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Music: Anacrusis and knocking
1. Music
2. Praise music
There are many verses in the Bible that talk about "
praise" in terms of music.
3. Musical praise
4. Psalms 150:3
KJV: Praise him with the sound of the trumpet: praise him with the psaltery and harp.
Hebrew: הללוהו בתקע שופר הללוהו בנבל וכנור׃
Greek: αινειτε αυτον εν ηχω σαλπιγγος αινειτε αυτον εν ψαλτηριω και κιθαρα
Latin: laudate eum in clangore bucinae laudate eum in psalterio et cithara
Wycliffe: Herie ye hym in the soun of trumpe; herie ye hym in a sautre and harpe.
5. Psalms 150:4
KJV: Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs.
Hebrew: הללוהו בתף ומחול הללוהו במנים ועוגב׃
Greek: αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω
Latin: laudate eum in tympano et choro laudate eum in cordis et organo
Wycliffe: Herie ye hym in a tympane and queer; herie ye hym in strenegis and orgun.
6. Drums
The English word
"timpani", as in a drum, comes from the Latin word
"tympanum" ≈ "drum" which comes from the ancient Greek word
"τύμπανον" ≈ "drum" which comes from the ancient Greek word
"τύπτω" ≈ "beat, strike".
Psalms 150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. [kjv]
αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω [lxx]
… tympano … [v]
… tympane … [wy]
7. Stupid drums
8. Organ
9. Bucina
Exodus 19:19 And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. [kjv]
… השופר … [he]
… bucinae … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"σάλπιγξ" ≈ "war trumpet" and appears to be pre-Greek in origin. The Latin word
"bucina" ≈ "curved bugle" as in a war trumpet and comes from two Latin words and is the source of the English word
"bugle".
The Latin word "bow" ≈ "cow" as in "bovine".
The Latin word "cano" ≈ "sing, play".
10. Guitar
The ancient Greek word
"κιθαρα" ≈ "stringed instrument" is the source of the English word "
guitar" through Spanish through Arabic through Latin through Greek. In the Bible, the word means a string instrument, which can be a harp, lyre or other instrument.
The ancient Greek word
"λύρα" ≈ "lyre" and is the source of the English word
"lyre". The word "
harp" is of Germanic origin. The German word
"Harfe" ≈ "harp". The English word "
chord" is related to the "
cords" as strings on the instrument.
The ancient Greek word appears to be related to the Proto-Hurro-Uratian word "
*kinnar" for "
lyre" or "
harp".
11. Modern Greek
12. Guitar
13. Psalms 81:2
KJV: Take a psalm, and bring hither the timbrel, the pleasant harp with the psaltery.
Hebrew: שאו זמרה ותנו תף כנור נעים עם נבל׃
Greek: λαβετε ψαλμον και δοτε τυμπανον ψαλτηριον τερπνον μετα κιθαρας
Latin: adsumite carmen et date tympanum citharam decoram cum psalterio
14. Paul
In the context of his discussion on speaking in tongues, Paul uses a musical analogy in 1 Corinthians 14:7.
15. 1 Corinthians 14:7
KJV: And even things without life giving sound, whether pipe or harp, except they give a distinction in the sounds, how shall it be known what is piped or harped?
Greek: ομως τα αψυχα φωνην διδοντα ειτε αυλος ειτε κιθαρα εαν διαστολην τοις φθογγοις μη δω πως γνωσθησεται το αυλουμενον η το κιθαριζομενον
Latin: tamen quae sine anima sunt vocem dantia sive tibia sive cithara nisi distinctionem sonituum dederint quomodo scietur quod canitur aut quod citharizatur
Tyndale: Moreover whe thinges with out lyfe geve sounde: whether it be a pype or an harpe: except they make a distinccion in the soundes: how shall it be knowen what is pyped or harped?
Luther: Hält sich's doch auch also in den Dingen, die da lauten und doch nicht leben, es sei eine Pfeife oder eine Harfe; wenn sie nicht unterschiedliche Stimmen von sich geben, wie kann man wissen, was gepfiffen oder geharfet ist?
16. Strongs
- *G2788 *4 κιθάρα (kith-ar'-ah) : of uncertain affinity; a lyre:--harp.
- κιθαρα
- 1 Corinthians 14:7 ... whether pipe or harp, except they give a distinction ...
- κιθαραν
- Revelation 5:8 ... the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials ...
- κιθαραις
- Revelation 14:2 ... harping with their harps:
- κιθαρας
- Revelation 15:2 ... the sea of glass, having the harps of God.
17. Harp guitar
A harp guitar is a combination of a harp and a guitar.
18. Harp
19. 2 Chronicles 20:28
KJV: And they came to Jerusalem with psalteries and harps and trumpets unto the house of the LORD.
Hebrew: ויבאו ירושלם בנבלים ובכנרות ובחצצרות אל בית יהוה׃
Greek: και εισηλθον εις ιερουσαλημ εν ναβλαις και εν κινυραις και εν σαλπιγξιν εις οικον κυριου
Latin: ingressique sunt Hierusalem cum psalteriis et citharis et tubis in domum Domini
Wycliffe: And thei entriden in to Jerusalem with sawtrees, and harpis, and trumpis, in to the hows of the Lord.
Luther: Und zogen gen Jerusalem ein mit Psaltern, Harfen und Trommeten zum Hause des Herrn.
Spanish: Y vinieron a Jerusalén, a la casa de Jehová, con salterios, arpas, y trompetas.
20. Strongs
- *H3658 כִּנּוֹר (kin-nore') : from a unused root meaning to twang; a harp: -harp.
21. Dance
The ancient Greek word
"χορός" ≈ "dance" and is the source of the English word "
chorus" which today is a vocal group rather than a dance group.
Psalms 150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. [kjv]
αινειτε αυτον εν τυμπανω και χορω αινειτε αυτον εν χορδαις και οργανω [lxx]
… choro … [v]
… queer… [wy]
The Middle English word
"queer" ≈ "dance" was used much later, in the 1800's, to refer to sexual orientation. The connection to "
dance" appears to be an earlier meaning of "
off-center" and "
turning" or "
twisting" as such movements are associated with dancing.
22. Queer torque torture
In that sense, the word "
queer" (from Germanic) is related to the word "
torque" (from Latin) via the
PIE (Proto Indo-European) root
"*TERK" ≈ "turn, twist, wind".
The words "
torment" and "
torture" are related in that they derive from instrument for inflicting pain that involved turning and twisting.
In music terminology and symbology, an "
anacrusis" is a pickup (unstressed) before the first strong beat of a phrase. The term is also used in poetic meter.
An anacrusis often happens at the beginning of a piece of music and is sometimes called a "
pickup" phrase.
For example, the hymn "
Morning has broken" has a pickup, or anacrusis, at the beginning.
23. Star-spangled banner
The beginning phrases (and tune) of the Star-spangled banner start with an "
anacrusis" (underlined)
Oh say can you
see,
by the dawn's early
light, ...
24. Etymology
The English term "
anacrusis" is from the modern Latin which is from the ancient Greek.
The ancient Greek word "ανάκρουσις" (a-NA-kru-sees) ≈ "pushing up" which is from
the ancient Greek word "ανακρούω" (a-na-KRU-o) ≈ "I push up".
The term has a connotation of "
pushing up", "
striking up" or "
plucking up" (as in playing a musical instrument such as a harp).
This "
plucking up" or "
striking up" is still used in music as in "
strike up" a tune - even if there is no pickup or anacrusis at the start of the tune.
There are two parts to the word "
ανακρούω".
The modern Greek prefix "ανά" (a-NA) ≈ "up".
The modern Greek word "κρούω" (KRU-o) ≈ "I strike".
The prefix "
ανακρου-" appears four times in the
LXX (Septuagint), sometimes in a musical context.
25. Judges 5:11
KJV: They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, even the righteous acts toward the inhabitants of his villages in Israel: then shall the people of the LORD go down to the gates.
Hebrew: מקול מחצצים בין משאבים שם יתנו צדקות יהוה צדקת פרזנו בישראל אז ירדו לשערים עם יהוה׃
Greek: φθεγξασθε φωνην ανακρουομενων ανα μεσον ευφραινομενων εκει δωσουσιν δικαιοσυνην κυριω δικαιοι ενισχυσαν εν τω ισραηλ τοτε κατεβη εις τας πολεις αυτου ο λαος κυριου
Geneva: For the noyse of the archers appaised among the drawers of water: there shall they rehearse the righteousnesse of the Lord, his righteousnesse of his townes in Israel: then did the people of the Lord goe downe to the gates.
26. 2 Samuel 6:16
KJV: And as the ark of the LORD came into the city of David, Michal Saul's daughter looked through a window, and saw king David leaping and dancing before the LORD; and she despised him in her heart.
Hebrew: והיה ארון יהוה בא עיר דוד ומיכל בת שאול נשקפה בעד החלון ותרא את המלך דוד מפזז ומכרכר לפני יהוה ותבז לו בלבה׃
Greek: και εγενετο της κιβωτου παραγινομενης εως πολεως δαυιδ και μελχολ η θυγατηρ σαουλ διεκυπτεν δια της θυριδος και ειδεν τον βασιλεα δαυιδ ορχουμενον και ανακρουομενον ενωπιον κυριου και εξουδενωσεν αυτον εν τη καρδια αυτης
Latin: cumque intrasset arca Domini civitatem David Michol filia Saul prospiciens per fenestram vidit regem David subsilientem atque saltantem coram Domino et despexit eum in corde suo
Spanish: Y como el arca de Jehová llegó a la ciudad de David, aconteció que Mical hija de Saúl miró desde una ventana, y vio al rey David saltando y danzando delante de Jehová; y le menospreció en su corazón.
27. 1 Chronicles 25:3
KJV: Of Jeduthun: the sons of Jeduthun; Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with a harp, to give thanks and to praise the LORD.
Hebrew: לידותון בני ידותון גדליהו וצרי וישעיהו חשביהו ומתתיהו ששה על ידי אביהם ידותון בכנור הנבא על הדות והלל ליהוה׃
Greek: τω ιδιθων υιοι ιδιθων γοδολια και σουρι και ισαια και σεμει και ασαβια και ματταθιας εξ μετα τον πατερα αυτων ιδιθων εν κινυρα ανακρουομενοι εξομολογησιν και αινεσιν τω κυριω
28. 1 Chronicles 25:5
KJV: All these were the sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to lift up the horn. And God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
Hebrew: כל אלה בנים להימן חזה המלך בדברי האלהים להרים קרן ויתן האלהים להימן בנים ארבעה עשר ובנות שלוש׃
Greek: παντες ουτοι υιοι τω αιμαν τω ανακρουομενω τω βασιλει εν λογοις θεου υψωσαι κερας και εδωκεν ο θεος τω αιμαν υιους δεκα τεσσαρας και θυγατερας τρεις
Latin: omnes isti filii Heman videntis regis in sermonibus Dei ut exaltaret cornu deditque Deus Heman filios quattuordecim et filias tres
29. Striking a chord
The Greek prefix "
κρου-" having to do with "
striking" appears nine times in the
GNT (Greek New Testament) and once in the
LXX.
30. Matthew 7:7
KJV: Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you:
Greek: αιτειτε και δοθησεται υμιν ζητειτε και ευρησετε κρουετε και ανοιγησεται υμιν
Here is the corresponding verse in Luke.
31. Luke 11:9
KJV: And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.
Greek: καγω υμιν λεγω αιτειτε και δοθησεται υμιν ζητειτε και ευρησετε κρουετε και ανοιγησεται υμιν
32. Matthew 7:8
KJV: For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened.
Greek: πας γαρ ο αιτων λαμβανει και ο ζητων ευρισκει και τω κρουοντι ανοιγησεται
Here is the corresponding verse in Luke.
33. Luke 11:10
KJV: For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened.
Greek: πας γαρ ο αιτων λαμβανει και ο ζητων ευρισκει και τω κρουοντι ανοιγησεται
34. Jesus at the door
Revelation 3:20 Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me. [kjv]
ιδου εστηκα επι την θυραν και κρουω εαν τις ακουση της φωνης μου και ανοιξη την θυραν εισελευσομαι προς αυτον και δειπνησω μετ αυτου και αυτος μετ εμου [gnt]
Sadly, Jesus is often not allowed in some churches. Some churches only allow the part of Jesus they like into their church. We see this in Revelation. Jesus is at the church door knocking. The "
hear" in Greek has a connotation of hearing with understanding. The church at Laodicia appears to not want Jesus in their church. Does this happen in any churches in modern times?
The Greek for "
voice" is, literally, "
light" into the "
mind".
35. Revelation 3:20
KJV: Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me.
Greek: ιδου εστηκα επι την θυραν και κρουω εαν τις ακουση της φωνης μου και ανοιξη την θυραν εισελευσομαι προς αυτον και δειπνησω μετ αυτου και αυτος μετ εμου
36. Painting
In Revelation, Jesus is knocking on the door at the church in Laodicea (model for the apostate church) asking them to open the door to let him in. The famous painting "
The Light of the World" by English painter William Holman Hunt (1827-1910) has Jesus knocking on a door which has no door handle.
The door in the painting has no handle, and can therefore be opened only from the inside, representing "the obstinately shut mind" (Hunt, 1905, Wikipedia)
How many churches today do
not let Jesus into their church? That is, they ignore or omit a lot of what Jesus says and only allow the part they like into their church.
There have been similar paintings on the same theme since Hunt's original work.
37. Christ at Heart's Door
A perhaps more well-known modern painting is "
Christ at Heart's Door" by Warner Sallman.
The progression from the original verse is that the "
church" in the original letter is now a "
person". Does this make a significant difference?
38. End of page
Psalms 150:3 Praise him with the sound of the trumpet: praise him with the psaltery and harp. [kjv]
An organ in a church has many parts that do work, much like the organs of the body do work.
