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Textus Receptus and model breaking
1. Textus Receptus and model breaking
This content is being developed.
2. Textus Receptus
The name
TR = Textus Receptus means "
received text" and sometimes called the "
majority text" (a misnomer). This was originally compiled by the Dutchman Desiderius Erasmus in 1516 and used for the basis of translations such as the
KJV = King James Version.
Tyndale used this Greek translation as the basis for his translation. Other translations include the Spanish "
Reina-Valera" and the Russian "
Synodal Bible". In some places, lacking complete Greek manuscripts, Erasmus used the Latin Vulgate to back-translate (i.e., fabricating) some of the
TR.
Starting in 1894, Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (and later others) began to modify the
TR to make it more in line with the
KJV.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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3. Textus Receptus and model breaking
The
TR often adds or changes (or removes) words that break a model of the underlying passage. Detecting this requires recognizing that a model exists and then how that model is broken with the changes.
Recognizing models or patterns help establish the semantic meaning of the passage in a fault-tolerant error-correcting way such that changes to the text that break the model or pattern become more evident.
This content is a start at consolidating some examples of this model-breaking in the
GNT (Greek New Testament).
... more to be added ...
4. Matthew
Since Matthew, who took notes on what Jesus said, has very intricate and carefully worded discourses with play on words, double meanings, etc. Thus, Matthew is a good place to discover models and how the
TR appears to have broken the models with changes.
Some of these changes appear to have been in trying reconcile the more literal Luke, recorded by Luke some twenty years later based on people's memories, with Matthew and his notes on what Jesus actually said.
5. Matthew 5:27 By them of old in the TR
Matthew 5:27 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: [kjv]
ηκουσατε οτι ερρεθη ου μοιχευσεις [gnt]
The "
by", "
them" and "
of old time" were added in the
TR.
This commandment to not "
commit adultery" stands by itself and is from God.
As often is the case, the changes in the
TR tend to
break the pattern or model established by other verses or the context of those verses.
6. Matthew 5:47 Ethnic heathens
Matthew 5:47 And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? do not even the publicans so? [kjv]
και εαν ασπασησθε τους αδελφους υμων μονον τι περισσον ποιειτε ουχι και οι εθνικοι τοαυτο ποιουσιν [gnt]
The
KJV often uses the word
"heathen",
"pagans" or
"gentiles". Here, the
TR changes this word to
"tax collectors" which breaks the model. The Greek word is that of
"ethnicity" having to do with people in general. The ancient Greek word
"ἐθνικός" ≈ "national" and comes from the ancient Greek word
"ἔθνος" ≈ "tribe, family, nation" but can mean any group such as a group of animals (flock, herd, etc.).
In Jewish and Christian terminology, this word often means gentiles. Does it always mean gentiles? Jesus tends to use the word to refer to the "
fish" in the "
sea" of humanity and calls on disciples to be "
fishers" of "
men" (i.e., "
fish").
7. Matthew 18:15 Agreement
Matthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
εαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]
The
TR adds the "
against thee" which breaks the model. A
"sin" is, literally, anything that is
"not a witness". The Greek for
"gained" means that the two are in
"agreement" since they have
"gained" each other in a
win-win situation.
The verse says nothing about which side was "
right" or "
wrong".
In a
simple analysis, looking at only
one issue, there are
four possibilities. Cases 2 and 3 are
less likely.
8. Matthew 18:15 Agreement
Matthew 18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. [kjv]
εαν δε αμαρτηση ο αδελφος σου υπαγε ελεγξον αυτον μεταξυ σου και αυτου μονου εαν σου ακουση εκερδησας τον αδελφον σου [gnt]
There are
two cases that are
more likely in the case of
"agreement" where each brother has
"gained" the other brother in a
win-win situation. Would a compromise in cases 2 and 3 be considered a
win-win situation?
The verse says
nothing about which side was "
right" or "
wrong".
9. Matthew 18:19 Again
Matthew 18:19 Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
παλιν αμην λεγω υμιν οτι εαν δυο συμφωνησωσιν εξ υμων επι της γης περι παντος πραγματος ου εαν αιτησωνται γενησεται αυτοις παρα του πατρος μου του εν ουρανοις [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"πάλιν" ≈ "again, once more" and can mean
"back in time" and is related to the ancient Greek word
"παλιά" ≈ "old". The modern Greek word
"πάλιν" (PA-leen) ≈ "again".
Hebrew (often) uses repetition of the same thing in different ways so that one does
not misinterpret what is being said. This appears to be mostly for small sound-bites.
Dilbert manager: If you do not understand, try saying it
slower and
louder.
How does
Jesus say the same thing in different ways for entire discourses so that one does not misinterpret what he is saying? Jesus sometimes uses the word
"again". So when Jesus says
"again", one should look at what has just been said (i.e., in that same discourse) to see to what the
"again" refers.
The
TR adds the "
of you" which
breaks the pattern model of the discourse where
one of the
two is
Jesus.
10. Matthew 19:29 Disjunction
Matthew 19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
και πας οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει [gnt]
The
KJV does not directly translate the Greek word that means "
whoever" and is a play on words with "
hostile" or "
bones".
The
KJV translates as "
forsaken" the Greek word that is "
let go" and is often translated "
forgiven".
The
TR adds "
or wife" which appears to break the model.
The
KJV translates as "
receive" the Greek word that means "
take" and is
not used by Jesus in a good sense. The only thing you are to "
take" appears to be yourself and your "
cross".
11. End of page
