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Matthew 18:15-17 Conflicting and faulty resolutions
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. Matthew 18:15
 All 
KJV: Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.
Greek: εαν δε αμαρτηση εις σε ο αδελφος σου υπαγε και ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου
Latin: si autem peccaverit in te frater tuus vade et corripe eum inter te et ipsum solum si te audierit lucratus es fratrem tuum
Wessex: Soðlice gyf þin broðer synegeð wið þe. gä & styr hine. be-twuxe þe & hym sylfen. Gyf he þe ge-hyrð. þu ge-eðstaþelest þinne broðor.
Wycliffe: But if thi brother synneth ayens thee, go thou, and repreue hym, bitwixe thee and hym aloone; if he herith thee, thou hast wonnun thi brother.
Luther: Sündiget aber dein Bruder an dir, so gehe hin und strafe ihn zwischen dir und ihm allein. Höret er dich, so hast du deinen Bruder gewonnen.

2. Matthew 18:16
 All 
KJV: But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established.
Greek: εαν δε μη ακουση παραλαβε μετα σου ετι ενα η δυο ινα επι στοματος δυο μαρτυρων η τριων σταθη παν ρημα
Latin: si autem non te audierit adhibe tecum adhuc unum vel duos ut in ore duorum testium vel trium stet omne verbum
Wessex: Gyf he þe ne ge-hyrð. nym þanne gyt enne to þe oððe twegen. þaet aelc word stande on tweigre oððe on þreora ge-witnysse.
Wycliffe: And if he herith thee not, take with thee oon or tweyne, that euery word stonde in the mouth of tweyne or thre witnessis.
Spanish: Mas si no te oyere, toma aún contigo uno o dos, para que en boca de dos o tres testigos conste toda palabra.

3. Matthew 18:17
 All 
KJV: And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican.
Greek: εαν δε παρακουση αυτων ειπε ειπον τη εκκλησια εαν δε και της εκκλησιας παρακουση εστω σοι ωσπερ ο εθνικος και ο τελωνης
Latin: quod si non audierit eos dic ecclesiae si autem et ecclesiam non audierit sit tibi sicut ethnicus et publicanus
Wycliffe: And if he herith not hem, seie thou to the chirche. But if he herith not the chirche, be he as an hethen and a pupplican to thee.

4. Matthew 18:1 Greatest and least in the kingdom
Verse routeMatthew 18:1 At the same time came the disciples unto Jesus, saying, Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven? [kjv]
Verse routeεν εκεινη τη ωρα προσηλθον οι μαθηται τω ιησου λεγοντες τις αρα μειζων εστιν εν τη βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]

Who is "greatest"? Who is "least"?
Greater than sign Less than sign
Both orgs 1 Org tree 2
Since chapter 17 is concerned with "greatness" and chapter 18 starts with the question to Jesus of who is "greatest", the question might have been motivated by chapter 17 and then that idea follows through with everything Jesus says in finishing this discourse in chapter 18.
In modern times, the "great" are ofter called the "elite".

Information sign More: Nothing has been found more effective than this
Information sign More: Greater than the greatest
Information sign More: Matthew 20:20-34 Mother left the right idea
Information sign More: Matthew 18:1 Greatest and least in the kingdom

5. Matthew 18:15-17 Verses with Greek
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]
Verse route18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε μη ακουση παραλαβε μετα σου ετι ενα η δυο ινα επι στοματος δυο μαρτυρων η τριων σταθη παν ρημα [gnt]
Verse route18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε παρακουση αυτων ειπον τη εκκλησια εαν δε και της εκκλησιας παρακουση εστω σοι ωσπερ ο εθνικος και ο τελωνης [gnt]


6. Matthew 18:15-17 Conflicting and faulty resolutions
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse route18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [kjv]
Verse route18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. [kjv]

Whenever there is a group of humans in close proximity, there will be conflict. In any distributed system, whether human or machine, there should be a conflict resolution protocol.

Jesus presents a fault tolerant conflict resolution protocol for groups of believers. The world has taken the opposite approach to conflict resolution within organizations.

The "against thee" and "his fault" were added in the TR (Textus Receptus). Omitting these words puts what Jesus says in line with the Lord's Prayer and the following verses on church conflict. Including them creates some logical continuity issues.

7. Relationships and associations
one to one many to one one to many many to many

A one-to-many is handled in the same way as a many-to-one (only from the other direction).

8. Connection scalability and conflict
 ▶ 
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 2 
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In any distributed system, the number of connections grows as the square of the number of nodes (e.g., people).

As the system (of members and groups) grows, there will invariably be conflict (between people) or errors (between system components). Fundamental rules: There needs to be some conflict resolution protocol between/among processes.

Information sign More: Scalability and conflict

9. Computer systems
In computer systems, there needs to be a way to help detect errors and reach consensus. This was done in the Space Shuttle system. A problem developed to understand this is called the "Byzantine Generals problem".

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


10. People systems
Likewise, in any distributed system of people there needs to be some resolution conflict protocol. In civil and criminal matters (in a democracy), this is usually a court system.

The church as a gathering of believers needs a resolution conflict protocol. Jesus appears to provide some if this in this and other discourses relating to the church as a gathering of believers.

11. Matthew 18:15 No fault
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

Actions
The KJV (King James Version) adds "against thee" which is not in (some) Greek manuscripts and adds "his fault" as inferred. The definition of "trespass" or "sin" as being a "fault" depends on point of view. We will assume that the advice for "brother" is the same as for "sister" within the church as a gathering of believers.


Information sign More: Matthew 6: 14-15: Forget about the debts, sins and trespasses

12. Matthew 11:15 Hearing test
Verse routeMatthew 11:15 He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. [kjv]
Verse routeο εχων ωτα ακουετω [gnt]

Eye cutout 3Gather the facts and get them right. This may not be easy. If you pluck out your "eyes", would you be able to "see"? If, by extension, you pluck out your "ears", would you be able to "hear"? This is an example of a many-to-one relationship or association.


Information sign More: Song: Open my eyes that I may see
Story:

13. Matthew 11:15

 All 
KJV: He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Greek: ο εχων ωτα ακουειν ακουετω
Latin: qui habet aures audiendi audiat
Wessex: se þe earan haebbe to geherene ge-hyre.
Wycliffe: He that hath eris of heryng, here he.
Tyndale: He yt hathe eares to heare let him heare.
Luther: Wer Ohren hat zu hören, der höre!

14. The hearing test
Coming home, I quietly opened the door. She was working quietly in the kitchen two rooms away. Just inside the door, I said softly, "Dear, can you hear me?".

No response. Just as I thought. A hearing issue.

15. The hearing test
I went to the next room and did the same thing again, softly. "Dear, can you hear me?".

No response. This is worse than I suspected. Now I had proof.

16. The hearing test
Finally, I got right outside the room she was in and said softly. "Dear, can you hear me?".

Finally, a response, as I heard her say, "For the third time, yes!".
As was said, gather the facts and get them right. This may not be easy.

17. User interfaces
The same types of issues arise in user interfaces in computer systems.

18. David
The prophet Nathan used a story to get David to see that he had sinned. Nathan told David about a rich shepherd who took a poor shepherds only sheep. David proclaimed judgment against that rich shepherd. Nathan than explained how, in analogy, David was that rich shepherd.

David thus pronounced a reflexive judgment on himself.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


19. Prophets
Prophets must be sensitive in delivering their prophecies - or forth telling.

Nathan was careful in dealing with David.

So too was Daniel when dealing with Nebuchadnezzar. Interestingly, the dream Daniel interpreted was not difficult to interpret but required courage to bring the bad news to the boss. So much so that the other dream interpreters claimed it was too hard for them to interpret.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


20. Debugging software
One of the difficult parts of developing and debugging software is that errors can happen it many levels.

21. Cars
Caution loose net behind steering wheelIt has been said that the biggest design fault in a car is often the "nut behind the wheel".

22. Kicking
If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn't sit for a month. Teddy Roosevelt (26th President of the United States)

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23. Three errors puzzle
Errors
What is not there may be important?

Consider this self-referential sentence that has real issues. First, find them. Then ask yourself the following question. How easy is it to fix them?

Information sign More: An errant look at Biblical inerrancy and infallibility

24. Matthew and John Trespass and sin
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

*G264 *44 ἁμαρτάνω (ham-ar-tan'-o) : perhaps from G1 (as a negative particle) and the base of G3313; properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e. (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin:--for your faults, offend, sin, trespass.
This discourse on conflict resolution is based on the perception of recognizing "sin". Discuss:
Verse route1 John 5:17 All unrighteousness is sin: and there is a sin not unto death. [kjv]
Verse routeπασα αδικια αμαρτια εστιν και εστιν αμαρτια ου προς θανατον [gnt]



Future topic Details are left as a future topic.



Information sign More: A martyred witness to a translation error

25. 1 John 5:17
   1 John 5:17 
 All 
KJV: All unrighteousness is sin: and there is a sin not unto death.
Greek: πασα αδικια αμαρτια εστιν και εστιν αμαρτια ου προς θανατον

26. Logical arguments
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

Verse routeJohn 8:46 Which of you convinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do ye not believe me? [kjv]
Verse routeτις εξ υμων ελεγχει με περι αμαρτιας ει αληθειαν λεγω δια τι υμεις ου πιστευετε μοι [gnt]
Verse routearguit … [v]

This is not just "tell"! The ancient Greek word "ἐλέγχω""disgrace, question, test" which is from the ancient Greek word "ἔλεγχος""refute, reproach" as in providing an argument of disproof. The Latin word "arguo""clarify, show, reprove, blame" and is the source of the English word "argument".
*G1651 *18 ἐλέγχω (el-eng'-kho) : of uncertain affinity; to confute, admonish:--convict, convince, tell a fault, rebuke, reprove.
It is from the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "HLENG""accuse, scold".

27. Strongs - reason with

28. Usage - reason with
*G1651 *18 ἐλέγχω (el-eng'-kho) : of uncertain affinity; to confute, admonish:--convict, convince, tell a fault, rebuke, reprove.
Word usage per chapter Words: ελεγξαι ελεγξει ελεγξον=2 ελεγχε=3 ελεγχειν ελεγχεται ελεγχετε=2 ελεγχθη ελεγχομενα ελεγχομενοι=2 ελεγχομενος=2 ελεγχω


29. Matthew 18:15 Refutations
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

Book: On Sophistic Refutations
The "refutation" in the work "Sophistic Refutations" by Aristotle uses this word for "logical reasoning". The ancient Greek title "Σοφιστικοί έλεγχοι""Sophistic Refutations".
Aristotle is concerned with using "good logical reasoning" to "refute" "bad logical reasoning" as in "deception", (deliberate or otherwise).

Information sign More: A reproof on the use of the word reproof
Information sign More: A reproof on the word rebuke

30. Matthew 18:15 Argument
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἐλέγχω""disgrace, question, test". The "tell" requires some type of logical reasoning or "convincing argument" as contrasted with "rebuke" or "accusations".

Logic


Information sign More: A reproof on the use of the word reproof
Information sign More: A reproof on the word rebuke

31. John 8:46
   John 8:46 
 All 
KJV: Which of you convinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do ye not believe me?
Greek: τις εξ υμων ελεγχει με περι αμαρτιας ει δε αληθειαν λεγω δια τι υμεις ου πιστευετε μοι
Latin: quis ex vobis arguit me de peccato si veritatem dico quare vos non creditis mihi
Wessex: Hwylch eower a-scuneð me for synne. Gif ich soð segge. hwy ne ge-lefe ge me.
Wycliffe: Who of you schal repreue me of synne? if Y sey treuthe, whi bileuen ye not to me?
Tyndale: Which of you can rebuke me of synne? If I saye ye trueth why do not ye beleve me?
Gothic: hvas izwara gasakith mik bi frawaurht? thande sunja qitha, duhve ni galaubeith mis?

32. Strongs - reprove

33. Matthew 18:15 Alone
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

The word "one" is not used as that has a special meaning in this (and some other) passages.

The ancient Greek word "μόνος""alone, solitary, only, unique" and is the source of the English words starting with "mono" such as "monotone", "monopoly", etc.

34. Matthew 18:15 Win-win but could be right or wrong
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "κέρδος""wiles, craftiness, desire for profit, advantage" and is an opposite of "ζημία""loss, damage, penalty".

This verse does not so much say that the first brother gained the other brother but, instead, says that these two brothers are in agreement as in a win-win situation as a commutative relationship without saying whether they are both correct or incorrect. Viewpoint is important.

CompromiseThe relationship here appears to be symmetric. This is not a asymmetric "win-lose" situation. It is a possible symmetric "win-win" situation. If in agreement, They have both gained or won.

35. Matthew 5:9 Division and unity
Chess pieces Compromise

Attributed to Augustine of Hippo (354-430), John Wesley (1702-1791), and others.

The danger, however, is that if a compromise is made to "make peace", it may not be in line with God's law, glory, opinion, righteousness, etc.
Verse routeMatthew 5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. [kjv]
Verse routeμακαριοι οι ειρηνοποιοι οτι αυτοι υιοι θεου κληθησονται [gnt]
Verse routeEadigesibsumegenemnde. [wes]
Verse routeSeligFriedfertigenheißen. [lu]

Discuss: Provide historical or contemporary examples of two (or more) sides agreeing to something that is not in line with the laws of God.

Information sign More: Matthew 5:9 Making and appeasing peaceful peacemakers

36. Matthew 5:9 Making and appeasing peaceful peacemakers
Verse routeMatthew 5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. [kjv]
Verse routeμακαριοι οι ειρηνοποιοι οτι αυτοι υιοι θεου κληθησονται [gnt]

Chess pieces

Is there any conscientious objection to continuing on the topic of making peace? Let us piece together some ideas.

These questions arise from Matthew 5:9 in the Beatitudes, given on a mountain to the disciples with both altitude and attitude. Is that right, dude?

Ambiguous request: Let me be an instrument of your peace.

Information sign More: Matthew 5:9 Making and appeasing peaceful peacemakers

37. Strongs - gain

38. Usage - gain
*G2770 *16 κερδαίνω (ker-dah'-ee-no) : from G2771; to gain (literally or figuratively):--(get) gain, win.
Word usage per chapter Words: εκερδησα=2 εκερδησας εκερδησεν κερδανω κερδηθησονται κερδησαι=2 κερδησας κερδηση κερδησομεν κερδησω=5


39. Matthew 18:15 Trespass and sin
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

ActionsThe word for "trespass" is the Greek word for "sin". The be "sinned" against requires that there be some clear definition of "sin". From the Greek word itself, this can be taken to be anything that is not a positive witness for God (and Jesus as God).
This verse does not say that the person is justified in taking the perceived or actual "trespass" or "sin" as being against God. The person may be "offended" in the sense of misinterpreting what has happened. That is the reason a logical discussion is needed.

If the two cannot logically resolve the situation, the situation is escalated to "fact-gathering".

Information sign More: Matthew 11:6: Idiomatic misinterpretations that offend

40. Matthew 18:15 Agreement
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

Agree 2
The TR adds the "against thee" which breaks the model. A "sin" is, literally, anything that is "not a witness". The Greek for "gained" means that the two are in "agreement" since they have "gained" each other in a win-win situation.

The verse says nothing about which side was "right" or "wrong".
In a simple analysis, looking at only one issue, there are four possibilities. Cases 2 and 3 are less likely.

Information sign More: A martyred witness to a translation error

41. Matthew 18:15 Agreement
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

Agree 2
There are two cases that are more likely in the case of "agreement" where each brother has "gained" the other brother in a win-win situation. Would a compromise in cases 2 and 3 be considered a win-win situation?

The verse says nothing about which side was "right" or "wrong".

42. Matthew 18:16 Witnesses
Verse routeMatthew 18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε μη ακουση παραλαβε μετα σου ετι ενα η δυο ινα επι στοματος δυο μαρτυρων η τριων σταθη παν ρημα [gnt]

The "hearing" is for understanding, as in "I hear you" meaning "I understand you".

This is a fact-gathering stage to see where someone "stands". No decision is to be made. The ancient Greek word "σταθμός""standing place". The modern Greek word "σταθμός" (stath-MOS) ≈ "station" as in a train station.

Every spoken word needs to be "established" or "documented". No collective decision is made. For fans of Monty Python's Flying Circus, this is not to be like the "Argument Clinic" sketch (featuring John Cleese and Michael Palin) where they argue for the sake of arguing as in a "meta argument".

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43. Matthew 18:5 Accept goes both ways
Verse routeMatthew 18:5 And whoso shall receive one such little child in my name receiveth me. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι ος εαν δεξηται εν παιδιον τοιουτο επι τω ονοματι μου εμε δεχεται [gnt]

Midst 2
This "little child" could be anyone. The most important "little child" is you (one cookie rule). You are that "one" "little child"! What happens if you as that "one" "little child" do not "receive" or "accept" "on" the "name" of Jesus? Including the "if" in the translation makes this correspondence more clear.
Paraphrase: And if you receive/accept, as a little child, on the name of me (Jesus), you receive/accept me (Jesus).

The "accept" or "receive" is used twice in a commutative or both ways relationship. That is, both of the two, Jesus and you, must "agree" for the relationship to be valid. Otherwise, it will not be completed or done. The two are "glued" together.

Information sign More: One cookie rule
Information sign More: Reflexive relationships in the Bible
Information sign More: Matthew 18:2-11 Great children trapped in the middle

44. Matthew 18:16 Mouths and witnesses
Verse routeMatthew 18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [kjv]

What it appears to say: on the (mouth of two) or (witnesses three). It appears to matter whether Jesus has been "received" or "accepted" (both ways) as a "little child" or "believer" (of any age) as to the number of witnesses.

Witness 4 Witness 4 Witness 4 Witness 4

Jesus counts as "one" other, "one" witness, but not as a "mouth".

The phrase of "every spoken word" is used in the "idle words" which relates to the "unpardonable sin".

Information sign More: Matthew 12:30-37 Pardon the idle word counting

45. Matthew 18:16 Mouths and witnesses
Verse routeMatthew 18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε μη ακουση παραλαβε μετα σου ετι ενα η δυο ινα επι στοματος δυο μαρτυρων η τριων σταθη παν ρημα [gnt]

English (Greek word order): If but not hearing-beyond taking after you yet one or two in order to on mouth two witnesses or three establish every spoken word.

It is well established in English that good food and drink does not mean good food and good drink. How might this verse be better understood?

46. Matthew Every spoken word
Verse routeMatthew 18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε μη ακουση παραλαβε μετα σου ετι ενα η δυο ινα επι στοματος δυο μαρτυρων η τριων σταθη παν ρημα [gnt]

Verse route12:36 But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. [kjv]
Verse routeλεγω δε υμιν οτι παν ρημα αργον ο λαλησουσιν οι ανθρωποι αποδωσουσιν περι αυτου λογον εν ημερα κρισεως [gnt]

The "every word" is the same Greek phrase used in "every idle word" in Matthew 12 and means "spoken words". The ancient Greek word "παν ῥημα""every spoken word". The KJV changes the Greek word order from "every word idle" to "every idle word".

Information sign More: Matthew 12:30-37 Pardon the idle word counting

47. Luke 1:37
Verse routeLuke 1:37 For with God nothing shall be impossible. [kjv]
Verse routeοτι ουκ αδυνατησει παρα του θεου παν ρημα [gnt]
Verse routeinpossibileomne verbum [v]
Verse routeaelch word … [wes]
Verse routeeuery word … [wy]
Verse routeainhun waurde. [got]
Verse routeвсяк глаголгол. [ocs]
Verse routeникакое слово. [rus]

Paraphrase: That (it is) not impossible (potentially possible) beyond every spoken word of God. (potentially possible means that it has not happened yet)

About the 16th c., the "every (spoken) word of God" disappeared. The "of God" was changed to "with God".

Before this, the following were used.

48. James 4:4 Enemies of God
Verse routeJames 4:4 Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God. [kjv]
Verse routeμοιχαλιδες ουκ οιδατε οτι η φιλια του κοσμου εχθρα του θεου εστιν ος εαν ουν βουληθη φιλος ειναι του κοσμου εχθρος του θεου καθισταται [gnt]

This appears to be a (not uncommon) converse logical error by James. The Greek phrase «του θεου» appears in 496 verses in the GNT (Greek New Testament). In 494 verses this is translated as "of God" or "of ... God" (with an adjective, etc.). There are only 2 places where this is translated "with god". These are translated as "with God" for reasons that are not clear.

Information sign More: Converse fallacy: If A then B does not mean If B then A
Information sign More: The Christian Hedonism fallacy

49. Strongs - with

50. Usage - with
*G4487 *65 ῥήμα (hray'-mah) : from G4483; an utterance (individually, collectively or specially),; by implication, a matter or topic (especially of narration, command or dispute); with a negative naught whatever:--+ evil, + nothing, saying, word.
Word usage per chapter Words: ρημα=22 ρημασιν ρηματα=26 ρηματι=5 ρηματος=6 ρηματων=6


51. Luke 1:37 Double negative with God
Verse routeLuke 1:37 For with God nothing shall be impossible. [kjv]
Verse routeοτι ουκ αδυνατησει παρα του θεου παν ρημα [gnt]

Luke 1:37
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G3754 1282 1282 οτι conjunction
G3756 1604 823 ουκ participle negative
G101 2 2 αδυνατησει verb future active indicative 3rd person singular
G3844 187 129 παρα preposition
G3588 19706 2480 του article genitive singular masculine
G2316 1305 683 θεου noun genitive singular masculine
G3956 1225 75 παν adjective nominative singular neuter
G4487 66 22 ρημα noun nominative singular neuter
Note the double negative of "not impossible" is translated as "nothing" and "impossible". It appears to be a fallacy that Greek always uses a double negative as emphasis.

Possible paraphrase (using all the words): that it is (potentially) possible according to every word of God

The KJV translates as "with God" what would appear to be "of God". It appears that the idiom excuse is used to make the text say what was decided it should say. In doing so, the Greek for "of" and for "spoken word" were removed sometime in the Middle Ages so that the Greek "of God every word" changed to "with God".

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.

52. Luke 1:37
   Luke 1:37 
 All 
KJV: For with God nothing shall be impossible.
Greek: οτι ουκ αδυνατησει παρα τω θεω του θεου παν ρημα
Latin: quia non erit inpossibile apud Deum omne verbum
Wessex: for-þy nis aelch word mid gode unmihte-lic.
Wycliffe: for euery word schal not be inpossible anentis God.
Tyndale: for wt god can nothinge be vnpossible.
Gothic: unte nist unmahteig guda ainhun waurde.
Luther: Denn bei Gott ist kein Ding unmöglich.
Slavonic: яко не изнеможет у Бога всяк глаголгол.
Russian: ибо у Бога не останется бессильным никакое слово.
Spanish: Porque con Dios nada será imposible.

53. Hear and listen
Play by earThe ancient Greek word "ἀκούω""hear" and assumes understanding of what is heard. It is the source of the English word words such as "acoustic" and is cognate with the English word "hear" and "harken". There are those who "hear" very well but may not "listen" well.
In English, there is a distinction between "hearing" (a sound) and "listening" (with understanding). In Greek, the assumption is that one hears with understanding. If not so, that needs to be added.

A legal "hearing" originated with the fact that such proceedings were oral in nature (and still are).

An "audit" was originally a person listening to the reading of the (e.g., business) records to verify that those records were in order.

54. Memories
This idea of a "hearing" and "auditing" hearkens back to a time (as stated by historical scientist James Burke) when the memories of old people were valued.

Verse routeMatthew 15:4 For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death. [kjv]
Verse routeο γαρ θεος ειπεν τιμα τον πατερα και την μητερα και ο κακολογων πατερα η μητερα θανατω τελευτατω [gnt]

Verse routeExodus 20:12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. [kjv]
Verse routeτιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα ινα ευ σοι γενηται και ινα μακροχρονιος γενη επι της γης της αγαθης ης κυριος ο θεος σου διδωσιν σοι [lxx]

This commandment is actually a transitive relation over time. By honoring your father and mother you are teaching, by example, your children to honor their mother and father - which is you.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


55. Matthew 15:4
   Matthew 15:4 
 All 
KJV: For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death.
Greek: ο γαρ θεος ενετειλατο λεγων ειπεν τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα και ο κακολογων πατερα η μητερα θανατω τελευτατω
Latin: nam Deus dixit honora patrem et matrem et qui maledixerit patri vel matri morte moriatur

56. Exodus 20:12
   Exodus 20:12 
 All 
KJV: Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
Hebrew: כבד את אביך ואת אמך למען יארכון ימיך על האדמה אשר יהוה אלהיך נתן לך׃
Greek: τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα ινα ευ σοι γενηται και ινα μακροχρονιος γενη επι της γης της αγαθης ης κυριος ο θεος σου διδωσιν σοι

57. Matthew and Mark Fail to listen
Verse routeMatthew 18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε παρακουση αυτων ειπον τη εκκλησια εαν δε και της εκκλησιας παρακουση εστω σοι ωσπερ ο εθνικος και ο τελωνης [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "παρακούω""hear incidentally, overhear, misunderstand, pay no heed".
Verse routeMark 5:36 As soon as Jesus heard the word that was spoken, he saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Be not afraid, only believe. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε ιησους παρακουσας τον λογον λαλουμενον λεγει τω αρχισυναγωγω μη φοβου μονον πιστευε [gnt]

Did Jesus "overhear" what was being said in Mark 5:26? Does the verse translation in Matthew 18:17 assume the church is correct?

58. Strongs - neglect to hear

59. Usage - neglect to hear
*G3878 *3 παρακούω (par-ak-oo'-o) : from G3844 and G191; to mishear, i.e. (by implication) to disobey:--neglect to hear.
Word usage per chapter Words: παρακουσας παρακουση=2

The ancient Greek word "παρακούω""hear incidentally, overhear, misunderstand, pay no heed".

Jesus points out that the prophets were killed as they "neglected to hear" or "paid no heed" to the king and/or the religious establishment (false prophets of the king). Anyone promoting the truth would "pay no heed" or "neglect to hear" any false reasoning.

60. Mark 5:36
   Mark 5:36 
 All 
KJV: As soon as Jesus heard the word that was spoken, he saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Be not afraid, only believe.
Greek: ο δε ιησους ευθεως ακουσας παρακουσας τον λογον λαλουμενον λεγει τω αρχισυναγωγω μη φοβου μονον πιστευε

61. Luke 11:47 Prophets
Verse routeLuke 11:47 Woe unto you! for ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. [kjv]
Verse routeουαι υμιν οτι οικοδομειτε τα μνημεια των προφητων οι δε πατερες υμων απεκτειναν αυτους [gnt]
Verse routewitegenaof-slogen [wes]

In the OT (Old Testament), the true prophets were always in the minority, often alone or in very small groups, while the false prophets were present on large groups, and had the support of both the leadership and of many of the people.

What happens when a wicked king and his false prophets use the above approach on a true prophet? Obviously any such approach did not work well and, as Jesus says, these true prophets were invariably killed.

The English marketing term "slogan" comes from the word for "slug". The Old English word "ofslogen""kill" as in the Wessex verse above. Marketing campaigns like to "slug" you with "slogans". Notice how the hard "g" in the Old English softened to a "y" (or absent) sound in the Middle English as "slowen".

62. Luke 11:47
   Luke 11:47 
 All 
KJV: Woe unto you! for ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and your fathers killed them.
Greek: ουαι υμιν οτι οικοδομειτε τα μνημεια των προφητων οι δε πατερες υμων απεκτειναν αυτους
Latin: vae vobis quia aedificatis monumenta prophetarum patres autem vestri occiderunt illos
Wessex: Wa eow þe timbrieð witegena byrigena; eowre faderes hyo of-slogen
Wycliffe: Wo to you, that bilden toumbis of profetis; and youre fadris slowen hem.

63. Matthew 18:17 Reaction
Verse routeMatthew 18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε παρακουση αυτων ειπον τη εκκλησια εαν δε και της εκκλησιας παρακουση εστω σοι ωσπερ ο εθνικος και ο τελωνης [gnt]

Let us go back to Matthew 18:17. Notice that there appears to be no mention of how that person should react. The only mention is that the person should "hear" as in "understand" what is being said.

Discussion question: Does the verse imply that the person needs to "repent" or take some action? Explain.

64. Step 0: No conflict
No conflictThe same symmetry is seen, for example, in the second kingdom parable of the wheat and the tares in Matthew 13.

Let us look at the above method in diagram from two perspectives.
The church is going along without any major issues.

Then some (inevitable) conflict happens.

65. Step 1: Conflict arises
ConflictJesus states the guidance without saying which of the two in conflict is "right" (whatever that means). Let us look at it both ways.
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]


Paraphrase 1: If you think than someone has done something wrong, go and work out the details with the other person. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved.

Resolving a conflict does not always mean that the compromise or resolution is satisfactory to God.

Discuss: Has it ever happened historically that the individual was correct and the organization was incorrect? Provide some examples.

66. Step 2: Gather the facts
Gather factsIn the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church established the number of witnesses needed for each level in the hierarchy of the church. They decided that there more witnesses were needed for a cardinal than for a lowly priest or monk.
Verse routeMatthew 18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [kjv]


Paraphrase 2: If the conflict has not been resolved, take two or three along to document the arguments on both sides. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved.

That third person may be a "trusted third party" trusted by both sides. The entire church does not need to know until this point.

Information sign More: Absolute power

67. Church of the Brethren
Some groups, such as the Church of the Brethren, have policies in place that, in effect, can bring in a "trusted third party" to listen to both sides and mediate the disagreement.
Another way is to appoint someone to act as "Devil's Advocate", written in capital letters as a title of position in the Catholic Church, to bring out points of view with which they may not necessarily agree but are points which may be important.

This may or may not be effective in any given situation.

68. Step 3: Tell everyone
Verse routeMatthew 18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. [kjv]

Tell everyoneAfter the facts have been gathered, no decision is made. If there is no agreement, everyone (in the church) should be told. Each person makes their individual decision, for better or worse. [gossip, reputation]
The "neglect to hear" means "pays no heed" and not "fails to listen" to what is said. A "bird" does not listen to others. A true prophet listens only to God. Either could be the "one". How does one disambiguate?

Paraphrase 3: If the conflict has not been resolved, let the church know. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved. If it is not worked out, then separate from that person/group. Discuss: Do the same rules apply for a group rather than an individual?

Information sign More: Matthew 13:24-30,36-43 Second kingdom parable: fault-tolerant approach to the toleration paradox
Information sign More: Matthew 7:6-12 The hunt for holy hounds

69. Conflict resolution paraphrase of Matthew 18:15-17
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 1 
 2 
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Paraphrase 1: If you think than someone has done something wrong, go and work out the details with the other person. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved.

Paraphrase 2: If the conflict has not been resolved, take two or three along to document the arguments on both sides. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved.

Paraphrase 3: If the conflict has not been resolved, let the church know. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved. If it is not worked out, then separate from that person/group.

70. Step 4: Make individual decisions
SeparateThe group has been effectively split, for better or worse.

It may not be clear which group is "right" and which group is "wrong".
Verse routeMatthew 18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. [kjv]

The separation arises from the equivalence relation "agrees that x is a sin" applied to pairs of individuals in the group.

Each group and/or individual may feel that they are right and continue in that manner. Notice that at no point is action to be taken against this person. The Lord reserves vengeance/recompense for himself (e.g., as the Avenger of Blood).

Information sign More: Equivalence relations: math

71. Discussion
Discussion question: Provide some examples throughout history whereby the church has inappropriately decided that a person or group has "sinned", usually against church rules, and action has been taken against that person or group when, in fact, the person or group appears to have been on a firmer Biblical foundation than the church.

Information sign More: A difference of opinion of a heretical group heresy

72. Matthew 18:17 Heathen and publicans
SeparateThe group may split more.
Verse routeMatthew 18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. [kjv]

Within the "gathering of believers" or "church" is a "fellowship of believers".

Interactions from inside to outside of the gathering of believers is that of "love your neighbor as yourself", even for "heathen" and/or "tax collectors".

73. Matthew 7:1-2 Separate and distance
Verse routeMatthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
Verse routeμη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
Verse route7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
Verse routeεν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε μετρηθησεται υμιν [gnt]

The KJV translates as "judge" the ancient Greek word"κρίνω""separate, distinguish" as in a "divide" or "separate" that results in a discrete "yes" or "no" answer such as "guilty" or "not guilty".

The ancient Greek word "μέτρον""measure" represents a continuous range of "distance" values.

Note that, as in computer science reasoning, if there is no "separation" then the "distance" is not important since the "distance" would be zero or nothing. One then need not even consider "distance". The same type of reasoning is in the following verses having to do with "twigs" or "motes" and "beams".

Information sign More: Matthew 7:1-2 Here comes the judge, but just barley

74. Parts of speech
Matthew 7:1
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G3361 1029 1021 μη participle negative
G2919 112 9 κρινετε verb present active imperative 2nd person plural
G2443 665 665 ινα conjunction
G3361 1029 1021 μη participle negative
G2919 112 3 κριθητε verb aorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural
Matthew 7:2
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G1722 2735 2735 εν preposition
G3739 1398 121 ω relative pronoun dative singular neuter
G1063 1033 1032 γαρ conjunction
G2917 27 2 κριματι noun dative singular neuter
G2919 112 9 κρινετε verb present active indicative 2nd person plural
G2919 112 1 κριθησεσθε verb future indicative passive 2nd person plural
G2532 8954 8954 και conjunction
G1722 2735 2735 εν preposition
G3739 1398 121 ω relative pronoun dative singular neuter
G3358 14 4 μετρω noun dative singular neuter
G3354 11 3 μετρειτε verb present active indicative 2nd person plural
G3354 11 2 μετρηθησεται verb future passive indicative 3rd person singular
G5210 1802 595 υμιν personal pronoun 2nd person dative plural
Many take the second person plural and apply the rule to each person in the group. The group connection from Matthew 18:15-17 appears to apply the rule to the groups. In the Matthew 18 context (not just these verses), the phrase "better together" can have negative consequences where "better apart" may fit better.

75. Blinding flash of the obvious
SeparateIn perhaps a "blinding flash of the obvious", the following connections to Matthew 7:1-2 are observed.
Verse routeMatthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
Verse route7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]

If you (plural, by implication group) "separate" as in "judge" then you (group) will be "separated" (discrete measure), for better or worse.
If you (plural, by implication group) "distance" yourself as in "measure", then you (group) will be "distanced" (continuous measure), for better or worse.

An important "separation" is that of separating oneself from the love of Christ.

Information sign More: Romans 8: Battle cry separation for the love of Christ (part 1)
Information sign More: Romans 8: Battle cry separation for the love of Christ (part 2)

76. Directed vs. undirected
Undirected graph Directed graph
undirected directed
both ways one way
separate judge
distance measure
The translations have gone from a balanced both way view to an unbalanced one way view.

Verse routeMatthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
Verse route7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]

Paraphrase: If you separate then you will be separated. For by whatever separation you separate, you will be separated. And by whatever distance you distance yourself, you will be distanced by that distance.

77. Matthew 7:1
   Matthew 7:1 
 All 
KJV: Judge not, that ye be not judged.
Greek: μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε

78. Matthew 7:2
   Matthew 7:2 
 All 
KJV: For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
Greek: εν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε αντιμετρηθησεται μετρηθησεται υμιν

79. Translation issues
Many translations of these verses make assumptions on "right" and "wrong" that create logical continuity issues with what Jesus said. Here is the NLT (New Living Translation).

If another believer sins against you, go privately and point out the offense. If the other person listens and confesses it, you have won that person back. Matthew 18:15

But if you are unsuccessful, take one or two others with you and go back again, so that everything you say may be confirmed by two or three witnesses. Matthew 18:16

If the person still refuses to listen, take your case to the church. Then if he or she won't accept the church's decision, treat that person as a pagan or a corrupt tax collector. Matthew 18:17

Discuss:

80. Shunning
Shunning or separation of groups is one non-violent way to resolve conflict. This appears to be recommended by Jesus.

81. Groups
What happens when, instead of a person and the church one has a larger group within the church. The Greek for a group within a group is a "heresy". Later, this word acquired a negative connotation.

Discussion question: Provide some examples throughout history whereby a church as a gathering of believers has disagreed on what constitutes "sin" and has, as a result, split into two (or more) groups. Provide some examples where this has not been a peaceful split.

Information sign More: A difference of opinion of a heretical group heresy

82. Method of the world
Manager-worker structure
The world, as in the people of the world, tends to go against whatever the Bible says.

Consider an abstraction of on organization consisting of managers and workers.

83. Worker resolution - not allowed
Worker resolution - not allowed
Conflict will invariably happen between workers and/or managers.

In the world, one gets into trouble if one tries the Bible conflict resolution method. In fact, one often gets into more trouble resolving using the above method than the person who was not doing what they were supposed to do, or who wronged you.

The only way to get into more trouble might be to bring to light any corruption or mismanagement in the organization itself.

84. Manager resolution - required
Manager resolution - required
Here is the method of the world. Discussion question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? Which method would work better in practice?

85. Comparison
 ▶ 
 + 
 - 
 1 Manager-worker structure 
 2 Worker resolution - not allowed 
 3 Manager resolution - required 

The general method of these verses by Jesus appears to be as follows. At no point does it appear to go to the top leader, or representative of the leader, of the organization. Why might that be the case?

Discuss: Do churches tend to use the Biblical approach or the worldly approach in dealing with conflict? Which method does your church use to resolve such conflicts?

86. Church conflict review
Consider two viewpoints of the same phenomena from Matthew 18:15-17.

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 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
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 7 

Discuss: Why is it important that no action be taken against the individual and why might such actions not have been included in the guidelines provided by Jesus?

Discuss: Do churches that have established a book of discipline, or something similar, violated what Jesus says in Matthew 18:15-17

Are we "better together"? Are we "better apart"? Jesus answers this question in the next verses. [Paul, Early Church Fathers, Catholic Church]

An issue with "division" without "action" is when the "gathering of believers" has stored up "treasure" on earth in terms of property, buildings, investments, etc. In any division, each side tends to want that "treasure".

87. Stupid questions
Book: Ask a stupid question

Have you ever heard a teacher say "there are no stupid questions"? Are there "stupid people who ask questions"?

In academia, a "stupid question" can be defined as a question asked by a student for which the answer has already been given or a question that does not relate to the current discussion, or both!
Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe. Albert Einstein's (Physicist)

Information sign More: Albert Einstein

88. Matthew 18:15 Question by Peter
Verse routeMatthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]

From what Jesus said in Matthew 6 in the Lord's Prayer as "debts" and "trespasses" and in the verses after as "stupid things", there is no limit placed on the number of times one should "forgive" or "let go" in situations much more inclusive than just "sin" or "trespass" that are "against me"!

These verses have to do with church conflict.

Information sign More: Matthew 6: 14-15: Forget about the debts, sins and trespasses

89. Matthew 18:21 Question by Peter
Verse routeMatthew 18:21 Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? [kjv]
Verse routeτοτε προσελθων ο πετρος ειπεν αυτω κυριε ποσακις αμαρτησει εις εμε ο αδελφος μου και αφησω αυτω εως επτακις [gnt]

The words used by Jesus in verse 15 (third person) and the words used by Peter in verse 21 (first person) are the same except Peter adds "against me". Both here and in chapter 6 what Jesus says subsumes "against me". Discuss:

90. Matthew 18:21
 All 
KJV: Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?
Greek: τοτε προσελθων αυτω ο πετρος ειπεν αυτω κυριε ποσακις αμαρτησει εις εμε ο αδελφος μου και αφησω αυτω εως επτακις

91. Matthew 13:24-30,36-43 Second kingdom parable: fault-tolerant approach to the toleration paradox
The parable of the wheat and the tares provides a fault tolerant and realistic approach to the tolerance paradox which, as a simple form of the Russell Paradox, has no logical solution but occurs often in society.

Parable: (encoded)
Verse routeMatthew 13:28 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εφη αυτοις εχθρος ανθρωπος τουτο εποιησεν οι δε αυτω λεγουσιν θελεις ουν απελθοντες συλλεξωμεν αυτα [gnt]
Verse route13:29 But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε φησιν ου μηποτε συλλεγοντες τα ζιζανια εκριζωσητε αμα αυτοις τον σιτον [gnt]
Verse routezizaniatriticum [v]

Explained: (decoded)
Verse route13:39 The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εχθρος ο σπειρας αυτα εστιν ο διαβολος ο δε θερισμος συντελεια αιωνος εστιν οι δε θερισται αγγελοι εισιν [gnt]



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