Music

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Music: amusing music

Music (this page)

Music background

Jazz and music

Caroling and hymns

Horns and trumpets and tubas

Music: Anacrusis and knocking

Church music issues

There are many verses in the Bible that talk about "praise" in terms of music.

More: A dark and enigmatic praise

We see terms of musical praise using instruments Psalms 150, the last chapter of the Psalms.

Psalms 150:3 Praise him with the sound of the trumpet: praise him with the psaltery and harp. [kjv]

αινειτε αυτον εν ηχω σαλπιγγος αινειτε αυτον εν ψαλτηριω και κιθαρα [lxx]

… bucinae … psalterio … cithara [v]

… trumpe… sautre … harpe. [wy]

150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. [kjv]

αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω [lxx]

… tympano … choro … cordis … organo [v]

… tympane … queer… strenegis … orgun. [wy]

Psalms 150:3

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KJV: Praise him with the sound of the trumpet: praise him with the psaltery and harp.

Hebrew: הללוהו בתקע שופר הללוהו בנבל וכנור׃

Greek: αινειτε αυτον εν ηχω σαλπιγγος αινειτε αυτον εν ψαλτηριω και κιθαρα

Latin: laudate eum in clangore bucinae laudate eum in psalterio et cithara

Wycliffe: Herie ye hym in the soun of trumpe; herie ye hym in a sautre and harpe.

Psalms 150:4

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KJV: Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs.

Hebrew: הללוהו בתף ומחול הללוהו במנים ועוגב׃

Greek: αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω

Latin: laudate eum in tympano et choro laudate eum in cordis et organo

Wycliffe: Herie ye hym in a tympane and queer; herie ye hym in strenegis and orgun.

The English word "timpani", as in a drum, comes from the Latin word "tympanum" ≈ "drum" which comes from the ancient Greek word "τύμπανον" ≈ "drum" which comes from the ancient Greek word "τύπτω" ≈ "beat, strike".

Psalms 150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. [kjv]

αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω [lxx]

… tympano … [v]

… tympane … [wy]

A cognate is the Latin word "stupeo" ≈ "stunned, dazed" which is related to the Latin word "stupidus" ≈ "struck senseless, amazed" and is the source of the English word "stupid".

What’s the best present to receive?

A broken drum, you just can’t beat it.

An organ in a church has many parts that do work, much like the organs of the body do work.

The ancient Greek word "ὄργανον" ≈ "instrument, implement" and often meant a musical instrument.

Psalms 150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. [kjv]

αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω [lxx]

… tympano … choro … cordis … organo [v]

… tympane … queer… strenegis … orgun. [wy]

More: An opus on the workings of work

Exodus 19:19 And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. [kjv]

… השופר … [he]

… bucinae … [v]

The ancient Greek word "σάλπιγξ" ≈ "war trumpet" and appears to be pre-Greek in origin. The Latin word "bucina" ≈ "curved bugle" as in a war trumpet and comes from two Latin words and is the source of the English word "bugle".

The Latin word "bow" ≈ "cow" as in "bovine".
The Latin word "cano" ≈ "sing, play".

More: Horns and trumpets and tubas

The ancient Greek word "κιθαρα" ≈ "stringed instrument" is the source of the English word "guitar" through Spanish through Arabic through Latin through Greek. In the Bible, the word means a string instrument, which can be a harp, lyre or other instrument.

The ancient Greek word "λύρα" ≈ "lyre" and is the source of the English word "lyre". The word "harp" is of Germanic origin. The German word "Harfe" ≈ "harp". The English word "chord" is related to the "cords" as strings on the instrument.

The ancient Greek word appears to be related to the Proto-Hurro-Uratian word "*kinnar" for "lyre" or "harp".

The modern Greek word "κιθάρα" (kee-THA-ra) ≈ "guitar".
The modern Greek word "άρπα" (AR-pa) ≈ "harp"
The modern Greek word "λύρα" (LEE-ra) ≈ "lyre".

The modern Greek word "κιθάρα" (kee-THA-ra) ≈ "guitar" is the source, through Latin and Arabic and Spanish, of the English word "guitar" and appears many times in the Bible.

The ancient Greek word "κιθάρα" ≈ "lyre, lute".
The Spanish word "guitarra" ≈ "guitar".
The Latin word "cithara" ≈ "lyre, lute, guitar".
The Arabic word "قِيثَارَة‎" (qi-ta-ra) ≈ "guitar".

Psalms 81:2

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KJV: Take a psalm, and bring hither the timbrel, the pleasant harp with the psaltery.

Hebrew: שאו זמרה ותנו תף כנור נעים עם נבל׃

Greek: λαβετε ψαλμον και δοτε τυμπανον ψαλτηριον τερπνον μετα κιθαρας

Latin: adsumite carmen et date tympanum citharam decoram cum psalterio

In the context of his discussion on speaking in tongues, Paul uses a musical analogy in 1 Corinthians 14:7.

1 Corinthians 14:7

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KJV: And even things without life giving sound, whether pipe or harp, except they give a distinction in the sounds, how shall it be known what is piped or harped?

Greek: ομως τα αψυχα φωνην διδοντα ειτε αυλος ειτε κιθαρα εαν διαστολην τοις φθογγοις μη δω πως γνωσθησεται το αυλουμενον η το κιθαριζομενον

Latin: tamen quae sine anima sunt vocem dantia sive tibia sive cithara nisi distinctionem sonituum dederint quomodo scietur quod canitur aut quod citharizatur

Tyndale: Moreover whe thinges with out lyfe geve sounde: whether it be a pype or an harpe: except they make a distinccion in the soundes: how shall it be knowen what is pyped or harped?

Luther: Hält sich's doch auch also in den Dingen, die da lauten und doch nicht leben, es sei eine Pfeife oder eine Harfe; wenn sie nicht unterschiedliche Stimmen von sich geben, wie kann man wissen, was gepfiffen oder geharfet ist?

*G2788 *4 κιθάρα (kith-ar'-ah) : of uncertain affinity; a lyre:--harp.

Usage

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κιθαρα

1 Corinthians 14:7 ... whether pipe or harp, except they give a distinction ...

κιθαραν

Revelation 5:8 ... the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials ...

κιθαραις

Revelation 14:2 ... harping with their harps:

κιθαρας

Revelation 15:2 ... the sea of glass, having the harps of God.

A harp guitar is a combination of a harp and a guitar.

One word for what appears to be a harp-like instrument is the ancient Greek word "κινύρα" ≈ "harp" which comes from the Hebrew word "כנוך" (kinnor) ≈ "wailing" which is a defective spelling of the Hebrew word "כינור" (kinnor) ≈ "wailing".

Details are left as a future topic.

2 Chronicles 20:28

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KJV: And they came to Jerusalem with psalteries and harps and trumpets unto the house of the LORD.

Hebrew: ויבאו ירושלם בנבלים ובכנרות ובחצצרות אל בית יהוה׃

Greek: και εισηλθον εις ιερουσαλημ εν ναβλαις και εν κινυραις και εν σαλπιγξιν εις οικον κυριου

Latin: ingressique sunt Hierusalem cum psalteriis et citharis et tubis in domum Domini

Wycliffe: And thei entriden in to Jerusalem with sawtrees, and harpis, and trumpis, in to the hows of the Lord.

Luther: Und zogen gen Jerusalem ein mit Psaltern, Harfen und Trommeten zum Hause des Herrn.

Spanish: Y vinieron a Jerusalén, a la casa de Jehová, con salterios, arpas, y trompetas.

*H3658 כִּנּוֹר (kin-nore') : from a unused root meaning to twang; a harp: -harp.

The ancient Greek word "χορός" ≈ "dance" and is the source of the English word "chorus" which today is a vocal group rather than a dance group.

Psalms 150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. [kjv]

αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω [lxx]

… choro … [v]

… queer… [wy]

The Middle English word "queer" ≈ "dance" was used much later, in the 1800's, to refer to sexual orientation. The connection to "dance" appears to be an earlier meaning of "off-center" and "turning" or "twisting" as such movements are associated with dancing.

In that sense, the word "queer" (from Germanic) is related to the word "torque" (from Latin) via the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "*TERK" ≈ "turn, twist, wind".

The words "torment" and "torture" are related in that they derive from instrument for inflicting pain that involved turning and twisting.