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A difference of opinion of a heretical group heresy
1. A difference of opinion of a heretical group heresy
What is a "division" as in a "partition"?
What is a "heresy"?
What is a "sect"?
2. Divisions
3. 1 Corinthians 12:4
KJV: Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit.
Greek: διαιρεσεις δε χαρισματων εισιν το δε αυτο πνευμα
4. 1 Corinthians 12:5
KJV: And there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord.
Greek: και διαιρεσεις διακονιων εισιν και ο αυτος κυριος
5. 1 Corinthians 12:6
KJV: And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same God which worketh all in all.
Greek: και διαιρεσεις ενεργηματων εισιν και ο δε αυτος εστιν θεος ο ενεργων τα παντα εν πασιν
6. Psalms 136:13
KJV: To him which divided the Red sea into parts: for his mercy endureth for ever:
Hebrew: לגזר ים סוף לגזרים כי לעולם חסדו׃
Greek: τω καταδιελοντι την ερυθραν θαλασσαν εις διαιρεσεις οτι εις τον αιωνα το ελεος αυτου
7. Sects
A "sect" is a division or partition. The Greek word is shortened from «διαιρεσεις» to «αιρέσεις».
8. Acts 26:5
KJV: Which knew me from the beginning, if they would testify, that after the most straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee.
Greek: προγινωσκοντες με ανωθεν εαν θελωσιν μαρτυρειν οτι κατα την ακριβεστατην αιρεσιν της ημετερας θρησκειας εζησα φαρισαιος
9. Acts 5:17
KJV: Then the high priest rose up, and all they that were with him, (which is the sect of the Sadducees,) and were filled with indignation,
Greek: αναστας δε ο αρχιερευς και παντες οι συν αυτω η ουσα αιρεσις των σαδδουκαιων επλησθησαν ζηλου
10. Acts 24:5
KJV: For we have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes:
Greek: ευροντες γαρ τον ανδρα τουτον λοιμον και κινουντα στασιν στασεις πασιν τοις ιουδαιοις τοις κατα την οικουμενην πρωτοστατην τε της των ναζωραιων αιρεσεως
11. Acts 28:22
KJV: But we desire to hear of thee what thou thinkest: for as concerning this sect, we know that every where it is spoken against.
Greek: αξιουμεν δε παρα σου ακουσαι α φρονεις περι μεν γαρ της αιρεσεως ταυτης γνωστον εστιν ημιν εστιν οτι πανταχου αντιλεγεται
12. Acts 15:5
KJV: But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.
Greek: εξανεστησαν δε τινες των απο της αιρεσεως των φαρισαιων πεπιστευκοτες λεγοντες οτι δει περιτεμνειν αυτους παραγγελλειν τε τηρειν τον νομον μωυσεως
13. Heresies
A "heresy" is the same word as "sect". The meaning of the word has narrowed from a group with ideas that are different than another group to now mean an idea that is not in line with approved doctrine.
14. Acts 24:14
KJV: But this I confess unto thee, that after the way which they call heresy, so worship I the God of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the law and in the prophets:
Greek: ομολογω δε τουτο σοι οτι κατα την οδον ην λεγουσιν αιρεσιν ουτως λατρευω τω πατρωω θεω πιστευων πασιν τοις κατα τον νομον και τοις εν τοις προφηταις γεγραμμενοις
15. 1 Corinthians 11:19
KJV: For there must be also heresies among you, that they which are approved may be made manifest among you.
Greek: δει γαρ και αιρεσεις εν υμιν ειναι ινα και οι δοκιμοι φανεροι γενωνται εν υμιν
16. Galatians 5:20
KJV: Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies,
Greek: ειδωλολατρεια ειδωλολατρια φαρμακεια εχθραι ερεις ζηλοι ερις ζηλος θυμοι εριθειαι διχοστασιαι αιρεσεις
17. 2 Peter 2:1
KJV: But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction.
Greek: εγενοντο δε και ψευδοπροφηται εν τω λαω ως και εν υμιν εσονται ψευδοδιδασκαλοι οιτινες παρεισαξουσιν αιρεσεις απωλειας και τον αγορασαντα αυτους δεσποτην αρνουμενοι επαγοντες εαυτοις ταχινην απωλειαν
18. Jewish sects
There were many different Jewish groups or sects at the time of Jesus and Paul.
Sadducees
Pharisees
Essenes (Dead Sea scrolls)
Zealots
The Jewish Zealots, from which we get the word "
zealous", "
zeal", etc., eventually forced the Jewish revolt and the consequent destruction of Jerusalem, as predicted by Jesus.
19. Shunning
Shunning or separation of groups is one non-violent way to resolve conflict.
Mennonites
West Point (certain possible Honor Code violations)
This appears to be recommended by Jesus.
Matthew 5
Matthew 18
20. Punishment
21. Shunning as punishment
The Mennonites, for example, take the idea of shunning as a complete avoidance of those being shunned more than some groups.
There have been organizations that have used the process of shunning for violations of honor or trust.
22. West Point
The United States Military Academy at West Point has a motto of "
Duty, honor, country".
"
Make us choose the harder right instead of the easier wrong and never to be content with a half truth when the whole can be won.". From the Cadet Prayer, United States Military Academy, West Point.
The West Point honor code that states that "
A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal or tolerate those who do". If found in violation of this code, the punishment is expulsion from the Academy.
23. Silencing
It happens from time to time that someone accused, and who is obviously guilty, is not found in violation (e.g., on a technical loophole, etc.). The informal punishment, then, by the Corps of Cadets is that of silencing.
When a cadet has been (informally) silenced, no cadet should have any personal dealings with the cadet being silenced. However, one must interact with that cadet in all official duties in a professional and non-offensive and otherwise non-biased manner.
Note: This was
officially discontinued in 1973 but that is/was the official position.
24. Silent treatment
The Didache, part
15.3, has the following. Here is the translation by Holmes.
The Didache appears to narrow what is a "
sin" and then assume that the person accused is assumed wrong.
Thus, the Didache has selected a subset of what Jesus said, made assumptions on what happened, and then provided a general rule that does not follow from all that Jesus said.
English: ... and if anyone wrongs his or her neighbor, let no one speak to that person, nor let that one hear a word from you, until he or she repents.
Greek: ... καὶ παντὶ ἀστοχοῦντι κατὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου μηδεὶς λαλείτω μηδὲ παρ’ ὑμῶν ἀκουέτω, ἕως οὗ μετανοήσῃ.
Holmes, M. (2007).
The Apostolic Fathers. 3rd Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, p. 367.
25. Island hopping strategy
Another form of shunning is that of avoiding those in question. This approach has been used in military situations.
During World War II,
Douglas MacArthur (American military leader) and the U.S. Navy used a strategy called "
island hopping" (or "
leapfrogging") in the Pacific theater of action. This strategy involved taking only certain islands and leaving others to hang around, without supplies, until the end of the war.
[code talkers, atom bomb]
26. Matthew 10:14 Island hopping
Matthew 10:14 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet. [kjv]
και ος αν μη δεξηται υμας μηδε ακουση τους λογους υμων εξερχομενοι εξω της οικιας η της πολεως εκεινης εκτιναξατε τον κονιορτον των ποδων υμων [gnt]
The "
island hopping" or "
leapfrogging" strategy is similar to that advocated by Jesus and by Paul. In Matthew 10:14, Jesus refers to a house or a city that is not receptive or is adverse to hearing his words.
In other words, take no action against that house or city, but spend your resources (time, effort, etc.) elsewhere. Those houses or cities then become islands which are "
hopped" over.
Some might say, "
Don't waste your time there. Move on!".
27. Matthew 10:14
KJV: And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet.
Greek: και ος εαν αν μη δεξηται υμας μηδε ακουση τους λογους υμων εξερχομενοι εξω της οικιας η της πολεως εκεινης εκτιναξατε τον κονιορτον των ποδων υμων
28. Acts 13:50-51
29. Acts 13:50
KJV: But the Jews stirred up the devout and honourable women, and the chief men of the city, and raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them out of their coasts.
Greek: οι δε ιουδαιοι παρωτρυναν τας σεβομενας γυναικας και τας ευσχημονας και τους πρωτους της πολεως και επηγειραν διωγμον επι τον παυλον και τον βαρναβαν και εξεβαλον αυτους απο των οριων αυτων
30. Acts 13:51
KJV: But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came unto Iconium.
Greek: οι δε εκτιναξαμενοι τον κονιορτον των ποδων αυτων επ αυτους ηλθον εις ικονιον
31. Strongs - dust
- *G2868 *5 κονιορτός (kon-ee-or-tos') : from the base of G2867 and ornumi (to "rouse"); pulverulence (as blown about):--dust.
- κονιορτον *5
- Matthew 10:14 ... or city, shake off the dust of your feet.
- Luke 9:5 ... city, shake off the very dust from your ...
- Luke 10:11 Even the very dust of your ...
- Acts 13:51 But they shook off the dust of their feet against ...
- Acts 22:23 ... their clothes, and threw dust into the air,
32. Cutting losses
An important question when reasoning with someone is the following question.
What would it take for you to change your position on the subject?
If there is nothing that would change a position, spending time reasoning is not a good use of time.
This use of a "
silencing" or "
island hopping" or similar strategy is one way to cut losses and thereby maximize the use of time, effort, resources, etc.
This can be one reasonable interpretation of the advice to "
cut off" or "
pluck out" something that would otherwise take away resources that could be used for better purposes.
33. End of page
Acts 13:50 But the Jews stirred up the devout and honourable women, and the chief men of the city, and raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them out of their coasts. [kjv]
