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1 Timothy 2:1, 4:4-5 Conversational interactions by prayer
1. 1 Timothy 2:1, 4:4-5 Conversational interactions by prayer
2. Meta-wishes
Romans 1:10 Making request, if by any means now at length I might have a prosperous journey by the will of God to come unto you. [kjv]
παντοτε επι των προσευχων μου δεομενος ει πως ηδη ποτε ευοδωθησομαι εν τω θεληματι του θεου ελθειν προς υμας [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"προσεύχομαι" ≈ "pray, vow, request" as in a request or wish comes from two Greek words.
"πρός" ≈ "to".
"εὔχομαι " ≈ "pray, vow" and which means, literally, a "good wish".
A
meta-wish is a wish about a wish. A genie usually forbids meta-wishes such as "
I wish I had three more wishes" as this ruins the story.
3. Romans 1:10
KJV: Making request, if by any means now at length I might have a prosperous journey by the will of God to come unto you.
Greek: παντοτε επι των προσευχων μου δεομενος ειπως ει πως ηδη ποτε ευοδωθησομαι εν τω θεληματι του θεου ελθειν προς υμας
4. Legal prayers
Romans 1:10 Making request, if by any means now at length I might have a prosperous journey by the will of God to come unto you. [kjv]
παντοτε επι των προσευχων μου δεομενος ει πως ηδη ποτε ευοδωθησομαι εν τω θεληματι του θεου ελθειν προς υμας [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"προσεύχομαι" ≈ "pray, vow, request" as in a request or wish.
In the legal field, the words
"prayer" and
"pray" are
legal terms with specific meanings in legal proceedings as in "
pray" for a "
remedy". Specifically, the prayer is a general
"request" for some "
remedy" the court may see fit to grant.
These meanings are related to the older English meaning of
"bid" as a
"prayer".
Legal terms tend to come into existence at a specific time in history. Then, case law uses those words with those meanings. It then becomes practically impossible to change any of the words or meanings.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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5. Matthew 18:19 Things
Matthew 18:19 Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
παλιν αμην λεγω υμιν οτι εαν δυο συμφωνησωσιν εξ υμων επι της γης περι παντος πραγματος ου εαν αιτησωνται γενησεται αυτοις παρα του πατρος μου του εν ουρανοις [gnt]
Sometimes the
KJV (King James Version) adds the word
"things" where does not appear in the Greek. In the Greek, it is usually just an adjective with an implied connection to something (i.e., a real or abstract thing or entity).
There is a Greek word for
"thing" or
"things" as used in Matthew 18:19. The ancient Greek word
"πρᾶγμα" ≈ "deed, act, fact" or a thing in a concrete reality is from the ancient Greek word
"πράσσω" ≈ "to do" and is the source of the English "
practical".
The modern Greek word
"πράγμα" (PRA-gma) ≈ "thing, entity, object". The ancient Greek word
"πραγματικός" ≈ "active, versed in affairs" is the source of the English
"pragmatic".
A physical
"thing" is different from something "
abstract" such as a meta-wish. That is, a "
wish" or "
prayer" should be about a
"thing" and not, say, a "
wish for a wish".
6. Things
There is a difference between a thing and talking about a thing. Kurt Gödel (Austrian logician, mathematician, philosopher)
7. Matthew 18:19
KJV: Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven.
Greek: παλιν αμην λεγω υμιν οτι εαν δυο υμων συμφωνησωσιν εξ υμων επι της γης περι παντος πραγματος ου εαν αιτησωνται γενησεται αυτοις παρα του πατρος μου του εν ουρανοις
8. Strongs - thing
- *G4229 *11 πρᾶγμα (prag'-mah) : from G4238; a deed; by implication, an affair; by extension, an object (material):--business, matter, thing, work.
- πραγματων *4
- Luke 1:1 ... to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us,
- Hebrews 6:18 That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible ...
- Hebrews 10:1 ... the very image of the things, can never with ...
- Hebrews 11:1 ... the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.
- πραγμα *3
- Acts 5:4 ... why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart? ...
- 1 Corinthians 6:1 Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law ...
- James 3:16 ... and every evil work.
- πραγματι *3
- Romans 16:2 ... her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for ...
- 2 Corinthians 7:11 ... to be clear in this matter.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:6 ... his brother in any matter: because that the Lord is the avenger ...
- πραγματος
- Matthew 18:19 ... earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done ...
9. Usage - thing
*G4229 *11 πρᾶγμα (prag'-mah) : from G4238; a deed; by implication, an affair; by extension, an object (material):--business, matter, thing, work.
 |
Words: πραγμα=3 πραγματι=3 πραγματος πραγματων=4
|
10. Aristotle: Propositions and prayers
The ancient Greek word
"προσεύχομαι" ≈ "pray, vow, request" as in putting forth a
"request" or
"wish". Aristotle uses the shorter form
"εὐχή" ≈ "prayer,wish".
The modern Greek word
"ευχή" (ev-KHEE) ≈ "religious blessing, wish" and has been influenced by the
GNT (Greek New Testament).
English: We call propositions those only that have truth or falsity in them. A prayer is, for instance, a sentence but neither has truth nor has falsity. Let us pass over on such as their study more properly belongs to the province of rhetoric or poetry. (Loeb#325, p. 121)
Greek: ἀποφαντικὸς δὲ οὐ πᾶς, ἀλλ' ἐν ᾧ τὸ ἀληθεύειν ἢ ψεύδεσθαι ὑπάρχει· οὐκ ἐν ἅπασι δὲ ὑπάρχει, οἷον ἡ εὐχὴ λόγος μέν, ἀλλ' οὔτ' ἀληθὴς οὔτε ψευδής. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι ἀφείσθωσαν, - ῥητορικῆς γὰρ ἢ ποιητικῆς οἰκειοτέρα ἡ σκέψις,… Aristotle: On Interpretation [17a]
Have you ever heard someone
"pray" in a church setting and, in their
"prayer", state
"propositions" that are
"true" or
"false"? This happens when someone states a
"proposition" in a prayer and implicitly assumes and/or implies that what is said is
"true" or
"false" (depending on context).
Discuss: Should a religious
"prayer" state only
"requests" or
"wishes" (and the reality background of them) and avoid
"propositions" that are
"true" or
"false"? Explain your reasoning.
Discuss: Should a pastor inject personal opinions on politics or social issues as claims or statements in a prayer? This is often done to convince those in the pews that God has approved of these views.
11. Matthew 6:9-13 Lord's Prayer
Matthew 6:9 After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. [kjv]
6:10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. [kjv]
6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. [kjv]
6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. [kjv]
6:13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. [kjv]
The only part of the Lord's Prayer that is
not a "
wish" or "
request" (except the address part at the beginning) is the part that is
not in some Greek manuscripts. The
TR (Textus Receptus) appears to have added this part.
12. Matthew 6:9
KJV: After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.
Greek: ουτως ουν προσευχεσθε υμεις πατερ ημων ο εν τοις ουρανοις αγιασθητω το ονομα σου
13. Matthew 6:10
KJV: Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.
Greek: ελθετω ελθατω η βασιλεια σου γενηθητω το θελημα σου ως εν ουρανω και επι της γης
14. Matthew 6:11
KJV: Give us this day our daily bread.
Greek: τον αρτον ημων τον επιουσιον δος ημιν σημερον
15. Matthew 6:12
KJV: And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
Greek: και αφες ημιν τα οφειληματα ημων ως και ημεις αφιεμεν αφηκαμεν τοις οφειλεταις ημων
16. Matthew 6:13
KJV: And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.
Greek: και μη εισενεγκης ημας εις πειρασμον αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου οτι σου εστιν η βασιλεια και η δυναμις και η δοξα εις τους αιωνας αμην
17. Leper's prayer
Mark 1:40 And there came a leper to him, beseeching him, and kneeling down to him, and saying unto him, If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. [kjv]
και ερχεται προς αυτον λεπρος παρακαλων αυτον και γονυπετων λεγων αυτω οτι εαν θελης δυνασαι με καθαρισαι [gnt]
The passage from Mark is often called the "
leper's prayer". Note that the verses do not use the word prayer nor is that indicated. The leper makes a
"request" using the ancient and modern Greek word that means
"please" and sometimes for "
hello" as in getting someone's attention.
The equivocation here is that a prayer is, literally, a spoken request. The leper makes a spoken request. The modern English meaning of "
prayer" is typically that of kneeling down, closing eyes, folding hands and making requests to God.
18. 1 Timothy 2:1, 4:4-5 Conversational interactions by prayer
1 Timothy 4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
sanctificatur … verbum … orationem [v]
What is
"it"? Have you ever heard that praying can be like a "
conversation" with God? Paul refers to that but some translations use the word
"prayer" or, to avoid translating the word to
"prayer" right next to the Greek word for
"prayer", as
"intercession".
2:1 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; [kjv]
παρακαλω ουν πρωτον παντων ποιεισθαι δεησεις προσευχας εντευξεις ευχαριστιας υπερ παντων ανθρωπων [gnt]
… obsecrationes orationes postulationes gratiarum … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"ἐντευξιν" ≈ "encounter, interaction" and can in specific sense be a petition, but Paul had available and had already used a word for
"prayer".
It appears, that as often happens, the Latin Vulgate translation influenced later translations. To determine the
"it" in verse 4:5, one needs to inspect the previous verses. Context is important!
19. Selective evidence fallacy: Verse context matters
To determine the
"it" in verse 4:5, one needs to inspect the previous verses. Context is important!
Whenever studying excerpts of the Bible (or any book for that matter), one should always look at the context in which that excerpted segment is taken. Every part of a document has been
"woven" together with
"texture", like a garment without a seam.
John 19:23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. [kjv]
οι ουν στρατιωται οτε εσταυρωσαν τον ιησουν ελαβον τα ιματια αυτου και εποιησαν τεσσαρα μερη εκαστω στρατιωτη μερος και τον χιτωνα ην δε ο χιτων αραφος εκ των ανωθεν υφαντος δι ολου [gnt]
… contexta … [v]
The word
"context" comes from the Latin
"contextus" ≈ "joining together, weaving together" which comes from the Latin
"texere" ≈ "to weave, to make". The English word
"texture" is from the Latin word
"textura" ≈ "weaving, web, texture".
20. 1 Timothy 4:1-3 Context
1 Timothy 4:1 Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; [kjv]
το δε πνευμα ρητως λεγει οτι εν υστεροις καιροις αποστησονται τινες της πιστεως προσεχοντες πνευμασιν πλανοις και διδασκαλιαις δαιμονιων [gnt]
4:2 Speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron; [kjv]
εν υποκρισει ψευδολογων κεκαυστηριασμενων την ιδιαν συνειδησιν [gnt]
4:3 Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. [kjv]
κωλυοντων γαμειν απεχεσθαι βρωματων α ο θεος εκτισεν εις μεταλημψιν μετα ευχαριστιας τοις πιστοις και επεγνωκοσιν την αληθειαν [gnt]
Discuss: Have churches, over time, ever forbidden some to marry or made requirements to abstain from certain foods? Are there any examples of wandering
"spirits" or teachings based on the devil? Here we are interested in verse 3.
The Greek word translated as
"hypocrisy" meant acting or pretending.
21. 1 Timothy 4:1
KJV: Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils;
Greek: το δε πνευμα ρητως λεγει οτι εν υστεροις καιροις αποστησονται τινες της πιστεως προσεχοντες πνευμασιν πλανοις και διδασκαλιαις δαιμονιων
22. 1 Timothy 4:2
KJV: Speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron;
Greek: εν υποκρισει ψευδολογων κεκαυτηριασμενων κεκαυστηριασμενων την ιδιαν συνειδησιν
23. 1 Timothy 4:3
KJV: Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth.
Greek: κωλυοντων γαμειν απεχεσθαι βρωματων α ο θεος εκτισεν εις μεταληψιν μεταλημψιν μετα ευχαριστιας τοις πιστοις και επεγνωκοσιν την αληθειαν
24. 1 Timothy 4:3 Parts of speech
1 Timothy 4:3 Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. [kjv]
κωλυοντων γαμειν απεχεσθαι βρωματων α ο θεος εκτισεν εις μεταλημψιν μετα ευχαριστιας τοις πιστοις και επεγνωκοσιν την αληθειαν [gnt]
| 1 Timothy 4:3 |
| Strong |
Used |
Unique |
Word |
Part of speech |
| G2967 |
23 |
2 |
κωλυοντων |
verb present active participle genitive plural masculine |
| G1060 |
28 |
4 |
γαμειν |
verb present active infinitive |
| G567 |
6 |
5 |
απεχεσθαι |
verb present middle infinitive |
| G1033 |
17 |
1 |
βρωματων |
noun genitive plural neuter |
| G3739 |
1398 |
115 |
α |
relative pronoun accusative plural neuter |
| G3588 |
19706 |
2882 |
ο |
article nominative singular masculine |
| G2316 |
1305 |
305 |
θεος |
noun nominative singular masculine |
| G2936 |
14 |
3 |
εκτισεν |
verb aorist active indicative 3rd person singular |
| G1519 |
1763 |
1763 |
εις |
preposition |
| G3336 |
1 |
1 |
μεταλημψιν |
noun accusative singular feminine |
| G3326 |
468 |
294 |
μετα |
preposition |
| G2169 |
15 |
5 |
ευχαριστιας |
noun genitive singular feminine |
| G3588 |
19706 |
620 |
τοις |
article dative plural masculine |
| G4103 |
67 |
4 |
πιστοις |
adjective dative plural masculine |
| G2532 |
8954 |
8954 |
και |
conjunction |
| G1921 |
44 |
1 |
επεγνωκοσι |
verb perfect active participle dative plural masculine |
| G3588 |
19706 |
1518 |
την |
article accusative singular feminine |
| G225 |
102 |
18 |
αληθειαν |
noun accusative singular feminine |
One
context is that of
"food" or
"meats" in the middle English, that God has created.
25. 1 Timothy 4:4 Parts of speech
1 Timothy 4:4 For every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving: [kjv]
οτι παν κτισμα θεου καλον και ουδεν αποβλητον μετα ευχαριστιας λαμβανομενον [gnt]
| 1 Timothy 4:4 |
| Strong |
Used |
Unique |
Word |
Part of speech |
| G3754 |
1282 |
1282 |
οτι |
conjunction |
| G3956 |
1225 |
75 |
παν |
adjective nominative singular neuter |
| G2938 |
4 |
2 |
κτισμα |
noun nominative singular neuter |
| G2316 |
1305 |
683 |
θεου |
noun genitive singular masculine |
| G2570 |
100 |
53 |
καλον |
adjective nominative singular neuter |
| G2532 |
8954 |
8954 |
και |
conjunction |
| G3762 |
233 |
84 |
ουδεν |
adjective nominative singular neuter comparative |
| G579 |
1 |
1 |
αποβλητον |
adjective nominative singular neuter |
| G3326 |
468 |
294 |
μετα |
preposition |
| G2169 |
15 |
5 |
ευχαριστιας |
noun genitive singular feminine |
| G2983 |
259 |
1 |
λαμβανομενον |
verb present passive participle nominative singular neuter |
The
"creature" is
singular and
neuter (grammatical gender).
26. 1 Timothy 4:5 Parts of speech
1 Timothy 4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
| 1 Timothy 4:5 |
| Strong |
Used |
Unique |
Word |
Part of speech |
| G37 |
28 |
1 |
αγιαζεται |
verb present passive indicative 3rd person singular |
| G1063 |
1033 |
1032 |
γαρ |
conjunction |
| G1223 |
632 |
488 |
δια |
preposition |
| G3056 |
325 |
28 |
λογου |
noun genitive singular masculine |
| G2316 |
1305 |
683 |
θεου |
noun genitive singular masculine |
| G2532 |
8954 |
8954 |
και |
conjunction |
| G1783 |
2 |
1 |
εντευξεως |
noun genitive singular feminine |
The reflexive verb for
"sanctified" is 3rd person
singular. The Greek here does
not specify whether the grammatical gender it is masculine, feminine or neuter. Sometimes it does.
The Greek word for
"sanctified" has to do with
"setting apart" as a person, a sacrifice, etc.
27. Pronoun
1 Timothy 4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
The Greek for "
sanctified" as a reflexive verb. Greek had and has (at least) three ways of specifying a subject-verb pair. Three are of interest here (ignoring word order).
"noun" "verb" where the "noun" is the "subject".
"pronoun" "verb" where the "pronoun" refers to the "noun" which is the "subject".
"verb" where the "pronoun" is implied and refers to the "noun" which is the "subject".
The "
it" in the English is
not in the Greek but is implied in the language. Ambiguity arises when it is not clear to which "
noun" the "
pronoun" refers.
There is additional ambiguity in this sequence of verses in that the "
noun" to which the "
pronoun" refers is itself ambiguous. Is that ambiguous "
noun" a
food from an
animal "
creation", following from the context of the previous verse, or is the "
noun" a "
creation" of a
human from the primary definition of the word "
creation"? It appears Paul may have
both in mind.
28. Pronoun
1 Timothy 4:4 For every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving: [kjv]
οτι παν κτισμα θεου καλον και ουδεν αποβλητον μετα ευχαριστιας λαμβανομενον [gnt]
4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
At one level, the
"it" appears to be every
"creature" or
"creation" of God which, by context, is
not human beings, but those creatures used for "
food".
At another level, the word for
"creature" or
"creation" is used elsewhere to refer to human beings.
It appears that Paul, as he often does, is being deliberately vague to allow both means to apply without contradiction in either meaning.
The Greek translated
"good" is the
"good" that God says during the days of creation in Genesis 1. It is
not the Greek for "
good" where Jesus affirms that no one is "
good" but God. Aristotle writes that there are many definitions of the word "
good".
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Details are left as a future topic.
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29. 1 Timothy 4:4
KJV: For every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving:
Greek: οτι παν κτισμα θεου καλον και ουδεν αποβλητον μετα ευχαριστιας λαμβανομενον
30. Latin
1 Timothy 4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
sanctificatur … verbum … orationem [v]
… waurd … bida. [got]
In context, the
"it" appears to be every
"creature" or
"creation" of God of which Paul appears to have two in mind.
☐ A
"creature" or
"creation" that could be used for
food.
☐ A
"creature" or
"creation" that is a
human being.
The ambiguous
"it" follows through Latin into English.
The Latin word
"oratus" ≈ "spoken, orated, begged, prayed" and is the origin of the English word "
orate", "
oratory", etc.
31. 1 Timothy 4:5
32. 1 Timothy 4:5
KJV: For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer.
Greek: αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως
Latin: sanctificatur enim per verbum Dei et orationem
Gothic: gaweihada auk thairh waurd gudis jah bida.
33. Prayer beads, Beade, and year dates
Matthew 9:38 Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth labourers into his harvest. [kjv]
biddað … [wes]
bidjith … [got]
The Old English word
"biddan" ≈ "ask, demand" and is the source of English words such as
"bid",
"bidding",
"bead" an it prayer beads, etc. This word was combined/conflated with the Old English word
"beodan" ≈ "offer, announce".
The monk
Beade, whose name meant
"prayer", starting dating events using the (incorrect dating system for the) birth of Christ. This calendar dating system is still used today. Beade used the term "
Easter" and it appears to have been used ever since.
5:42 Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away. [kjv]
… bidde… [wes]
… bidjandin … [got]
34. Strongs - conversation
- *G1783 *2 ἔντευξις (ent'-yook-sis) : from G1793; an interview, i.e. (specially) supplication:--intercession, prayer.
- εντευξεις
- 1 Timothy 2:1 ... of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for ...
- εντευξεως
- 1 Timothy 4:5 ... the word of God and prayer.
35. Usage - conversation
*G1783 *2 ἔντευξις (ent'-yook-sis) : from G1793; an interview, i.e. (specially) supplication:--intercession, prayer.
 |
Words: εντευξεις εντευξεως
|
The ancient Greek word
"ἐντευξιν" ≈ "encounter, interaction" and can in specific sense be a petition.
Strongs often starts with the Greek definition of a word, then changes that definition to fit what the meaning that was otherwise decided for that word. The ancient Greek word
"ἐντυγχάνω" ≈ "meet" as in an
"encounter". That
"encounter" might or might not be an
"interview".
This word is used only twice in the
GNT, by Paul in 1 Timothy. Sometimes this infrequent usage of a word indicates a pun or play on words. It appears that Paul is more likely to use play on words and puns when writing to a group such as a church than when writing to a person such as a pastor - as is the case in the letters to Timothy.
36. Clement to the Corinthians
English: Therefore, brothers and sisters, following the God of truth I am reading you an exhortation to pay attention to what is written, in order that you may save both yourselves and your reader. (Holmes, 2007, p. 165)
English: So then, brothers and sisters, now that we have heard this word from the God of Truth, I am reading you a request to pay attention to what has been written, so that you may save yourselves and the one who is your reader. [Loeb#24, p. 197]
Greek: 19.1 Ὥστε, ἀδελφοὶ καὶ ἀδελφαί, μετὰ τὸν θεὸν τῆς ἀληθείας ἀναγινώσκω ὑμῖν ἔντευξιν εἰς τὸ προσέχειν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις, ἵνα καὶ ἑαυτοὺς σώσητε καὶ τὸν ἀναγινώσκοντα ἐν ὑμῖν. Clement to the Corinthians 2 [19.1]
The ancient Greek title
"Κλήμεντος πρὸς Κορινθίους" ≈ "Clement to the Corinthians".
The ancient Greek word
"ἐντευξιν" ≈ "encounter, interaction" and can in specific sense be a petition.
The translator Holmes calls ii an "exhortation".
The translator Ehrman calls it an "request".
The general idea is that of an
"encounter" or
"interaction".
37. Aristotle: Prior Analytics
English: for the greater our supply of the latter, the sooner we shall arrive at a conclusion (Loeb#325, p. 389)
Greek: ὅσῳ μὲν γὰρ ἂν πλειόνων τοιούτων εὐπορῇ τις, θᾶττον ἐντεύξεται συμπεράσματι, ὅσῳ δ' ἂν ἀληθεστέρων, μᾶλλον ἀποδείξει. Aristotle: Prior Analytics [43b.4]
The ancient Greek phrase
"Αναλυτικών προτέρων" ≈ "Prior Analytics".
Aristotle (or the translator) appears to use the word in the sense of
"arriving" as part of the
"interaction" or
"encounter" to determine a
"conclusion"
38. Aristotle: Topics
English: They are three in number, mental training, conversations and the philosophic sciences. (Loeb#391, p. 277)
Greek: Ἔστι δὴ πρὸς τρία, πρὸς γυμνασίαν, πρὸς τὰς ἐντεύξεις, πρὸς τὰς κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν ἐπιστήμας. Aristotle: Topica [101a]
English: It is useful for conversations, because, having enumerated the opinions of the majority, we shall be dealing with people on the basis of their own opinions, not of those of others, changing the course of any argument which they appear to us to be using wrongly. (Loeb#391, p. 277)
Greek: πρὸς δὲ τὰς ἐντεύξεις, διότι τὰς τῶν πολλῶν κατηριθμημένοι δόξας οὐκ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἀλλ´ ἐκ τῶν οἰκείων δογμάτων ὁμιλήσομεν πρὸς αὐτούς, μεταβιβάζοντες ὅ τι ἂν μὴ καλῶς φαίνωνται λέγειν ἡμῖν· Aristotle: Topica [101a]
The ancient Greek phrase
"Τοπικά" ≈ "Topica". This translation is from 1960. The older meaning of the English word
"conversation" was that of general
"interaction" or
"encounter".
The ancient Greek word
"γυμνασίαν" ≈ "physical training, mental training" is the source of the English word
"gymnastics".
39. 1 Timothy 2:1
1 Timothy 2:1 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; [kjv]
παρακαλω ουν πρωτον παντων ποιεισθαι δεησεις προσευχας εντευξεις ευχαριστιας υπερ παντων ανθρωπων [gnt]
… obsecrationes orationes postulationes gratiarum … [v]
The Latin word
"intercessio" ≈ "intervention, intercession" and is the source of the English word
"intercession". This is
not the Latin word used in this verse.
Instead, the Latin word used for "
interaction" is
"postulatio" ≈ "petition, request, complaint".
The Latin word used for the Greek
"prayer" is
"oratio" ≈ "speech, discourse".
The ancient Greek word
"εὐχαριστέ" ≈ "thank you" as in
"giving of thanks" is the source of the English word
"Eucharist".
40. 1 Timothy 2:1
KJV: I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men;
Greek: παρακαλω ουν πρωτον παντων ποιεισθαι δεησεις προσευχας εντευξεις ευχαριστιας υπερ παντων ανθρωπων
Latin: obsecro igitur primo omnium fieri obsecrationes orationes postulationes gratiarum actiones pro omnibus hominibus
41. Verse comparison
1 Timothy 2:1 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; [kjv]
παρακαλω ουν πρωτον παντων ποιεισθαι δεησεις προσευχας εντευξεις ευχαριστιας υπερ παντων ανθρωπων [gnt]
… obsecrationes orationes postulationes gratiarum … [v]
4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
sanctificatur … verbum … orationem [v]
… waurd … bida. [got]
If Paul had intended to mean
"prayer" in verse 4:5, he would have used that word - which is in verse 2:1. Instead, Paul uses the Greek word for
"interaction". In verse 2:1, both Latin and English use a different word to avoid repetition.
42. Review: Logic and interaction
1 Timothy 4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
Let us paraphrase using the most common meaning of the Greek word translated as
"prayer", substituting for
"it" from the previous verse as a
"creation" meaning
food or
human. The Greek word translated as
"word" has a wider meaning of
"reasoning" as in
"logic".
☐
For every creation as food is sanctified/set apart by the reasoning/logic of God and by encounter/interaction (with God).
☐
For every creation as human is sanctified/set apart by the reasoning/logic of God and by encounter/interaction (with God).
The general "logic/reason" of God includes specific "words".
The general "interaction/encounter" with God includes specific "prayer".
The English translations are often influenced by the Latin Vulgate which often changes a
Greek word with
general meaning with a
Latin word with a more
specific meaning. Sometimes, the primary meaning of the Latin word is not the primary meaning of the Greek word.
43. Translations
1 Timothy 4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
The only English translation found that did not use
"it" in this verse is:
What God has said and your prayer will make it fit to eat. Contemporary English Version
This translation does
not appear to capture the intended
double meaning of the verse. Most translations use
"prayer". Some use
"intercession".
The idea of "
interaction" is related to the older meaning of the English word
"conversation".
44. Conversation
Philippians 3:20 For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ: [kjv]
ημων γαρ το πολιτευμα εν ουρανοις υπαρχει εξ ου και σωτηρα απεκδεχομεθα κυριον ιησουν χριστον [gnt]
The Greek word for "
conversation" is that of "
citizenship" and had to do with interactions with others in daily routine (as in driving down the highway). This is an older meaning of "
conversation" in English. This meaning has narrowed to verbal speech.
It was impossible to get a conversation going, everybody was talking too much. Yogi Berra (American professional baseball player and manager)
45. From this place hence
46. Strongs - from hence
- *G1782 *10 ἐντεύθεν (ent-yoo'-then) : from the same as G1759; hence (literally or figuratively); (repeated) on both sides:--(from) hence, on either side.
- εντευθεν *10
- Luke 4:9 ... cast thyself down from hence:
- Luke 13:31 ... Get thee out, and depart hence: for Herod will ...
- John 2:16 ... doves, Take these things hence; make not my ...
- John 7:3 ... unto him, Depart hence, and go into ...
- John 14:31 ... I do. Arise, let us go hence.
- John 18:36 ... my kingdom not from hence.
- John 19:18 ... with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.
- James 4:1 ... among you? come they not hence, even of your lusts ...
- Revelation 22:2 ... of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree ...
47. Usage - from hence
*G1782 *10 ἐντεύθεν (ent-yoo'-then) : from the same as G1759; hence (literally or figuratively); (repeated) on both sides:--(from) hence, on either side.
 |
Words: εντευθεν=10
|
A word that appears to be related is
"ἐντεῦθεν" ≈ "from this place, time, source, cause". The connection is not clear.
48. Luke 4:9
KJV: And he brought him to Jerusalem, and set him on a pinnacle of the temple, and said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence:
Greek: και ηγαγεν δε αυτον εις ιερουσαλημ και εστησεν αυτον επι το πτερυγιον του ιερου και ειπεν αυτω ει ο υιος ει του θεου βαλε σεαυτον εντευθεν κατω
49. John 14:31
KJV: But that the world may know that I love the Father; and as the Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence.
Greek: αλλ ινα γνω ο κοσμος οτι αγαπω τον πατερα και καθως ενετειλατο εντολην εδωκεν μοι ο πατηρ ουτως ποιω εγειρεσθε αγωμεν εντευθεν
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