A descriptive after-the-fact model describes things after-the-fact as if they could have been predicted. A predictive model predicts what will happen, with high probability, before-the-fact.
A lot of engineering is predictive before-the-fact.
A lot of marketing is descriptive after-the-fact.
A fallacy, here named the descriptive model fallacy, is that one can often convince people that a descriptive model is, in fact, predictive, by citing only evidence that supports that point of view.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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Matthew was a Jew, an eye witness to Jesus and a tax collector whose job required him to remember details and take detailed shorthand notes and records.
Luke was a Greek who interviewed people some 20 to 30 years later about what they remembered. The Luke account is a more literal account that fills in inferred literal details about actual rain, floods, winds, foundations, etc.
For nuanced possible interpretations, the account of Matthew appears to be more useful than the other Gospels.
