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1 Thessalonians 2:8 A wicked translation
1. 1 Thessalonians 2:8 A wicked translation
2. Thessalonians
3. 1 Thessalonians 2:8 A wicked translation
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
… revelabitur … iniquus … interficiet spiritu oris … destruet inlustratione adventus … [v]
The
"wicked" one is that of
"lawlessness" or
"against the law". This one appears to be
"revealed" on in
"Revelation".
If the
"wicked one" is
"consumed" and
"destroyed", that one should not need to be mentioned in following verses. Perhaps some words have meanings different than what was translated.
4. Cases
Some languages have more
cases than others. Here are some cases.
| N |
Nominative |
| D |
Dative |
| A |
Accusative |
| G |
Genitive |
| V |
Vocative |
|
... |
The Greek word for
"case" comes from the ancient Greek word
"πτώση" ≈ "fallen, dropped". A similar phrase is used in English is a reference to a
"lower class" or
"low life" or
"culturally abused". This Greek word is related to the Greek word for
"poor" or
"beggar" but is a word used by Jesus to refer to those who need the "
Good News".
In grammar, the word means a
"case" such as nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, etc. In a logical syllogism, it can mean an arrangement of terms.
5. Dative case
In the dative case, English often uses a word to help disambiguate the meaning of "
the" such as "
with the", "
to the", "
by the", etc. Translation issues arise when (ambiguous) pronouns are used.
What is the meaning difference, if any, in the following?
Fairly clear: John gives his ball to Bob.
Ambiguous his: John gives Bob his ball.
Fairly clear: his: John gives Bob his ball back.
Ambiguous his: John gives to Bob his ball.
What is the meaning difference, if any, in the following?
Andrew, whom Bob shall break the stick in his hand and destroy the idea in his head.
Andrew, whom Bob shall break with the stick in his hand and destroy with the idea in his head.
6. Problem at the hospital
Some movies use this ambiguity as humor. Some people like this humor. Some do not. Here is an example from one of the
Airplane movies.
Be
hospitable and not
hostile!
Person A: There's a problem at the hospital.
Person B: What is it?
Person A: It's a big building with patients, but that's not important now.
The pronoun "
it" is somewhat ambiguous. Pronouns usually refers to the
nearest noun, but not always. This is an example of one problem that makes
NLP (Natural Language Processing) by computers difficult.
7. Telescopes
The
man saw the
woman with the
telescope. Who has the telescope?
☐ Is the man using the telescope to look at the woman?
☐ Is the man looking at a woman who has a telescope?
Notice how the ambiguity increases if the names are both male (or female).
☐
Andrew saw
Bob with the telescope.
☐
He saw him
with the telescope.
☐
Alice saw
Beverly with the telescope.
☐
She saw
her with the telescope.
8. Telescope
Telescope paraphrase: (which ones make sense)
Mary, of whom Bob shall see with his telescope.
Mary, of whom Bob shall see with her telescope.
Mary, of whom Bob shall see her telescope.
Mary, of whom Bob shall see his telescope.
Verse paraphrase: (which ones make sense)
The wicked one, whom Jesus shall consume with the spirit of the mouth of Jesus
The wicked one, whom Jesus shall consume with the spirit of the mouth of the wicked one.
The wicked one, whom Jesus shall consume the spirit of the mouth of Jesus
The wicked one, whom Jesus shall consume the spirit of the mouth of the wicked one.
9. We three kings of orient are
Matthew 2:1 Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem, [kjv]
2:2 Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him. [kjv]
Who are the "
wise men"?
From where came the "
wise men"?
John saw Mary with the telescope. Who has the telescope?
The wise men saw the star in the east. Were the wise men looking east or west?
[language ambiguity, Magi, Daniel, Parthians, Masada, Herod's army]
10. Sentence diagrams and parsing
Sentence diagrams are a graphical way to show the semantic and syntactic structure of a sentence.
The abstract syntax is the parsed representation of the actual text such as "subject verb".
The concrete syntax is the syntax of the actual text such as "children nap".
Due to differences in human opinion, speech, etc., there are many ambiguities that arise in the parsing of text. This can be the result of intentional ambiguity, deception, jokes, etc.
11. Sentence diagram ambiguity
Some people think that a
sentence diagram will help understand the meaning. There is no magic in a sentence diagram.
Seldom can a fixed grammar create a
sentence diagram. Even then, each
POS (Part of Speech), with inflections, needs to be decided.
Thus, a
sentence diagram is usually created by deciding what the parse should be and then creating a visual representation as a
sentence diagram.
12. Simple parsing ambiguity example
 |
 |
1. Default precedence.
|
2. Non-default precedence
|
What is the value of the expression
2*3+5?
Math people tend to think in terms of text and parentheses.
Computer people tend to think in terms of trees without parentheses.
Changing the root changes the implicit parentheses.
A
syntax tree, similar to a
sentence diagram does not help decide the meaning since the
syntax tree depicts the meaning as decided by the precedence rules. The usual mathematical rule is that multiplication is done first and then addition. Natural language does not have such default rules.
Without rules on operator precedence, the value is ambiguous. Mathematics tends to use parentheses to disambiguate. Computer science tends to use trees since trees are used internally for computational ordering. The parentheses disappear inside the computer. Here are two ways to parse
2*3+5.
13. Whom
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
The Greek word translated as "
whom" is the direct object as a singular, masculine, accusative pronoun.
14. 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Revelation
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
The "
with" is added and is
not in the Greek. The dative definite article pronoun "
the" is used. The first is masculine, the second feminine.
Greek can but often does not require such a disambiguating word.
Translators will often add such a word in English that is not in the Greek and then rationalize their decision as if it were the only decision that could have been made.
A problem arises when there are double meanings, play on words, ambiguous pronouns, etc. That appears to be the case here.
The problem here is that adding the "
with" assumes that the Lord Jesus is using his mouth and brightness, etc. Without the "
with" it could be the mouth, brightness, etc., of the
wicked one. Many translations make an assumption without letting the reader know about the decision.
15. Declarative models
Genesis 1:3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. [kjv]
και ειπεν ο θεος γενηθητω φως και εγενετο φως [lxx]
When you "
declare" something, like the "
Declaration of Independence", you state that something is what you want it to be.
A
declarative model of a system is a model that describes the
what of a system but not the
how or
why of a system.
The declarative part of what the system does is (often) explained in a model without getting into details of ordering of subparts of the system.
The control part of how the system does it and the order in which things are done is not (usually) explained in a model.
This distinction made is made in computer science and software engineering (and other areas).
16. 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Logic and control
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
Many statements, including prophecy, in the Bible, are declarative and not procedural/imperative.
Logic/declarative: what will happen
Control/procedure/imperative: how it will happen
The
KJV (King James Version), by changing the meaning of some Greek words (influenced by the Latin) and adding "
with" changes the meaning from a
declarative sense to a
procedural/
imperative sense.
17. Genesis 1:1 Declarative models
Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. [kjv]
εν αρχη εποιησεν ο θεος τον ουρανον και την γην [lxx]
The "
declarative" model of creation is before Adam and Eve were created. The exact
way it happened
does not matter.
It does not make sense to try to map time and space of reality as is known now to the that period.
The "
historical" model of humanity started with Adam and continues to the present day. The exact
dates do not matter.
This is known more precisely since the start of written records and less precisely before then.
To show that the Bible is a true message from the creator, (fault-tolerant and error correcting) authentication codes are needed.
18. Declarative models
Here are some ideas presented in the Bible that appear to fit a declarative model better than an procedural/imperative model.
Seven day creation week. Creation science groups make procedural/imperative assumptions.
Rapture: The "Left behind" series makes procedural/imperative assumptions.
Not one stone left (temple destruction).
Discuss: Identify prophecies in the Bible that were stated in a declarative manner and that appear to have been fulfilled in a specific procedural/imperative manner.
19. Strongs - slay
- *G337 *24 ἀναιρέω (an-ahee-reh'-o) : from G303 and (the active of) 138; to take up, i.e. adopt; by implication, to take away (violently), i.e. abolish, murder:--put to death, kill, slay, take away, take up.
- ανελειν *6
- Acts 5:33 ... that, they were cut to the heart, and took counsel to slay them.
- Acts 7:28 Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?
- Acts 9:23 ... were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel to kill him:
- Acts 9:29 ... the Grecians: but they went about to slay him.
- Acts 23:15 ... come near, are ready to kill him.
- Acts 25:3 ... wait in the way to kill him.
- ανελωσιν *3
- Luke 22:2 ... scribes sought how they might kill him; for they feared the people.
- Acts 9:24 ... and night to kill him.
- Acts 23:21 ... nor drink till they have killed him: and now ...
- ανειλεν *2
- Matthew 2:16 ... wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were ...
- Acts 12:2 And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
- αναιρεθηναι *2
- Luke 23:32 ... led with him to be put to death.
- Acts 13:28 ... in him, yet desired they Pilate that he should be slain.
- ανειλατε
- Acts 2:23 ... wicked hands have crucified and slain:
- ανηρεθη
- Acts 5:36 ... four hundred, joined themselves: who was slain; and all, as many as ...
- ανειλατο
- Acts 7:21 And when he was cast out, Pharaoh's daughter took ...
- ανειλες
- Acts 7:28 Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?
- ανειλαν
- Acts 10:39 ... in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree:
- αναιρειν
- Acts 16:27 ... he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled.
- αναιρουντων
- Acts 22:20 ... kept the raiment of them that slew him.
- αναιρεισθαι
- Acts 23:27 ... the Jews, and should have been killed of them: then came I ...
- αναιρουμενων
- Acts 26:10 ... the chief priests; and when they were put to death, I gave my voice against them.
- ανελει
- 2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom ...
- αναιρει
- Hebrews 10:9 ... thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.
20. Usage - slay
*G337 *24 ἀναιρέω (an-ahee-reh'-o) : from G303 and (the active of) 138; to take up, i.e. adopt; by implication, to take away (violently), i.e. abolish, murder:--put to death, kill, slay, take away, take up.
The
TR (Textus Receptus) (less reliable) uses the ancient Greek word
"ἀναιρέω" ≈ "take up, carry away, abolish, cancel". In
context, it could mean "
kill", "
slay", etc.
The
NA (Nestle Aland) (more reliable) uses the ancient Greek word
"ἀναλύω" ≈ "cause to wander, unloose, undo, resolve". In
context, it can mean to "
do away with" a problem as in causing someone to "
die". In the Soviet Union, a word such as "
liquidate" was used as a euphemism for "
killing".
liquidate
pacify
ethnic cleansing
21. 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Allow to consume
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
… revelabitur … iniquus … interficiet spiritu oris … destruet inlustratione adventus … [v]
It appears that English translations are influenced by the Latin Vulgate
"interficio" ≈ "kill, destroy, slay". The ancient Greek word
"ἀναλύω" ≈ "cause to wander, unloose, undo resolve" and is the source of the English word
"analyze" as in
"taking apart" (in order to understand)
It appears that the Lord Jesus will
"allow" or
"unloose" the (false) "
spirit" of the "
mouth" of the "
wicked one". That the "
wicked one" uses this "
spirit" of his "
mouth" is stated in a few verses.
22. Aristotle: Topica
English: ...so that in the other cases it is possible to destroy the statement in two ways, by showing either that it does not belong or that it does not belong in a particular way, but in the case of the accident it is impossible to destroy it except by showing that it does not belong. (Loeb#391)
Greek: Ὥστ´ ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἄλλων διχῶς ἔστιν ἀνελεῖν, ἢ δείξαντα ὅτι οὐχ ὑπάρχει ἢ ὅτι οὐχ οὕτως ὑπάρχει· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνελεῖν ἀλλ´ ἢ δείξαντα ὅτι οὐχ ὑπάρχει. Aristotle: Tocica [155a]
Aristotle uses this word twice in two sentences. It appears that the translator did not understand what Aristotle was saying in terms of logic. Perhaps influenced by other uses of the word, as in the
GNT (Greek New Testament), the translation as "
destroy" does not make sense here whereas "
analyze" as in "
take apart" to "
unloose" does make sense. In the previous pages, Aristotle does use the word for "
confirm" and "
refute" as in "
destroy" (omitted).
In the second usage, Aristotle says that if you "
analyze" or "
break apart" the claim, one cannot fail to see that it is not valid.
23. Aristotle: Topica
In order to "
refute" or "
destroy" a claim, one must first "
analyze" or "
take apart" the claim. Then, one can either "
confirm" or "
refute" or "
destroy" the claim. This is what Aristotle appears to be saying.
One must "analyze" a claim in order to then "destroy" or "confirm" it by using appropriate logic.
One does not "destroy" a claim until it is "analyzed" since it may be a valid claim.
This is an example of the
converse fallacy (in the translation). The Greek translated as "
belong" is that of "
existence".
24. 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Brightness of his coming
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
… revelabitur … iniquus … interficiet spiritu oris … destruet inlustratione adventus … [v]
The Greek word translated as
"brightness" is the ancient Greek word
"ἐπιφάνεια" ≈ "appearance, manifestation" and is the source of the English word
"epiphany".
English translations appear to be influenced by the Latin word
"inlustro" ≈ "illuminate brighten, light up" which is another form of the Latin word
"illustrao" ≈ "illuminate, brighten, light up" and is the source of the English words
"illustrious" and
"illustration".
25. Pun: Antiochus Epiphanies
Acts 26:24 And as he thus spake for himself, Festus said with a loud voice, Paul, thou art beside thyself; much learning doth make thee mad. [kjv]
ταυτα δε αυτου απολογουμενου ο φηστος μεγαλη τη φωνη φησιν μαινη παυλε τα πολλα σε γραμματα εις μανιαν περιτρεπει [gnt]
His original name was "
Mithridates". Daniel refers to him in prophecy about 400 years before, Jesus refers to him about 200 years later as a sign for the end times, and his actions led to the revolt and re-dedication of the temple during the Maccabean revolt and called "
Hanukkah".
The ancient Greek word
"ἐπιφάνεια" ≈ "appearance, manifestation".
Since Antiochus Epiphanies was a mad tyrant who considered himself
"illustrious", a common pun (not to his face) was to call him "
Antiochus Epimanes", "
mad one" as in the ancient Greek word
"μανία" ≈ "madness, frenzy" and is the English word
"mania" .
Thus, the play on words way goes between the phi «
φ» ("
f" sound) and the mu «
μ» ("
m" sound).
26. Strongs - annul
- *G2673 *27 καταργέω (kat-arg-eh'-o) : from G2596 and G691; to be (render) entirely idle (useless), literally or figuratively:--abolish, cease, cumber, deliver, destroy, do away, become (make) of no (none, without) effect, fail, loose, bring (come) to nought, put away (down), vanish away, make void.
- καταργησει *3
- Romans 3:3 ... their unbelief make the faith of God without effect?
- 1 Corinthians 6:13 ... for meats: but God shall destroy both it and ...
- 2 Thessalonians 2:8 ... of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:
- κατηργηται *3
- Romans 4:14 ... is made void, and the promise made of none effect:
- Romans 7:2 ... if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband.
- Galatians 5:11 ... suffer persecution? then is the offence of the cross ceased.
- καταργηση *3
- 1 Corinthians 1:28 ... which are not, to bring to nought things that are:
- 1 Corinthians 15:24 ... even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and ...
- Hebrews 2:14 ... that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, ...
- καταργηθησεται *2
- 1 Corinthians 13:8 ... whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.
- 1 Corinthians 13:10 ... that which is in part shall be done away.
- καταργειται *2
- 1 Corinthians 15:26 The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.
- 2 Corinthians 3:14 ... of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ.
- καταργει
- Luke 13:7 ... it down; why cumbereth it the ground?
- καταργουμεν
- Romans 3:31 Do we then make void the law through faith? ...
- καταργηθη
- Romans 6:6 ... him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we ...
- κατηργηθημεν
- Romans 7:6 But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead ...
- καταργουμενων
- 1 Corinthians 2:6 ... of this world, that come to nought:
- καταργηθησονται
- 1 Corinthians 13:8 ... whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.
- κατηργηκα
- 1 Corinthians 13:11 ... when I became a man, I put away childish things.
- καταργουμενην
- 2 Corinthians 3:7 ... of his countenance; which glory was to be done away:
- καταργουμενον
- 2 Corinthians 3:11 For if that which is done away was glorious, much ...
- καταργουμενου
- 2 Corinthians 3:13 ... to the end of that which is abolished:
- καταργησαι
- Galatians 3:17 ... disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.
- κατηργηθητε
- Galatians 5:4 Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified ...
- καταργησας
- Ephesians 2:15 Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law ...
- καταργησαντος
- 2 Timothy 1:10 ... Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought ...
27. Usage - annul
*G2673 *27 καταργέω (kat-arg-eh'-o) : from G2596 and G691; to be (render) entirely idle (useless), literally or figuratively:--abolish, cease, cumber, deliver, destroy, do away, become (make) of no (none, without) effect, fail, loose, bring (come) to nought, put away (down), vanish away, make void.
The ancient Greek word
"καταργέω" ≈ "leave unemployed, leave idle, make of no effect".
"κατα" ≈ "down" as in getting serious about something (as a prefix).
"ἀργέω" ≈ "idle, doing nothing" which is the negation of the Greek word for "work".
28. An opus on the workings of work
Matthew 20:2 And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny a day, he sent them into his vineyard. [kjv]
συμφωνησας δε μετα των εργατων εκ δηναριου την ημεραν απεστειλεν αυτους εις τον αμπελωνα αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἔργον" (er-gon) ≈ "work" is the source of the physics term
"erg" for work and is related to many other
PIE (Proto Indo-European) words for
"work".
20:3 And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace, [kjv]
και εξελθων περι τριτην ωραν ειδεν αλλους εστωτας εν τη αγορα αργους [gnt]
The
negation of the Greek word for
"work" is the ancient Greek word
"αεργος" ≈ "not working, idle" which contracted to
"αργος" ≈ "not working, idle" and is the source of the name for the chemical element
"Argon" as a "
lazy gas".
29. No effect
30. Romans 7:2
KJV: For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband so long as he liveth; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband.
Greek: η γαρ υπανδρος γυνη τω ζωντι ανδρι δεδεται νομω εαν δε αποθανη ο ανηρ κατηργηται απο του νομου του ανδρος
31. Romans 4:14
KJV: For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect:
Greek: ει γαρ οι εκ νομου κληρονομοι κεκενωται η πιστις και κατηργηται η επαγγελια
32. No effect
33. 1 Corinthians 13:11
KJV: When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things.
Greek: οτε ημην νηπιος ως νηπιος ελαλουν ως νηπιος εφρονουν ως νηπιος ελογιζομην ως νηπιος οτε δε γεγονα ανηρ κατηργηκα τα του νηπιου
34. Galatians 5:4
KJV: Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace.
Greek: κατηργηθητε απο του χριστου οιτινες εν νομω δικαιουσθε της χαριτος εξεπεσατε
35. 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Delay the destruction
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
… revelabitur … iniquus … interficiet spiritu oris … destruet inlustratione adventus … [v]
The Greek translated as
"destroy" is that of
"make idle" or
"make of no effect" and the Greek translated as
"brightness" is that of
"appearing".
It appears that the Greek word translated
"destroy" is influenced by the Latin Vulgate word
"destruo" ≈ "destroy, demolish, ruin" which is the source of the English words
"destroy" and
"destruct".
36. 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Revelation
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
The "
with" appears to have been
added in the Greek. Does omitting the "
with" change the meaning of "
he" or "
it"? The Greek word translated as "
who" can mean the "
being" or "
creature".
☐
KJV:
... whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of His mouth and shall destroy with the brightness of His coming.
☐ Greek without "
with":
... whom/creature the Lord shall allow/release the (false) spirit of his (the wicked one's) mouth and nullify the appearance of his (wicked one's) coming.
If the
"wicked one" is still around (as in the next verses), perhaps the effect is more or less depending on how the individual reacts to the
"wicked one". In the next verse, Paul describes these attributes of the
"wicked one". The pronoun for "
his" is
ambiguous. Does the pronoun go with the nearest noun?
37. 2 Thessalonians 2:8
KJV: And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:
Greek: και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος αναλωσει ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου
Latin: et tunc revelabitur ille iniquus quem Dominus Iesus interficiet spiritu oris sui et destruet inlustratione adventus sui
38. End of page
Romans 4:14 For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect: [kjv]
ει γαρ οι εκ νομου κληρονομοι κεκενωται η πιστις και κατηργηται η επαγγελια [gnt]
7:2 For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband so long as he liveth; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband. [kjv]
η γαρ υπανδρος γυνη τω ζωντι ανδρι δεδεται νομω εαν δε αποθανη ο ανηρ κατηργηται απο του νομου του ανδρος [gnt]
1 Corinthians 13:11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things. [kjv]
οτε ημην νηπιος ελαλουν ως νηπιος εφρονουν ως νηπιος ελογιζομην ως νηπιος οτε γεγονα ανηρ κατηργηκα τα του νηπιου [gnt]
Galatians 5:4 Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace. [kjv]
κατηργηθητε απο χριστου οιτινες εν νομω δικαιουσθε της χαριτος εξεπεσατε [gnt]
