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Matthew 13:24-30,36-43 Second kingdom parable: fault-tolerant approach to the toleration paradox
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. Matthew 13:24-30,36-43 Second kingdom parable: fault-tolerant approach to the toleration paradox

2. Bertrand Russell
Warning Warning
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) was a famous mathematician and humanist/socialist. The Russell Paradox (1901), a fundamental paradox in logic. is named after him. The Russell Paradox appears in reality in many forms.
It is interesting when people are pressed to reconcile, say, the toleration paradox, with ideas such as, say, inclusiveness, they fall back on the type system of Russell that did not resolve the logical issue. The only solution appears to be to give up on actual logic but pretend to be using logic.

Information sign More: Bertrand Russell
Information sign More: Paradox lost: a way to tolerate paradise

3. Short forms
Some short forms of the Russell Paradox are the following.
There is no resolution of the Russell paradox in logic.

Information sign More: Paradox lost: a way to tolerate paradise

4. Matthew 13:24-30,36-43 Second kingdom parable: fault-tolerant approach to the toleration paradox
The parable of the wheat and the tares provides a fault tolerant and realistic approach to the tolerance paradox which, as a simple form of the Russell Paradox, has no logical solution but occurs often in society.

Parable: (encoded)
Verse routeMatthew 13:28 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εφη αυτοις εχθρος ανθρωπος τουτο εποιησεν οι δε αυτω λεγουσιν θελεις ουν απελθοντες συλλεξωμεν αυτα [gnt]
Verse route13:29 But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε φησιν ου μηποτε συλλεγοντες τα ζιζανια εκριζωσητε αμα αυτοις τον σιτον [gnt]
Verse routezizaniatriticum [v]

Explained: (decoded)
Verse route13:39 The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εχθρος ο σπειρας αυτα εστιν ο διαβολος ο δε θερισμος συντελεια αιωνος εστιν οι δε θερισται αγγελοι εισιν [gnt]


5. Fault-tolerant computing concepts
Fault tolerance is important in distributed systems and in organizations.

Redundancy can be used to detect and correct errors (discrepancies).
An understanding of FTC (Fault Tolerant Computing) techniques is important in understanding the differences in various Bible texts.

The key to fault tolerance is redundancy. The simplest model is to use redundancy and take a majority vote of the various ways. There are many more advanced methods not discussed here.

Information sign More: Fault-tolerant computing concepts

6. Fruit of the grass
Verse routeJohn 12:24 Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit. [kjv]
Verse routeαμην αμην λεγω υμιν εαν μη ο κοκκος του σιτου πεσων εις την γην αποθανη αυτος μονος μενει εαν δε αποθανη πολυν καρπον φερει [gnt]
Verse routegranum frumentimortuum … [v]

Vertical wheatIn English, the word "fruit" can be used in terms of a plant producing something that can be eaten. In ancient times, even grass such as wheat produced "fruit" in the more general sense. The English word "flour" originated as a way to distinguish the "fruit" of the "grass" from a pretty "flower".

In English, the word "corn" originally had a meaning more like "kernel" as in a seed. The Latin word "granum""grain, kernel, seed" and is the source of the English word "grain".


Information sign More: Fruit of the harvest

7. John 12:24

   John 12:24 
 All 
KJV: Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.
Greek: αμην αμην λεγω υμιν εαν μη ο κοκκος του σιτου πεσων εις την γην αποθανη αυτος μονος μενει εαν δε αποθανη πολυν καρπον φερει
Latin: amen amen dico vobis nisi granum frumenti cadens in terram mortuum fuerit
Wessex: Soðlice ic segge eow þaet hwaetene corn wunað ane bute hit falle on eorðan & syo dead. Gyf hit dead byð hyt bringð mycele waestme.

8. John 15:4 Blade of fruit
Verse routeJohn 15:4 Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide in me. [kjv]
Verse routeμεινατε εν εμοι καγω εν υμιν καθως το κλημα ου δυναται καρπον φερειν αφ εαυτου εαν μη μενη εν τη αμπελω ουτως ουδε υμεις εαν μη εν εμοι μενητε [gnt]
Verse routefructum … [v]
Verse routeblede … [wes]
Verse routefruyt … [wy]
Verse routefrute … [ty]
Verse routeплода … [rus]

A word related to English "blade" or Middle English "blede" for "fruit" is the Russian word "плод" (plod) ≈ "fruit". Both are from the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "*PLEH""full, plenty".

Another word for fruit was the Middle English word "blede""fruit, flower" and is the source of the modern English word "blade" as in "blade of grass".

Information sign More: Fruit of the harvest

9. John 15:4

   John 15:4 
 All 
KJV: Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide in me.
Greek: μεινατε εν εμοι καγω εν υμιν καθως το κλημα ου δυναται καρπον φερειν αφ εαυτου εαν μη μεινη μενη εν τη αμπελω ουτως ουδε υμεις εαν μη εν εμοι μεινητε μενητε
Latin: manete in me et ego in vobis sicut palmes non potest ferre fructum a semet ipso nisi manserit in vite sic nec vos nisi in me manseritis
Wessex: wuniað on me & ic on eow. Swa swa twig ne maeg blede beran hyt self buton hyt wunige on wingearde. swa ge ne magen eac buton ge wunigan on me.
Wycliffe: Dwelle ye in me, and Y in you; as a braunche may not make fruyt of it silf, but it dwelle in the vyne, so nether ye, but ye dwelle in me.
Tyndale: Byde in me and let me byde in you. As ye braunche canot beare frute of it sylfe excepte it byde in the vyne: no more can ye excepte ye abyde in me.
Gothic: wisaith in mis jah ik in izwis. swe sa weinatains ni mag akran bairan af sis silbin, niba ist ana weinatriwa, swah nih jus, niba in mis sijuth.
Russian: Пребудьте во Мне, и Я в вас. Как ветвь не может приносить плода сама собою, если не будет на лозе: так и вы, если не будете во Мне.

10. Thistles
Verse routeGenesis 3:18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; [kjv]
Verse routeודרדר … [he]
Verse routeακανθας και τριβολους ανατελει σοι και φαγη τον χορτον του αγρου [lxx]
Verse routespinastribulos … [v]
Verse routeDornenDisteln … [lu]

Vertical thorn Vertical thistle
This idea of "thorns" and "thistles" originates in the curse in Genesis in the Garden of Eden.

ודרדר - and thistles The Hebrew word "ודרדר" (wa-dar-dar) ≈ "and thistles".



Information sign More: An unworldly thorny issue that is for the pigeon birds
Information sign More: Matthew 13: A pointed discussion of thorny riches
Information sign More: Matthew 13: A pointed discussion of thorny riches

11. Tares and thistles
Verse routeGenesis 3:18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; [kjv]
Verse routeודרדר … [he]
Verse routeακανθας και τριβολους ανατελει σοι και φαγη τον χορτον του αγρου [lxx]
Verse routespinastribulos … [v]

Tare and tare
Tares or weeds or thistles can look pretty at a distance, but close up are not so nice and have no useful fruit. Rye-grass may look nice on a lawn, but, again, has no useful fruit. For illustration purposes, a thistle graphic will be used.

12. Genesis 3:18
   Genesis 3:18 
 All 
KJV: Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;
Hebrew: וקוץ ודרדר תצמיח לך ואכלת את עשב השדה׃
Greek: ακανθας και τριβολους ανατελει σοι και φαγη τον χορτον του αγρου
Latin: spinas et tribulos germinabit tibi et comedes herbas terrae
Wycliffe: it schal brynge forth thornes and breris to thee, and thou schalt ete eerbis of the erthe;
Luther: Dornen und Disteln soll er dir tragen, und sollst das Kraut auf dem Felde essen.
Spanish: espinos y cardos te producirá, y comerás plantas del campo.
Portuguese: Produzir-te-á espinhos e abrolhos, e comerás a erva dos campos.

13. Rye-grass
Verse routeGenesis 3:18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; [kjv]
Verse routeודרדר … [he]
Verse routeMatthew 13:29 But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε φησιν ου μηποτε συλλεγοντες τα ζιζανια εκριζωσητε αμα αυτοις τον σιτον [gnt]
Verse routezizaniatriticum [v]

The Latin word "zizanium""darnel, tare, cockle" comes from the ancient Greek word "ζιζάνιον""darnel, rye-grass" which comes from the Semitic Aramaic, Hebrew, etc. It is interesting that the word for "thistle" in the OT (Old Testament) and in the GNT (Greek New Testament) have unknown origins but appear to have sounded similar when spoken. Is there a connection?
*G2215 *8 ζιζάνιον (dziz-an'-ee-on) : of uncertain origin; darnel or false grain:--tares.
*H1863 דַּרדַּר (dar-dar') : of uncertain derivation; a thorn:--thistle.

14. Strongs - tares

15. Strongs - thistles

16. Parable of the wheat and the tares
Here are the verses from the parable of the wheat and the tares from the Kingdom Parables in Matthew 13. There are two parts. The code is meant to keep some from understanding so that Jesus, by definition, is speaking in a secret code.

Information sign More: Parables and secret codes used and explained by Jesus
Information sign More: Matthew 13:51-53 Eighth kingdom parable: treasure of new and old codes

17. Matthew 13:24-25
Verse routeMatthew 13:24 Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field: [kjv]
Verse routeαλλην παραβολην παρεθηκεν αυτοις λεγων ωμοιωθη η βασιλεια των ουρανων ανθρωπω σπειραντι καλον σπερμα εν τω αγρω αυτου [gnt]
Verse route13:25 But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way. [kjv]
Verse routeεν δε τω καθευδειν τους ανθρωπους ηλθεν αυτου ο εχθρος και επεσπειρεν ζιζανια ανα μεσον του σιτου και απηλθεν [gnt]

Field of wheat
The "sowing" of the "seed" appears to have happened in parable #1, the parable of the sower. Those who fell by the wayside, choked by thorns, etc., do not appear to be the "tares".

It would appear that the "birds" deposited as weed seeds the weeds that appear with the wheat.

18. Matthew 13:24
 All 
KJV: Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field:
Greek: αλλην παραβολην παρεθηκεν αυτοις λεγων ωμοιωθη η βασιλεια των ουρανων ανθρωπω σπειροντι σπειραντι καλον σπερμα εν τω αγρω αυτου

19. Matthew 13:25
 All 
KJV: But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way.
Greek: εν δε τω καθευδειν τους ανθρωπους ηλθεν αυτου ο εχθρος και εσπειρεν επεσπειρεν ζιζανια ανα μεσον του σιτου και απηλθεν

20. Matthew 13:26
Verse routeMatthew 13:26 But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. [kjv]
Verse routeοτε δε εβλαστησεν ο χορτος και καρπον εποιησεν τοτε εφανη και τα ζιζανια [gnt]

Field of wheat
Field of wheat and tares
The "brought forth" in the Greek is that of "making" or "doing". One can "make" or "do" good or not good.

21. Matthew 13:26
 All 
KJV: But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also.
Greek: οτε δε εβλαστησεν ο χορτος και καρπον εποιησεν τοτε εφανη και τα ζιζανια

22. Matthew 13:27
Verse routeMatthew 13:27 So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares? [kjv]
Verse routeπροσελθοντες δε οι δουλοι του οικοδεσποτου ειπον αυτω κυριε ουχι καλον σπερμα εσπειρας εν τω σω αγρω ποθεν ουν εχει ζιζανια [gnt]

Field of wheat and tares
The "householder" appears in other "parables".


Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


23. Matthew 13:27
 All 
KJV: So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares?
Greek: προσελθοντες δε οι δουλοι του οικοδεσποτου ειπον αυτω κυριε ουχι καλον σπερμα εσπειρας εν τω σω αγρω ποθεν ουν εχει τα ζιζανια

24. Matthew 13:28-29
Verse routeMatthew 13:28 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εφη αυτοις εχθρος ανθρωπος τουτο εποιησεν οι δε αυτω λεγουσιν θελεις ουν απελθοντες συλλεξωμεν αυτα [gnt]
Verse route13:29 But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε φησιν ου μηποτε συλλεγοντες τα ζιζανια εκριζωσητε αμα αυτοις τον σιτον [gnt]
Verse routezizaniatriticum [v]

Field of wheat and tares
This is the important verse from a fault-tolerant computing point of view.

25. Matthew 13:28 Nightmare
Verse routeMatthew 13:28 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εφη αυτοις εχθρος ανθρωπος τουτο εποιησεν οι δε αυτω λεγουσιν θελεις ουν απελθοντες συλλεξωμεν αυτα [gnt]

There appears to be a play on words here. Combining these words one has the following which would sound somewhat similar.

26. Similar phrasing
This same phrase appears in Matthew 21:27, Mark 9:12 and Mark 12:24 so it may be not be intentional. This phrase in the verses in Mark were changed in some Greek versions.

Verse routeMatthew 21:27 And they answered Jesus, and said, We cannot tell. And he said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι αποκριθεντες τω ιησου ειπαν ουκ οιδαμεν εφη αυτοις και αυτος ουδε εγω λεγω υμιν εν ποια εξουσια ταυτα ποιω [gnt]
Verse routeMark 9:12 And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εφη αυτοις ηλιας μεν ελθων πρωτον αποκατιστανει παντα και πως γεγραπται επι τον υιον του ανθρωπου ινα πολλα παθη και εξουδενηθη [gnt]
Verse route12:24 And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God? [kjv]
Verse routeεφη αυτοις ο ιησους ου δια τουτο πλανασθε μη ειδοτες τας γραφας μηδε την δυναμιν του θεου [gnt]


27. Matthew 21:27
 All 
KJV: And they answered Jesus, and said, We cannot tell. And he said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.
Greek: και αποκριθεντες τω ιησου ειπον ειπαν ουκ οιδαμεν εφη αυτοις και αυτος ουδε εγω λεγω υμιν εν ποια εξουσια ταυτα ποιω

28. Mark 9:12
   Mark 9:12 
 All 
KJV: And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought.
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν εφη αυτοις ηλιας μεν ελθων πρωτον αποκαθιστα αποκατιστανει παντα και πως γεγραπται επι τον υιον του ανθρωπου ινα πολλα παθη και εξουδενωθη εξουδενηθη

29. Mark 12:24
   Mark 12:24 
 All 
KJV: And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?
Greek: και αποκριθεις εφη αυτοις ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις ου δια τουτο πλανασθε μη ειδοτες τας γραφας μηδε την δυναμιν του θεου

30. Matthew 13:28
 All 
KJV: He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up?
Greek: ο δε εφη αυτοις εχθρος ανθρωπος τουτο εποιησεν οι δε δουλοι ειπον αυτω λεγουσιν θελεις ουν απελθοντες συλλεξωμεν αυτα

31. Matthew 13:29
 All 
KJV: But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them.
Greek: ο δε εφη φησιν ου μηποτε συλλεγοντες τα ζιζανια εκριζωσητε αμα αυτοις τον σιτον
Latin: et ait non ne forte colligentes zizania eradicetis simul cum eis et triticum
Wycliffe: And he seide, Nay, lest perauenture ye in gaderynge taris drawen vp with hem the whete bi the roote.
Tyndale: But he sayde nay lest whill ye go aboute to wede out ye tares ye plucke vppe also wt them ye wheate by ye rottes:

32. Matthew 13:30
Verse routeMatthew 13:30 Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn. [kjv]
Verse routeαφετε συναυξανεσθαι αμφοτερα εως του θερισμου και εν καιρω του θερισμου ερω τοις θερισταις συλλεξατε πρωτον τα ζιζανια και δησατε αυτα εις εις δεσμας προς το κατακαυσαι αυτα τον δε σιτον συναγετε εις την αποθηκην μου [gnt]

Field of wheat and tares



Information sign More: A hot time to harvest - now and later
Information sign More: Fruit of the harvest

33. Matthew 13:30

 All 
KJV: Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn.
Greek: αφετε συναυξανεσθαι αμφοτερα μεχρι εως του θερισμου και εν τω καιρω του θερισμου ερω τοις θερισταις συλλεξατε πρωτον τα ζιζανια και δησατε αυτα εις εις δεσμας προς το κατακαυσαι αυτα τον δε σιτον συναγαγετε συναγετε εις την αποθηκην μου

34. Decoded parable
After the crowd leaves, and asked by the disciples, Jesus decodes the parable of the wheat and the tears by consistently replace nouns with other nouns.

The encoded parable makes some sense but not complete sense.

The decoded parable, as explained by Jesus, makes much more sense.

Information sign More: Parables and secret codes used and explained by Jesus
Information sign More: Matthew 13:51-53 Eighth kingdom parable: treasure of new and old codes

35. Matthew 13:36
Verse routeMatthew 13:36 Then Jesus sent the multitude away, and went into the house: and his disciples came unto him, saying, Declare unto us the parable of the tares of the field. [kjv]
Verse routeτοτε αφεις τους οχλους ηλθεν εις την οικιαν και προσηλθαν αυτω οι μαθηται αυτου λεγοντες διασαφησον ημιν την παραβολην των ζιζανιων του αγρου [gnt]

It is interesting that the disciples are very interested (and possibly concerned) about the "tares" in the "parable". Perhaps they have some idea of what it means to be "burned" in the "fire" and want to make sure that they are not a "tare".

A "proverb" is the same as a "parable". The Greek had two words for what in the Hebrew/Aramaic was one word. There is no discernible pattern in the GNT as the a clear difference.

Information sign More: Parables and secret codes used and explained by Jesus

36. Matthew 13:36
 All 
KJV: Then Jesus sent the multitude away, and went into the house: and his disciples came unto him, saying, Declare unto us the parable of the tares of the field.
Greek: τοτε αφεις τους οχλους ηλθεν εις την οικιαν ο ιησους και προσηλθον προσηλθαν αυτω οι μαθηται αυτου λεγοντες φρασον διασαφησον ημιν την παραβολην των ζιζανιων του αγρου

37. Matthew 13:37
Verse routeMatthew 13:37 He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man; [kjv]
Verse routeο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν ο σπειρων το καλον σπερμα εστιν ο υιος του ανθρωπου [gnt]

The "man" sowing the seed is the "Son of man" or "Jesus as God". In the Hebrew, the "Son of man" is the same as "Son of dirt" is the same as "Son of Adam" since "Adam", "man" and "dirt" are the same word in Hebrew/Aramaic.

38. Matthew 13:37
 All 
KJV: He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man;
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αυτοις ο σπειρων το καλον σπερμα εστιν ο υιος του ανθρωπου

39. Matthew 13:38 Field is the world
Verse routeMatthew 13:38 The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one; [kjv]
Verse routeο δε αγρος εστιν ο κοσμος το δε καλον σπερμα ουτοι εισιν οι υιοι της βασιλειας τα δε ζιζανια εισιν οι υιοι του πονηρου [gnt]

In explaining the code words for kingdom parable 2 (wheat and tares), Jesus says that the "field" is the "world".

40. Matthew 13:38

 All 
KJV: The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one;
Greek: ο δε αγρος εστιν ο κοσμος το δε καλον σπερμα ουτοι εισιν οι υιοι της βασιλειας τα δε ζιζανια εισιν οι υιοι του πονηρου

41. Matthew 13:38 Field is the acre
Verse routeMatthew 13:38 The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one; [kjv]
Verse routeagersemenzizania … [v]

The Gothic word "akran""fruit" and is related to the following words. The Gothic word "qithaus""stomach, womb".

Information sign More: Fruit of the harvest

42. Matthew
Verse routeMatthew 13:39 The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εχθρος ο σπειρας αυτα εστιν ο διαβολος ο δε θερισμος συντελεια αιωνος εστιν οι δε θερισται αγγελοι εισιν [gnt]

Speaking of the "harvest" Jesus says the following.

Verse route9:37 Then saith he unto his disciples, The harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few; [kjv]
Verse routeτοτε λεγει τοις μαθηταις αυτου ο μεν θερισμος πολυς οι δε εργαται ολιγοι [gnt]

Notice that Jesus never says anything about needing "leaders". He needs "followers" who will do "work" without other human "supervision".

Information sign More: A hot time to harvest - now and later
Information sign More: Fruit of the harvest

43. Matthew 9:37
   Matthew 9:37 
 All 
KJV: Then saith he unto his disciples, The harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few;
Greek: τοτε λεγει τοις μαθηταις αυτου ο μεν θερισμος πολυς οι δε εργαται ολιγοι

44. Matthew 13:39
 All 
KJV: The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels.
Greek: ο δε εχθρος ο σπειρας αυτα εστιν ο διαβολος ο δε θερισμος συντελεια του αιωνος εστιν οι δε θερισται αγγελοι εισιν

45. Matthew 13:40
Verse routeMatthew 13:40 As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so shall it be in the end of this world. [kjv]
Verse routeωσπερ ουν συλλεγεται τα ζιζανια και πυρι κατακαιεται ουτως εσται εν τη συντελεια του αιωνος [gnt]

Who exactly are the "tares"? The Greek word often translated as "evil" (from the Latin) means that of oppression or oppressing. One can be "oppressed" by others or by oneself.

Information sign More: Evil training is toilsome work: no pain no gain
Information sign More: Matthew 4:1-11 Examining evil temptations

46. Matthew 13:40
 All 
KJV: As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so shall it be in the end of this world.
Greek: ωσπερ ουν συλλεγεται τα ζιζανια και πυρι κατακαιεται ουτως εσται εν τη συντελεια του αιωνος τουτου

47. Matthew 13:41
Verse routeMatthew 13:41 The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; [kjv]
Verse routeαποστελει ο υιος του ανθρωπου τους αγγελους αυτου και συλλεξουσιν εκ της βασιλειας αυτου παντα τα σκανδαλα και τους ποιουντας την ανομιαν [gnt]

Who exactly is being "gathered"? Who are the "tares"? They are part of the "kingdom" of Jesus and are the ones described as follows. The Latin "iniquity" from "inequality" and later as "lawless" started the meaning word slide.

48. Matthew 13:41
Verse routeMatthew 13:41 The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; [kjv]

An interesting twist of the Latin shift of meaning and English word change over time is the following.

Information sign More: Colossians 2:1-23 Philosophy and false reasoning through subtle sermons

The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal. Aristotle (Greek scientist and philosopher)

Information sign More: Aristotle

49. Matthew 13:41
Verse routeMatthew 13:41 The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; [kjv]
Verse routeαποστελει ο υιος του ανθρωπου τους αγγελους αυτου και συλλεξουσιν εκ της βασιλειας αυτου παντα τα σκανδαλα και τους ποιουντας την ανομιαν [gnt]

Paraphrase: ... shall gather out of His kingdom all that have misinterpreted what He said and all that have done things against His laws.

If one does not understand what Jesus said and meant, then one can easily do things against His laws - because the misinterpretation may make one think that what is good is not good or what is not good is good.

50. Matthew 13:41
 All 
KJV: The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity;
Greek: αποστελει ο υιος του ανθρωπου τους αγγελους αυτου και συλλεξουσιν εκ της βασιλειας αυτου παντα τα σκανδαλα και τους ποιουντας την ανομιαν

51. Sheep and goats
In the parable of the sheep and goats, some that do not think they were doing what they should have been doing (according to some interpretation) are surprised that they are ok. Some others think they were doing what they should have been doing but are surprised that they are not ok. Might this be due to misinterpretations of what Jesus said and meant?

Information sign More: Matthew 25: 31-46 Parable of the sheep and goats

52. Discuss
Paraphrase: ... shall gather out of His kingdom all that have misinterpreted what He said and all that have done things against His laws.

Discuss:

53. Search the scriptures
In Acts 17:11, Paul tells the Bereans to search the scriptures to see whether such things (i.e., what he told them) are so.

Verse routeActs 17:11 These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so. [kjv]
Verse routeουτοι δε ησαν ευγενεστεροι των εν θεσσαλονικη οιτινες εδεξαντο τον λογον μετα πασης προθυμιας το καθ ημεραν ανακρινοντες τας γραφας ει εχοι ταυτα ουτως [gnt]
Verse routescrutantes … [v]

The ancient Greek word "ανακρινω""discern" and whose base word in Greek means "judge" as in "separate".

How much effort do you put into "searching" and "studying" the scriptures to "discern" that what as claimed as true is actually true?

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54. Discuss
Paraphrase: ... shall gather out of His kingdom all that have misinterpreted what He said and all that have done things against His laws.

If you believe or trust someone (e.g., pastor, theologian, etc.) who has misinterpreted what Jesus said and meant, are you accountable for that misinterpretation?

55. False teaching as poison
Book: The Apostolic Fathers
Talking about false teachers, early church father Ignatius writes the following to the Trallians (part 6.2, underlining added).

The Greek for "unsuspecting" is "ignorant". One needs to study the truth to not be "ignorant".
English: ... these people, while pretending to be trustworthy, mix Jesus Christ with themselves - like those who administer a deadly drug with honeyed wine, which the unsuspecting victim accepts without fear and so with final pleasure drinks down death. Holmes, M. (2007). The Apostolic Fathers. 3rd Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, p. 219.

What is the functional difference between the following?

56. Puffed up with pride
After warning about the poison of false teachers, Ignatius tells the Trallians in the very next line that being puffed up with pride makes one susceptible to such false teachers (part 7.1).

English: Therefore be on your guard against such people. And you will be provided that you are not puffed up with pride ...
Holmes, M. (2007). The Apostolic Fathers. 3rd Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, p. 208.

Such prideful people think (know) that they know the answers without even checking to verify them. They will proclaim "I am" followed by assertions or oaths of their self-exalted position.
Verse routeProverbs 25:2 It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of kings is to search out a matter. [kjv]



Information sign More: Book: Apostolic Fathers

57. Ignatius to the Ephesians: Bad teaching
Wrong goalIgnatius, in his letter to the Ephesians (part 16), warns not to be misled by bad (or evil) teachers (underlining added).

The Greek for "unquenchable" is that of "quick lime" and was later mistranslated by Pliny into Latin as "asbestos".
English: ... Such a person, having polluted himself, will go to the unquenchable fire, as will also the one who listens to him.
Greek: ... ὁ τοιοῦτος ῥυπαρὸς γενόμενος, εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἄσβεστον χωρήσει, ὁμοίως καὶ ὁ ἀκούων αὐτου.
Holmes, M. (2007). The Apostolic Fathers. 3rd Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, p. 197.

Information sign More: Unquenchable fire
Information sign More: Book: Apostolic Fathers

58. Matthew 13:42 Wailing and gnashing of teeth
Verse routeMatthew 13:42 And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

To which of the following might "gnashing of teeth" apply?

59. Matthew 13:42

 All 
KJV: And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Greek: και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

60. Matthew 13:43
Verse routeMatthew 13:43 Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear. [kjv]
Verse routeτοτε οι δικαιοι εκλαμψουσιν ως ο ηλιος εν τη βασιλεια του πατρος αυτων ο εχων ωτα ακουετω [gnt]

Say and hearHave people had "ears" listened and understood? Note that there are those who "hear" very well but may not "listen" well.
The ancient Greek word "ἀκούω""hear" and assumes understanding of what is heard. It is the source of the English word words such as "acoustic" and is cognate with the English word "hear" and "harken".

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61. Matthew 13:43

 All 
KJV: Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Greek: τοτε οι δικαιοι εκλαμψουσιν ως ο ηλιος εν τη βασιλεια του πατρος αυτων ο εχων ωτα ακουειν ακουετω

62. Interpretation
Only part of the parable is needed for the fault tolerant purposes.

Verse routeMatthew 13:28 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? [kjv]
Verse routeο δε εφη αυτοις εχθρος ανθρωπος τουτο εποιησεν οι δε αυτω λεγουσιν θελεις ουν απελθοντες συλλεξωμεν αυτα [gnt]
Verse route13:29 But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them. [kjv]
Verse routeο δε φησιν ου μηποτε συλλεγοντες τα ζιζανια εκριζωσητε αμα αυτοις τον σιτον [gnt]
Verse routezizaniatriticum [v]
Verse route13:38 The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one; [kjv]
Verse routeο δε αγρος εστιν ο κοσμος το δε καλον σπερμα ουτοι εισιν οι υιοι της βασιλειας τα δε ζιζανια εισιν οι υιοι του πονηρου [gnt]


63. Fault tolerance
Here the angels notice that there are tares and ask if they should be uprooted. Jesus says not now.

Notice that the guidance provided handles the case of over zealousness on the part of religious fanatics. They may, in fact, be mistaken in their beliefs of what is "wheat" and what is a "tare".

64. Tares
Field of tares
Some people see everyone else as a tare. The world is a field of tares. That is, everyone but me is bad.

Ultra-conservative churches tend toward this view.

65. Wheat
Field of wheat
Some people see everyone else as wheat. The world is a field of wheat. Everyone is good.

Ultra-liberal churches tend toward this view.

66. Reality
Field of wheat and tares
In reality, it appears that some people are wheat and some are tares. Which is which?
Wheat and tareAsk yourself the following questions.

67. Peter
Verse route2 Peter 2:11 Whereas angels, which are greater in power and might, bring not railing accusation against them before the Lord. [kjv]

Field of wheat and taresPeter refers to this advice by Jesus in writing about false teachers in the end times.
Why do the angels, who are greater in power than humans, not bring accusations against these false teachers who are "tares"? Because, in the second kingdom parable, Jesus tells them not to do so. They might uproot "wheat" in the process.

Peter says that if angels are not to do so neither should humans do so. This idea fits into that of fault tolerant computing principles in that one must assume that, at some point, the process itself may not be correct.

68. 2 Peter 2:11
   2 Peter 2:11 
 All 
KJV: Whereas angels, which are greater in power and might, bring not railing accusation against them before the Lord.
Greek: οπου αγγελοι ισχυι και δυναμει μειζονες οντες ου φερουσιν κατ αυτων παρα κυριω βλασφημον κρισιν

69. Brute beasts
Verse route2 Peter 2:12 But these, as natural brute beasts, made to be taken and destroyed, speak evil of the things that they understand not; and shall utterly perish in their own corruption; [kjv]
Verse routeουτοι δε ως αλογα ζωα γεγεννημενα φυσικα εις αλωσιν και φθοραν εν οις αγνοουσιν βλασφημουντες εν τη φθορα αυτων και φθαρησονται [gnt]

Let us make a brief side trip. What are the "brute beasts"?

70. 2 Peter 2:12
   2 Peter 2:12 
 All 
KJV: But these, as natural brute beasts, made to be taken and destroyed, speak evil of the things that they understand not; and shall utterly perish in their own corruption;
Greek: ουτοι δε ως αλογα ζωα γεγεννημενα φυσικα γεγενημενα εις αλωσιν και φθοραν εν οις αγνοουσιν βλασφημουντες εν τη φθορα αυτων καταφθαρησονται και φθαρησονται

71. Brute beasts and magnificent war horses
Verse route2 Peter 2:12 But these, as natural brute beasts, made to be taken and destroyed, speak evil of the things that they understand not; and shall utterly perish in their own corruption; [kjv]
Verse route2:16 But was rebuked for his iniquity: the dumb ass speaking with man's voice forbad the madness of the prophet. [kjv]

The modern Greek word "άλογο" (A-lo-go) ≈ "horse", in ancient times, came from the phrase "άλογο ζώα" (A-lo-go ZO-a) ≈ "unspeaking/unthinking animal" and usually referred to a war horse (e.g., pulling a chariot, used in a mounted calvary attack, etc.). These were magnificent animals, trained to do whatever they were led to do by their rider/master - even to their own destruction.

The Greek for "ass" is that of a pack animal doing work. The translators used the OT word rather than the word Peter wrote and appeared to mean to keep the military animal analogy consistent and meaningful.

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72. Russell paradox
The guidance provided by Jesus is a fault-tolerant way of a realistic approximation to the Russell Paradox.

That is, it is a fault-tolerant approach to the tolerance paradox.

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73. Taking it further
With some insight, the above idea can be taken further.

One is not to go uprooting tares as what one thinks are tares may be wheat and uproot wheat instead. Wheat and tareEveryone doing uprooting assumes that they are wheat and not tares.

Ask yourself the following.

What happens if tares go around doing uprooting? They are much more likely to uproot wheat and leave tares in place.

74. Self-reference
Wheat and tare Field of wheat and tares
If angels are not to do uprooting, neither are tares or wheat to do uprooting.

Provide some examples throughout history where groups based on "Christ" decided that they were wheat and needed to go uprooting (removing, exterminating, etc.) some tares.

75. Alternative
The alternative (not uprooting) appears to be along the following guidelines.

Every wheat or tare should promote the (logic and reality) truth to everyone and let those others decide which way to go.

This is not based on thinking but on what is said.

76. Paul
HeartOnce one sees this general rule, one can then see how Paul follows this rule with many examples of following this general rule.

1 Corinthians 13, the "Love chapter", in context, appears to be the pointing out the importance of love and the unimportance of speaking in tongues.

That is, rather than denouncing speaking in tongues, as was practiced at that time, Paul promotes the idea of "love".

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.


77. Politics
This has been the traditional way politics was done in the United States.

This was no accident. It was based on Biblical principles.

This general rule has, in recent times (e.g., more and more since prayer was taken out of public school) become more and more ignored. The trend has progressed by levels as in each side doing the following.

78. Truth and attacks
 ▶ 
 + 
 - 
  Promote ideas 
  Attack ideas 
  Attack opponent 

Think of how politics in the United States has changed over time.

Discuss: Did taking prayer out of public school have any noticeable effect before and after early April 1962? What happened 40 prophetic years (360 day years) later?

Discuss: Does complete separation of church and state (which contradicts the Constitution) cause any noticeable logical or reality problems or issues?

79. Promote truth
Promote your ideas

80. Attack ideas
Attack other ideas

81. Attack the opponent
Attack other people

82. End result
The end result of the progression, that of attacking an opponent, besides being chaotic and sometimes dangerous, appears much like individual approaches to hate, toleration, bias, etc., all of which are forms of the Russell Paradox.

And in attacking the opponent, one may not even feel the need to promote any semblance of truth.

83. Jesus
Jesus provides an example of how to do this.

When talking about false teachers (religious establishment) in the presence of others, he says "you have heard that", says what they have heard, and then says "but I tell you" and then provides what is correct. When you are speaking, instead of saying "but I tell you" you might consider saying, "but the Bible appears to say" or "but Jesus appears to say" and then explain your reasoning.

84. Matthew 3:7 Spies and vipers
Keep in mind that the religious establishment, like any totalitarian regime and most governments, have spies everywhere reporting back on what is said, etc. We see this in Matthew 3 where John the Baptist is baptizing in the Jordan.

Verse routeMatthew 3:7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? [kjv]
Verse routeιδων δε πολλους των φαρισαιων και σαδδουκαιων ερχομενους επι το βαπτισμα ειπεν αυτοις γεννηματα εχιδνων τις υπεδειξεν υμιν φυγειν απο της μελλουσης οργης [gnt]

The Greek word for "viper" is the type that is harmful and not just a "snake".
When Jesus is talking directly to the religious establishment away from others, he tells them exactly what they are doing that is not correct without using play on words and double meanings.

Information sign More: Matthew 17:24-27 Tacky attacks on a senseless tax

85. Grass of the field
Verse routeMatthew 6:30 Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the field, which to day is, and to morrow is cast into the oven, shall he not much more clothe you, O ye of little faith? [kjv]
Verse routeει δε τον χορτον του αγρου σημερον οντα και αυριον εις κλιβανον βαλλομενον ο θεος ουτως αμφιεννυσιν ου πολλω μαλλον υμας ολιγοπιστοι [gnt]

The "field" in the first kingdom parable of Matthew 13 is defined by Jesus as the "world" or, more precisely, the "people in the world".

Field of wheat and taresThe "grass of the field" can be either "weeds" or "tares" or it can be "fruit of the grass" is in "wheat". In the second kingdom parable of Matthew 13, Jesus has the "weeds" are bound at the end of the age and burned.

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86. End of page

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