Gnashing of the teeth

The "idiom" of "gnashing of the teeth" appears in the Bible. This phrase appears 9 times in the GNT (Greek New Testament) and 5 times in the LXX (Septuagint). In the LXX the phrase appears to be related to "anger" against someone else.
The English word "gnashing" does not quite express the idea (unless one uses a hard "g" sound), but the ancient Greek word "βρυγμος" ≈ "gnash". The modern Greek word "βρύγμος" (VREE-gmos) ≈ "gnash". Try saying it a few times - fast. The modern Greek word for tooth is "δόντι" (THON-tee) ≈ "tooth" from which we get the English word "dental" and "orthodontist".

The phrase appears to have a more restricted meaning when used by Jesus in the GNT in that it appears to be "anger" against oneself as in "regret" in a counterfactual sense. This is in a similar sense of how Jesus use the word "offend" as "entrap" in the sense of "misinterpret".

It appears that the phrase "gnashing of teeth" has to do with someone who "thought" they were correct but gets surprised. This idea appears on the narrow and wide gates, the parable of the sheep and goats, etc. Let us investigate.

[gristmills]

More: Matthew 11:6: Idiomatic misinterpretations that offend

Matthew 13:50 And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

… gristbyting. [wes]

… gryntyng … teeth. [wy]

… gnasshynge … teth. [ty]

… Zähneklappen … [lu]

The English word "grist" is "grain" to be "ground" in a "mill".

A "gristmill" is a "mill" that "grinds" "grain". A web site with many photos of "gristmills" is at https://millpictures.com. (as of 2024-12-09)

Matthew 13:50

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KJV: And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.

Greek: και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

Wessex: & a-wurpeð hyo on þas feres ofen. þaer byð wop & toke (sic) gristbyting.

Wycliffe: And thei shulen sende hem in to the chymnei of fier; ther shal be weping and gryntyng of teeth.

Tyndale: and shall cast them into a furnes of fyre: there shalbe waylinge and gnasshynge of teth.

Luther: und werden sie in den Feuerofen werfen; da wird Heulen und Zähneklappen sein.

*G1030 *7 βρυγμός (broog-mos') : from G1031; a grating (of the teeth):--gnashing.

Usage

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βρυγμος *7

Matthew 8:12 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:42 ... shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:50 ... shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 22:13 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 24:51 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 25:30 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Luke 13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see ...

Words: βρυγμος=7

*G1030 *7 βρυγμός (broog-mos') : from G1031; a grating (of the teeth):--gnashing.

The hymn "Crown Him with many crowns" is a favorite hymn of dentists.

I need to tell you this due to "tooth in advertising" laws.

More: Song: Crown Him with many crowns

2 Chronicles 9:21 For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. [kjv]

οτι ναυς τω βασιλει επορευετο εις θαρσις μετα των παιδων χιραμ απαξ δια τριων ετων ηρχετο πλοια εκ θαρσις τω βασιλει γεμοντα χρυσιου και αργυριου και οδοντων ελεφαντινων και πιθηκων [lxx]

The modern Greek word "ελεφαντόδοντο" (eh-leh-fan-TO-thon-to) ≈ "ivory", as in the above verse, is, literally, "elephant tooth". Yes, elephants are mentioned in the Bible but only in terms of their ivory.
The modern Greek word "ελέφαντας" (eh-LEH-fan-tas) ≈ "elephant".
The modern Greek word "δόντι" (THON-tee) ≈ "tooth", from which we get "dental".
The modern Greek word "δόντια" (THON-tee-a) ≈ "teeth".
The modern Greek word "πίθηκος" (PEE-thee-kos) ≈ "ape", as in the above verse.

2 Chronicles 9:21

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KJV: For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.

Hebrew: כי אניות למלך הלכות תרשיש עם עבדי חורם אחת לשלוש שנים תבואנה אניות תרשיש נשאות זהב וכסף שנהבים וקופים ותוכיים׃

Greek: οτι ναυς τω βασιλει επορευετο εις θαρσις μετα των παιδων χιραμ απαξ δια τριων ετων ηρχετο πλοια εκ θαρσις τω βασιλει γεμοντα χρυσιου και αργυριου και οδοντων ελεφαντινων και πιθηκων

1 Corinthians 15:55 O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? [kjv]

που σου θανατε το νικος που σου θανατε το κεντρον [gnt]

The sting of the scorpion might be compared to the "sting of death" referred to by Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:55-56.
When stung by a scorpion, the pain does not happen immediately but is somewhat delayed. Thus the element of delayed surprise. This may be intended in places where there is an after-the-fact wailing and gnashing of teeth.

More: A scatter-brained approach to the sting of a scorpion

There are three verses in the LXX that use the idiom "teeth on edge" which appears to be associated with being "annoyed". All are paired with "sour grapes".

Jeremiah 31:29 In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge. [kjv]

εν ταις ημεραις εκειναις ου μη ειπωσιν οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων ημωδιασαν [lxx]

31:30 But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge. [kjv]

αλλ η εκαστος εν τη εαυτου αμαρτια αποθανειται και του φαγοντος τον ομφακα αιμωδιασουσιν οι οδοντες αυτου [lxx]

Ezekiel 18:2 What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge? [kjv]

υιε ανθρωπου τι υμιν η παραβολη αυτη εν τοις υιοις ισραηλ λεγοντες οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων εγομφιασαν [lxx]

Details are left as a future topic.

Jeremiah 31:29

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KJV: In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge.

Hebrew: בימים ההם לא יאמרו עוד אבות אכלו בסר ושני בנים תקהינה׃

Greek: εν ταις ημεραις εκειναις ου μη ειπωσιν οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων ημωδιασαν

Jeremiah 31:30

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KJV: But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge.

Hebrew: כי אם איש בעונו ימות כל האדם האכל הבסר תקהינה שניו׃

Greek: αλλ η εκαστος εν τη εαυτου αμαρτια αποθανειται και του φαγοντος τον ομφακα αιμωδιασουσιν οι οδοντες αυτου

Ezekiel 18:2

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KJV: What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?

Hebrew: מה לכם אתם משלים את המשל הזה על אדמת ישראל לאמר אבות יאכלו בסר ושני הבנים תקהינה׃

Greek: υιε ανθρωπου τι υμιν η παραβολη αυτη εν τοις υιοις ισραηλ λεγοντες οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων εγομφιασαν

The phrase "gnashing of teeth" appears 5 times in the LXX, 3 times in Psalms, and appears to represent general "anger", "rage" and/or "hatred".

Job 16:9 He teareth me in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me. [kjv]

οργη χρησαμενος κατεβαλεν με εβρυξεν επ εμε τους οδοντας βελη πειρατων αυτου επ εμοι επεσεν [lxx]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Job 16:9

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KJV: He teareth me in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me.

Hebrew: אפו טרף וישטמני חרק עלי בשניו צרי ילטוש עיניו לי׃

Greek: οργη χρησαμενος κατεβαλεν με εβρυξεν επ εμε τους οδοντας βελη πειρατων αυτου επ εμοι επεσεν

Psalms 35:16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth. [kjv]

επειρασαν με εξεμυκτηρισαν με μυκτηρισμον εβρυξαν επ εμε τους οδοντας αυτων [lxx]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Psalms 35:16

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KJV: With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.

Hebrew: בחנפי לעגי מעוג חרק עלי שנימו׃

Greek: επειρασαν με εξεμυκτηρισαν με μυκτηρισμον εβρυξαν επ εμε τους οδοντας αυτων

Psalms 37:12 The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth. [kjv]

παρατηρησεται ο αμαρτωλος τον δικαιον και βρυξει επ αυτον τους οδοντας αυτου [lxx]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Psalms 37:12

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KJV: The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth.

Hebrew: זמם רשע לצדיק וחרק עליו שניו׃

Greek: παρατηρησεται ο αμαρτωλος τον δικαιον και βρυξει επ αυτον τους οδοντας αυτου

Psalms 112:10 The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish. [kjv]

αμαρτωλος οψεται και οργισθησεται τους οδοντας αυτου βρυξει και τακησεται επιθυμια αμαρτωλων απολειται [lxx]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Psalms 112:10

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KJV: The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish.

Hebrew: רשע יראה וכעס שניו יחרק ונמס תאות רשעים תאבד׃

Greek: αμαρτωλος οψεται και οργισθησεται τους οδοντας αυτου βρυξει και τακησεται επιθυμια αμαρτωλων απολειται

Lamentations 2:16 All thine enemies have opened their mouth against thee: they hiss and gnash the teeth: they say, We have swallowed her up: certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it. [kjv]

διηνοιξαν επι σε στομα αυτων παντες οι εχθροι σου εσυρισαν και εβρυξαν οδοντας ειπαν κατεπιομεν αυτην πλην αυτη η ημερα ην προσεδοκωμεν ευρομεν αυτην ειδομεν [lxx]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Lamentations 2:16

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KJV: All thine enemies have opened their mouth against thee: they hiss and gnash the teeth: they say, We have swallowed her up: certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it.

Hebrew: פצו עליך פיהם כל אויביך שרקו ויחרקו שן אמרו בלענו אך זה היום שקוינהו מצאנו ראינו׃

Greek: διηνοιξαν επι σε στομα αυτων παντες οι εχθροι σου εσυρισαν και εβρυξαν οδοντας ειπαν κατεπιομεν αυτην πλην αυτη η ημερα ην προσεδοκωμεν ευρομεν αυτην ειδομεν

The phrase "gnashing of teeth" appears 9 times in the GNT.

Once in Acts.
Once in Mark but using o different Greek word.
Six times in Matthew, all by Jesus.
Once in Luke mirroring one of the verses in Matthew.

In Matthew, Jesus uses the same combined phrase "weeping and gnashing of teeth".

Matthew 2:17 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, saying, [kjv]

τοτε επληρωθη το ρηθεν δια ιερεμιου του προφητου λεγοντος [gnt]

2:18 In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not. [kjv]

φωνη εν ραμα ηκουσθη κλαυθμος και οδυρμος πολυς ραχηλ κλαιουσα τα τεκνα αυτης και ουκ ηθελεν παρακληθηναι οτι ουκ εισιν [gnt]

The Greek word translated as "comforted" is that of "beyond calling".

Matthew 2:18 In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not. [kjv]

Rama was one of the departure points for those deported to Babylon, the last place where mothers might see their sons.

For many, this exile was their new home. Most settled there and never returned. Eventually, everyone needs to depart this world.

[peaceful exportation - Daniel, friends, etc.]
[less peaceful exportation - general population]
[70 years, many never returned, Hebrew to Aramaic, Bethlehem of Ephrata]

For many, this exile was their new home. Most settled there and never returned.

More: Matthew 2:12-23 Flight to and return from Egypt

Matthew 2:18 In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not. [kjv]

The exact Greek word Jesus used for "weeping" is only used elsewhere in Matthew in describing the aftermath of Herod's destruction of the small children in Bethlehem an attempt to destroy the baby Jesus.

Rama was the departure point for the children, such as Daniel and friends, taken to Babylon about 605 BC. The mother's knew they would never see their children again.

*G2805 *9 κλαυθμός (klowth-mos') : from G2799; lamentation:--wailing, weeping, X wept.

Usage

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κλαυθμος *9

Matthew 2:18 ... heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, ...
Matthew 8:12 ... darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:42 ... of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:50 ... of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 22:13 ... darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 24:51 ... the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 25:30 ... darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Luke 13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, ...
Acts 20:37 And they all wept sore, and fell on ...

Words: κλαυθμος=9

*G2805 *9 κλαυθμός (klowth-mos') : from G2799; lamentation:--wailing, weeping, X wept.

Acts 7:54 When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth. [kjv]

ακουοντες δε ταυτα διεπριοντο ταις καρδιαις αυτων και εβρυχον τους οδοντας επ αυτον [gnt]

This verse describes the reaction of the religious establishment after hearing what Stephen had to say. Steven had a four-part analogy of the form "A" is to "B" as "C" is to "D". They see where he is going and stop him after "C". He is then stoned to death while Saul, later Paul, holds the garments of those doing the stoning.

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Acts 7:54

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KJV: When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.

Greek: ακουοντες δε ταυτα διεπριοντο ταις καρδιαις αυτων και εβρυχον τους οδοντας επ αυτον

Mark 9:18 And wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him out; and they could not. [kjv]

και οπου εαν αυτον καταλαβη ρησσει αυτον και αφριζει και τριζει τους οδοντας και ξηραινεται και ειπα τοις μαθηταις σου ινα αυτο εκβαλωσιν και ουκ ισχυσαν [gnt]

This verse does not use the idiom for "gnashing of teeth". Rather, it is a "grinding of teeth" in a literal sense.

Mark 9:18

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KJV: And wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him out; and they could not.

Greek: και οπου αν εαν αυτον καταλαβη ρησσει αυτον και αφριζει και τριζει τους οδοντας αυτου και ξηραινεται και ειπον ειπα τοις μαθηταις σου ινα αυτο εκβαλωσιν και ουκ ισχυσαν

Jesus says this after talking to the Roman Centurion who has great faith. Who are the "children of the kingdom" to which Jesus is referring?

Matthew 8:11 And I say unto you, That many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]

8:12 But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

οι δε υιοι της βασιλειας εκβληθησονται εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Matthew 8:11

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KJV: And I say unto you, That many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.

Greek: λεγω δε υμιν οτι πολλοι απο ανατολων και δυσμων ηξουσιν και ανακλιθησονται μετα αβρααμ και ισαακ και ιακωβ εν τη βασιλεια των ουρανων

Matthew 8:12

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KJV: But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Greek: οι δε υιοι της βασιλειας εκβληθησονται εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

Matthew 13:42 And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

To which of the following might "gnashing of teeth" apply?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry.
Those who realize that they misinterpreted what was said.

More: Matthew 13:24-30,36-43 Second kingdom parable: fault-tolerant approach to the toleration paradox

Matthew 13:42

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KJV: And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.

Greek: και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

Here is the end of the last of the Kingdom Parables in Matthew 13.

Matthew 13:49 So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just, [kjv]

13:50 And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

… gristbyting. [wes]

… gryntyng … teeth. [wy]

… gnasshynge … teth. [ty]

… Zähneklappen … [lu]

13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Matthew 13:49

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KJV: So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just,

Greek: ουτως εσται εν τη συντελεια του αιωνος εξελευσονται οι αγγελοι και αφοριουσιν τους πονηρους εκ μεσου των δικαιων

Matthew 13:50

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KJV: And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.

Greek: και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

Matthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]

συνηκατε ταυτα παντα λεγουσιν αυτω ναι [gnt]

Immediately after the last of the seven parables, as a good teacher does, Jesus (teacher) asks his disciples (students) a question. Student to teacher:

Is this going to be on the test?
When you said it was not going to be on the test, I stopped listening. (even if the teacher then says it would be on the test)

Note the use of "all these things" in the question. This means "all the parables" including those not explained.

Like many men (and some women), the disciples say they understand, not wanting to ask for directions (or more information). It would have been nice if Jesus had explained the other parables.

It appears that Jesus comes back in Revelation to supply some of the code word meanings for some nouns in the kingdom parables such as "merchant man", "pearl", etc.

More: Matthew 13:45-46 Sixth kingdom parable: pearl of great price

Matthew 13:51

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KJV: Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord.

Greek: λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους συνηκατε συνηκατε ταυτα παντα λεγουσιν αυτω ναι κυριε

Matthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]

συνηκατε ταυτα παντα λεγουσιν αυτω ναι [gnt]

Amazon Echo is a listening and speaking device, with the Alexa (female) voice, that listens to commands and then does Internet searches, purchases, etc., and responds as if talking to a real person.
Some people worry about security and privacy since Alexa is always listening to what is said.

Why did Amazon use Alexa as a female personality?

They tried a male personality, Alex, but he did not listen to anything.

Matthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]

συνηκατε ταυτα παντα λεγουσιν αυτω ναι [gnt]

Man to wife: No, you're wrong... It doesn't even go in one ear!

hearing
listening

Mother to (three) sons: You can all hear just fine, but you don't listen.

[German voice for GPS (Global Positioning System) map directions]

This is the end for those without proper garments in the Parable of the Wedding Feast.

Matthew 22:12 And he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he was speechless. [kjv]

22:13 Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

22:14 For many are called, but few are chosen. [kjv]

The joke for some denominational churches is "many are cold, a few are frozen".

Matthew 22:13 Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

τοτε ο βασιλευς ειπεν τοις διακονοις δησαντες αυτου ποδας και χειρας εκβαλετε αυτον εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

More: Matthew 22:1-14 Parable of the wedding feast

The end is not good for some at the end of the Parable of the Bad Servants when the Owner returns.

Matthew 24:50 The lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of, [kjv]

24:51 And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και διχοτομησει αυτον και το μερος αυτου μετα των υποκριτων θησει εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

The Greek for "hypocrite" meant an "actor" who was "pretending".

More: An actor as a hypocrite is not real

Matthew 24:50

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KJV: The lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of,

Greek: ηξει ο κυριος του δουλου εκεινου εν ημερα η ου προσδοκα και εν ωρα η ου γινωσκει

Matthew 24:51

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KJV: And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Greek: και διχοτομησει αυτον και το μερος αυτου μετα των υποκριτων θησει εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

This is the end of the Parable of the Talents.

Matthew 25:28 Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents. [kjv]

25:29 For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath. [kjv]

25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και τον αχρειον δουλον εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

This parable does not heard much in churches with socialist leanings since the individual is important in the parable and not the community.

This is not a "better together" situation.

Matthew 25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και τον αχρειον δουλον εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Matthew 25:28

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KJV: Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents.

Greek: αρατε ουν απ αυτου το ταλαντον και δοτε τω εχοντι τα δεκα ταλαντα

Matthew 25:29

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KJV: For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.

Greek: τω γαρ εχοντι παντι δοθησεται και περισσευθησεται απο δε του δε μη εχοντος και ο εχει αρθησεται απ αυτου

Matthew 25:30

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KJV: And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Greek: και τον αχρειον δουλον εκβαλλετε εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

Luke repeats, in shortened form, the parable of the sheep and goats. Here is the final part.

Luke 13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out. [kjv]

εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων οταν οψησθε αβρααμ και ισαακ και ιακωβ και παντας τους προφητας εν τη βασιλεια του θεου υμας δε εκβαλλομενους εξω [gnt]

… stridor dentium … [v]

Which meanings of "gnashing of teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry or who hate.
Those who thought they were doing right.
Those who have regret over what they did or did not do.

Some are surprised they are cast out. Others are surprised they are not cast out.

Luke 13:28

All

KJV: There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out.

Greek: εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων οταν οψησθε αβρααμ και ισαακ και ιακωβ και παντας τους προφητας εν τη βασιλεια του θεου υμας δε εκβαλλομενους εξω

Latin: ibi erit fletus et stridor dentium cum videritis Abraham et Isaac et Iacob et omnes prophetas in regno Dei vos autem expelli foras

Counter-factual reasoning, or logic, is reasoning that is "counter to fact" and is one of the basic ways in which humans reason and is part of the field called "casual reasoning". This reasoning is often done after-the-fact in the sense of a "Monday morning quarterback".

Famous computer scientist Judea Pearl has pointed out that God never deals in counterfactual logic. What is the first instance of counterfactual logic being used in the Bible? (provided by Judea Pearl in one of his books).

More: Judea Pearl

More: Profitable and expedient counterfactual logic