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Your cup makes me drunk
1. Your cup makes me drunk
Psalms 23:5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. [kjv]
ητοιμασας ενωπιον μου τραπεζαν εξ εναντιας των θλιβοντων με ελιπανας εν ελαιω την κεφαλην μου και το ποτηριον σου μεθυσκον ως κρατιστον [lxx]
The
KJV (King James Version) says "
my cup runneth over" which is usually taken to mean that one has more than enough of what is needed.
The physical meaning of the verse may not be what is intended. When my coffee cup runneth over, I have to cleanneth it up.
The
LXX (Septuagint) has something that appears quite different and addresses the cup as "
you" or the cup as someone else's cup.
2. Exercise
Psalms 23:5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. [kjv]
ητοιμασας ενωπιον μου τραπεζαν εξ εναντιας των θλιβοντων με ελιπανας εν ελαιω την κεφαλην μου και το ποτηριον σου μεθυσκον ως κρατιστον [lxx]
When your cup "
runneth" over, you are not really getting exercise. Here are some ways to get exercise.
|
Run your mouth.
Jump to conclusions.
Take leaps of faith.
Push your luck.
Carry things too far.
Dodge responsibilities.
Exercise restraint.
|
You get the idea. There are many sayings that use exercise terminology but are not actually about physical exercise.
3. The game of cleaning both sides of the bowl
Sometimes justifying your actions with Bible verses does not work.
Matthew 23:26 Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also. [kjv]
φαρισαιε τυφλε καθαρισον πρωτον το εντος του ποτηριου και της παροψιδος ινα γενηται και το εκτος αυτου καθαρον [gnt]
… munda … calicis … parapsidis … mundum [v]
A bowl is somewhat like a cup. When washing dishes after making pancakes (using ground grain flour) the bowel may have dried flour on it. I have been told that although the inside of the cup is clean, the outside of the cup has gritty grain on it which is unacceptable.
I tried using the above verses to justify thoroughly cleaning the inside of the cup and not fully cleaning the outside of the bowl, but that analogy was not accepted. How can we wash the inside to be "
white as snow"?
4. Verse
Here is Psalms 23:5 in more detail.
5. Psalms 23:5
KJV: Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over.
Hebrew: תערך לפני שלחן נגד צררי דשנת בשמן ראשי כוסי רויה׃
Greek: ητοιμασας ενωπιον μου τραπεζαν εξ εναντιας των θλιβοντων με ελιπανας εν ελαιω την κεφαλην μου και το ποτηριον σου μεθυσκον ως κρατιστον
Latin: pones coram me mensam ex adverso hostium meorum inpinguasti oleo caput meum calix meus inebrians
6. Latin
7. Hebrew
8. Strongs - my cup
- *H3563 כּוֹס (koce) : from an unused root meaning to hold together; a cup (as a container), often figuratively, a lot (as if a potion); also some unclean bird, probably an owl (perhaps from the cup-like cavity of its eye):--cup, (small) owl. Compare H3599.
9. Strongs - runs over
- *H7310 רְוָיָה (rev-aw-yaw') : from H7301; satisfaction:--runneth over, wealthy.
10. Greek
Here we are interested in the relevant Greek words from the LXX.
11. Diminutives
A diminutive is a word that as based on another word and refers to a smaller instance of whatever that word means.
Most languages have some way to create diminutive words from a word.
One way to create a diminutive word in Greek is to appropriately add the "
-ιον" suffix to a word.
12. Matthew 26:27
KJV: And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it;
Hebrew: ויקח את הכוס ויברך ויתן להם לאמר שתו ממנה כלכם׃
Greek: και λαβων το ποτηριον και ευχαριστησας εδωκεν αυτοις λεγων πιετε εξ αυτου παντες
Latin: et accipiens calicem gratias egit et dedit illis dicens bibite ex hoc omnes
Wessex: Aend he genam þanne calic þanciende & sealde heom þus cweðende. Drinkað ealle of þisen.
Wycliffe: And he took the cuppe, and dide thankyngis, and yaf to hem,
Luther: Und er nahm den Kelch und dankete, gab ihnen den und sprach: Trinket alle daraus!
Spanish: Y tomando la copa, habiendo dado gracias, les dio, diciendo: Bebed de ella todos;
13. Strongs - cup
- *G4221 *31 ποτήριον (pot-ay'-ree-on) : neuter of a derivative of the alternate of G4095; a drinking-vessel; by extension, the contents thereof, i.e. a cupful (draught); figuratively, a lot or fate:--cup.
- ποτηριον *24
- Matthew 10:42 ... one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in ...
- Matthew 20:22 ... ye ask. Are ye able to drink of the cup that I shall ...
- Matthew 20:23 ... Ye shall drink indeed of my cup, and be baptized ...
- Matthew 26:27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave ...
- Matthew 26:39 ... possible, let this cup pass from me: ...
- Mark 9:41 For whosoever shall give you a cup of water to drink in ...
- Mark 10:38 ... ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? ...
- Mark 10:39 ... Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; ...
- Mark 14:23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: ...
- Mark 14:36 ... unto thee; take away this cup from me: nevertheless ...
- Luke 22:17 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, Take ...
- Luke 22:20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament ...
- Luke 22:42 ... thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless ...
- John 18:11 ... sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father ...
- 1 Corinthians 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not ...
- 1 Corinthians 10:21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye ...
- 1 Corinthians 11:25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new ...
- 1 Corinthians 11:26 ... and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death ...
- 1 Corinthians 11:27 ... bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be ...
- Revelation 16:19 ... God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.
- Revelation 17:4 ... pearls, having a golden cup in her hand ...
- ποτηριου *4
- Matthew 23:25 ... for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but ...
- Matthew 23:26 ... first that which is within the cup and platter, that ...
- Luke 11:39 ... Pharisees make clean the outside of the cup and the platter; but ...
- 1 Corinthians 11:28 ... and drink of that cup.
- ποτηριω *2
- Revelation 14:10 ... is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and ...
- Revelation 18:6 ... her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill ...
- ποτηριων
- Mark 7:4 ... they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, ...
14. Drunk freely
15. John 2:10
KJV: And saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine until now.
Hebrew: ויאמר אליו כל איש יתן בראשונה את היין הטוב וכאשר ישכרו יתן להם את הגרוע ואתה צפנת היין הטוב עד עתה׃
Greek: και λεγει αυτω πας ανθρωπος πρωτον τον καλον οινον τιθησιν και οταν μεθυσθωσιν τοτε τον ελασσω συ τετηρηκας τον καλον οινον εως αρτι
16. Strongs - drink freely
- *G3184 *6 μεθύω (meth-oo'-o) : from another form of G3178; to drink to intoxication, i.e. get drunk:--drink well, make (be) drunk(-en).
- μεθυουσιν *2
- Acts 2:15 For these are not drunken, as ye ...
- 1 Thessalonians 5:7 ... in the night; and they that be drunken are drunken in the night.
- μεθυοντων
- Matthew 24:49 ... and drink with the drunken;
- μεθυσθωσιν
- John 2:10 ... wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou ...
- μεθυει
- 1 Corinthians 11:21 ... is hungry, and another is drunken.
- μεθυουσαν
- Revelation 17:6 And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, ...
17. Pentecost
We see the word used at Pentecost.
18. Acts 2:15
KJV: For these are not drunken, as ye suppose, seeing it is but the third hour of the day.
Greek: ου γαρ ως υμεις υπολαμβανετε ουτοι μεθυουσιν εστιν γαρ ωρα τριτη της ημερας
Latin: non enim sicut vos aestimatis hii ebrii sunt cum sit hora diei tertia
Wycliffe: For not as ye wenen, these ben dronkun, whanne it is the thridde our of the dai;
Tyndale: These are not dronken as ye suppose: for it is yet but the thyrde houre of ye daye.
Luther: Denn diese sind nicht trunken, wie ihr wähnet, sintemal es ist die dritte Stunde am Tage.
19. Latin
20. Most excellent
21. Luke 1:3
KJV: It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus,
Greek: εδοξεν καμοι παρηκολουθηκοτι ανωθεν πασιν ακριβως καθεξης σοι γραψαι κρατιστε θεοφιλε
Latin: visum est et mihi adsecuto a principio omnibus diligenter ex ordine tibi scribere optime Theophile
22. Strongs - excellent
- *G2903 *4 κράτιστος (krat'-is-tos) : superlative of a derivative of G2904; strongest, i.e. (in dignity) very honorable:--most excellent (noble).
- κρατιστε *3
- Luke 1:3 ... to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus,
- Acts 24:3 ... always, and in all places, most noble Felix, with all thankfulness.
- Acts 26:25 ... I am not mad, most noble Festus; but speak forth ...
- κρατιστω
- Acts 23:26 Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting.
23. Septuagint
An interesting part of the
LXX in this verse is the ancient Greek word
"σου" ≈ "you" as in something like the following.
... the cup, you inebriate me excellently.
... your cup inebriates me excellently.
That is, the cup appears to be addressed as "
you" as if one can talk to the cup or it might be someone else's cup - such as a cup of the enemy (or enemies).
Here are some translations that are based on the
LXX (or different from the traditional translations).
24. Brenton Septuagint
The Brenton Septuagint has the following translation.
Thou has prepared a table before me in presence of them that afflict me: thou hast thoroughly anointed my head with oil; and thy cup cheers me like the best wine.
The "
thy" in "
thy cup" fits the Greek "
you". Whose cup might it be?
25. Douay-Rheims
The Douay-Rheims has the following translation.
Thou hast prepared a table before me against them that afflict me. Thou hast anointed my head with oil; and my chalice which inebriateth me, how goodly is it!
26. Aramaic Bible in Plain English
You have prepared tables in front of me opposite my enemies; you have anointed my head with oil and my cup overflows as if it were alive.
27. Idioms
It is not clear if this might be a Hebrew idiom or a Greek idiom.
28. Daniel 4: Witness statement of a non-Jew
In Daniel, the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar is sometimes depicted as a narcissistic, overbearing and unreasonable person. Perhaps this is undercut the authority given by God to some on earth.
The Jewish scriptures, known from the Christian viewpoint as the
OT (Old Testament), were written in Hebrew. Well, almost all of them. And all were written by Jews, with the interesting exception of Daniel 4.
Daniel 4 is written in
Aramaic, is written in the first person, and is the .witness statement of King Nebuchadnezzar.
29. End of page