

Verse routeMatthew 11:26 Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight. [kjv]
Verse routeναι ο πατηρ οτι ουτως ευδοκια εγενετο εμπροσθεν σου [gnt]


46. Philippians 2:13
 All 
KJV: For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure.
Greek: ο θεος γαρ εστιν ο ενεργων εν υμιν και το θελειν και το ενεργειν υπερ της ευδοκιας

47. Matthew 11:26
 All 
KJV: Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight.
Greek: ναι ο πατηρ οτι ουτως εγενετο ευδοκια εγενετο εμπροσθεν σου

48. Luke 2:14 Paraphrase
Verse routeLuke 2:14 Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. [kjv]
Verse routeδοξα εν υψιστοις θεω και επι γης ειρηνη εν ανθρωποις ευδοκιας [gnt]

Paraphrase: Expectation/opinion in the highest (from earth) to God and on the earth peace in men of a good expectation.
God has a high opinion and a good expectation that men will be peaceful on earth. To support the KJV translation, the second Greek "in" is to the English "towards". To support the Greek "in", translations like the NIV use the following.

NIV: Glory to God in the highest heaven, and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.


Information sign More: Luke 2:8-21 Shepherds and Presbyterians

49. Colossians 2:12 Faith of operation
Verse routeColossians 2:12 Buried with him in baptism, where in also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead. [kjv]
Verse routeσυνταφεντες αυτω εν τω βαπτισματι βαπτισμω εν ω και συνηγερθητε δια της πιστεως της ενεργειας του θεου του εγειραντος αυτον εκ νεκρων [gnt]
Verse routeoperationis … [v]

How does the "operation" of God compare with the Aristotelian idea of "actuality" of God? The Greek word for "actualization" is that of "operational" or "ready to operate".

The Latin word "operatio""operation, activity, effect, result" and is the source of the English word "operation".

A Greek word that does mean "operation" or "operating" is the basis of the English word "liturgy".

50. Colossians 2:12
 All 
KJV: Buried with him in baptism, where in also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead.
Greek: συνταφεντες αυτω εν τω βαπτισματι βαπτισμω εν ω και συνηγερθητε δια της πιστεως της ενεργειας του θεου του εγειραντος αυτον εκ των νεκρων
Latin: consepulti ei in baptismo in quo et resurrexistis per fidem operationis Dei qui suscitavit illum a mortuis

51. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 Effectual working
Verse route1 Thessalonians 2:13 For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι δια τουτο και ημεις ευχαριστουμεν τω θεω αδιαλειπτως οτι παραλαβοντες λογον ακοης παρ ημων του θεου εδεξασθε ου λογον ανθρωπων αλλα καθως αληθως εστιν λογον θεου ος και ενεργειται εν υμιν τοις πιστευουσιν [gnt]
Verse routesine intermissioneoperatur … [v]

How does the "effectually worketh" compare with the Aristotelian idea of "actuality"?

Information sign More: Taking a vacation on praying without ceasing
Information sign More: A pause for rest

52. 1 Thessalonians 2:13
 All 
KJV: For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe.
Greek: και δια τουτο και ημεις ευχαριστουμεν τω θεω αδιαλειπτως οτι παραλαβοντες λογον ακοης παρ ημων του θεου εδεξασθε ου λογον ανθρωπων αλλα καθως εστιν αληθως εστιν λογον θεου ος και ενεργειται εν υμιν τοις πιστευουσιν
Latin: ideo et nos gratias agimus Deo sine intermissione quoniam cum accepissetis a nobis verbum auditus Dei accepistis non ut verbum hominum sed sicut est vere verbum Dei qui operatur in vobis qui credidistis

53. 2 Thessalonians 2:7 Mystery of iniquity
Verse route2 Thessalonians 2:7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. [kjv]
Verse routeτο γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται [gnt]

This "mystery" (initiation) of "iniquity" (against the law) is not a "potential" issue but an "actuality".

The "be taken out of the way" is, literally, "out of the middle happen (come into being)".

Information sign More: Initiation into an open and shut mystery
Information sign More: Against the law: out-law or in-law

54. 2 Thessalonians 2:7
 All 
KJV: For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way.
Greek: το γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται

55. 2 Thessalonians 2:11 Strong delusion
Verse route2 Thessalonians 2:11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: [kjv]
Verse routeκαι δια τουτο πεμπει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει [gnt]

The Greek for "strong" is, from Aristotle, "actuality" so that the "strong delusion" is an "actual wandering/deviation/error" that is "sent" "into" the faith/belief. The KJV translates "into" as "that".

Planets in ancient timesThe ancient Greek word "πλανάω""wander about" and is the source of the English word "planet" as a "wandering star". The ancient Greek word"ψευδής""lying, false, untrue" and is the source of the English word "pseudo".
Discussion question: There have been many speculations about this "lie". What are some candidates for this "lie"? What ideas that are "false" might be put "into" the faith?

Information sign More: Planets as wandering stars

56. Modern Greek
The modern Greek word "ψευδής" (psev-THEES) ≈ "false".

Information sign More: Lies and falsehoods

57. 2 Thessalonians 2:11

 All 
KJV: And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:
Greek: και δια τουτο πεμψει πεμπει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει
Latin: ideo mittit illis Deus operationem erroris ut credant mendacio

58. Strongs - delusion

59. Usage in the LXX
For completeness, here are the 2 verses in the LXX that use the generic word (apparently pre-Aristotle) for "in working". In those days, ideas did not travel fast.

60. Numbers
KJV:
Verse routeNumbers 8:24 This is it that belongeth unto the Levites: from twenty and five years old and upward they shall go in to wait upon the service of the tabernacle of the congregation: [kjv]

LXX:
Verse routeτουτο εστιν το περι των λευιτων απο πεντεκαιεικοσαετους και επανω εισελευσονται ενεργειν εν τη σκηνη του μαρτυριου [lxx]
Verse routeThis is the ordinance for the Levites; From five and twenty years old and upward, they shall go in to minister in the tabernacle of witness. [bs3]


61. Numbers 8:24
   Numbers 8:24 
 All 
KJV: This is it that belongeth unto the Levites: from twenty and five years old and upward they shall go in to wait upon the service of the tabernacle of the congregation:
Hebrew: זאת אשר ללוים מבן חמש ועשרים שנה ומעלה יבוא לצבא צבא בעבדת אהל מועד׃
Greek: τουτο εστιν το περι των λευιτων απο πεντεκαιεικοσαετους και επανω εισελευσονται ενεργειν εν τη σκηνη του μαρτυριου
Brenton: This is the ordinance for the Levites; From five and twenty years old and upward, they shall go in to minister in the tabernacle of witness.

62. Proverbs
KJV:
Verse routeProverbs 31:12 She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life. [kjv]

LXX:
Verse routeενεργει γαρ τω ανδρι αγαθα παντα τον βιον [lxx]
Verse routeFor she employs all her living for her husband's good. [bs3]


63. Proverbs 31:12
 All 
KJV: She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life.
Hebrew: גמלתהו טוב ולא רע כל ימי חייה׃
Greek: ενεργει γαρ τω ανδρι αγαθα παντα τον βιον
Brenton: For she employs all her living for her husband's good.

64. Summary
Energy is a word and concept that has ancient roots but had a different meaning in ancient times.

Aristotle first used the ancient Greek word "ενέργεια""actuality"(in his usage) and that means, literally, "inner work" or "in working".

This word appears in the LXX and GNT. It appears that Paul may have been making allusions to the meaning of Aristotle in some of his letters.

The root word is "work" which also appears many times in the LXX and GNT.

65. Matthew 5:14 Hill climbing potential
Verse routeMatthew 5:14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid. [kjv]
Verse routeυμεις εστε το φως του κοσμου ου δυναται πολις κρυβηναι επανω ορους κειμενη [gnt]

The "can" in "cannot" is from the Greek word for "possible" or, in Aristotle terms, "potentially possible". The ancient Greek word "δυνατός""strong, mighty, possible, practical". The Greek word "hid" appears to be used only in a negative sense. The Greek word for "mountain" is the some word for "definition". Both are related to the Greek word for "horizon". Which is the more difficult task? Apparently some "sheep" separate themselves from the love of Christ? Otherwise, why would it be such a big deal to get that "sheep" off of the "mountains" or "definitions".

Information sign More: Matthew 5:14: Light of the world

66. Matthew 5:14 Hill climbing potential
Verse routeMatthew 5:14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid. [kjv]
Verse routeυμεις εστε το φως του κοσμου ου δυναται πολις κρυβηναι επανω ορους κειμενη [gnt]

In Greek philosophy (e.g., Aristotle), the word in the GNT often translated as "energy" or "work" is that of "actuality". In the same manner, the word often translated as "power" is that of "potentiality". In modern OOP (Object Oriented Programming) programming terms: This is especially true for the writings of Paul since he was writing to a Greek audience who would have understood those parts of Greek philosophy.

Information sign More: Classes and objects
Information sign More: Matthew 5:14: Light of the world

67. Philippians 4:13
Verse routePhilippians 4:13 I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me. [kjv]
Verse routeπαντα ισχυω εν τω ενδυναμουντι με [gnt]


68. Philippians 4:13
 All 
KJV: I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.
Greek: παντα ισχυω εν τω ενδυναμουντι με χριστω

69. Father knows best in Matthew and Mark
Talking of the end of time in the last days, in the Olivet Discourse in Matthew 24, Jesus says the following.
Verse routeMatthew 24:36 But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. [kjv]

Luke adds "not the Son".
Verse routeMark 13:32 But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father. [kjv]

Does the "Father" know something that the "Son" does not know?

Discuss: How can Jesus be God if the Father knows something that he does not know?

70. End of page

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