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Matthew 13:51-53 Eighth kingdom parable: treasure of new and old codes
1. Matthew 13:51-53 Eighth kingdom parable: treasure of new and old codes
2. Matthew 13
3. Aristotle: Propositions and prayers
The ancient Greek word
"προσεύχομαι" ≈ "pray, vow, request" as in putting forth a
"request" or
"wish". Aristotle uses the shorter form
"εὐχή" ≈ "prayer,wish".
The modern Greek word
"ευχή" (ev-KHEE) ≈ "religious blessing, wish" and has been influenced by the
GNT (Greek New Testament).
English: We call propositions those only that have truth or falsity in them. A prayer is, for instance, a sentence but neither has truth nor has falsity. Let us pass over on such as their study more properly belongs to the province of rhetoric or poetry. (Loeb#325, p. 121)
Greek: ἀποφαντικὸς δὲ οὐ πᾶς, ἀλλ' ἐν ᾧ τὸ ἀληθεύειν ἢ ψεύδεσθαι ὑπάρχει· οὐκ ἐν ἅπασι δὲ ὑπάρχει, οἷον ἡ εὐχὴ λόγος μέν, ἀλλ' οὔτ' ἀληθὴς οὔτε ψευδής. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι ἀφείσθωσαν, - ῥητορικῆς γὰρ ἢ ποιητικῆς οἰκειοτέρα ἡ σκέψις,… Aristotle: On Interpretation [17a]
Have you ever heard someone
"pray" in a church setting and, in their
"prayer", state
"propositions" that are
"true" or
"false"? This happens when someone states a
"proposition" in a prayer and implicitly assumes and/or implies that what is said is
"true" or
"false" (depending on context).
Discuss: Should a religious
"prayer" state only
"requests" or
"wishes" (and the reality background of them) and avoid
"propositions" that are
"true" or
"false"? Explain your reasoning.
Discuss: Should a pastor inject personal opinions on politics or social issues as claims or statements in a prayer? This is often done to convince those in the pews that God has approved of these views.
4. Matthew 6:9-13 Lord's Prayer
Matthew 6:9 After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. [kjv]
6:10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. [kjv]
6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. [kjv]
6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. [kjv]
6:13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. [kjv]
The only part of the Lord's Prayer that is
not a "
wish" or "
request" (except the address part at the beginning) is the part that is
not in some Greek manuscripts. The
TR (Textus Receptus) appears to have added this part.
5. James 1:19-20 Fast and slow to hear, to speak, to be angry
James 1:19 Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath: [kjv]
ιστε αδελφοι μου αγαπητοι εστω δε πας ανθρωπος ταχυς εις το ακουσαι βραδυς εις το λαλησαι βραδυς εις οργην [gnt]
1:20 For the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God. [kjv]
οργη γαρ ανδρος δικαιοσυνην θεου ουκ εργαζεται [gnt]
| quick |
hear |
| slow |
speak |
| slow |
anger |
|
The compound use of "slow" appears to connect "speak" and "wrath". Is this always so? When is it not so?
Consider each of "hear", "speak" and "anger". Does the "fast" or "slow"really matter?
|
The ancient Greek word
"βραδύς" ≈ "slow, dull-witted, dull, late". Perhaps James means one should be "
dull-witted to speak" and "
dull-witted to anger". The opposite is
"ταχύς" ≈ "quick, rapid, soon" which, depending on context, might mean
"soon". In Revelation this word is often translated
"soon" instead of
"quick".
6. Matthew 13: Parable time sequence
Jesus speaks
7/8 Kingdom Parables in Matthew 13 and explains/decodes
3 of the
7/8.
1. (explained) sowing of the seed by Jesus
2. (explained) wheat and weeds (tares)
3. mustard seed into a tree (and birds and mountains)
4. woman and leaven
5. treasure in a field
6. merchant and one pearl of great price
7. (explained) harvest from the sea by the angels at the end of the age
8. things new and old from treasure (fits the form of a parable)
Parables 5 and 8 relate to "
treasure".
7. Review: Matthew 13 Pearl of great price parable 6
Matthew 13:45 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, seeking goodly pearls: [kjv]
13:46 Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it. [kjv]
Why might a
"great one of the earth", as a business transaction,
"sell" everything, but not himself, to obtain
"one" pearl?
Are not "
many" pearls needed? That is, at least
two pearls, needed?
If everything is sold to buy
one pearl, which pearls are thus
not obtained?
Might the two most important laws identified by Jesus be
two "pearls". Both are needed. What happens if one obtains only
one of these
"pearls"?
8. Review: Matthew 13 Treasure in a field parable 5
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
John 3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. [kjv]
| Code words |
| meaning |
spoken |
| righteous |
treasure |
| world |
field |
| Jesus |
man |
One decoding of the parable of the treasure hid in a field appears to be as a statement of John 3:16. Another is that of Boaz, as a type of Christ, finding Ruth, as a type of the bride of Christ, and Naoma as a type of the Holy Spirit, in the book of Ruth.
9. Truth and parables
Matthew 13:35 That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world. [kjv]
13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
The
8 verses between these verses can obscure the connection between them.
| Code words |
| meaning |
spoken |
| righteous |
treasure |
| world |
field |
| Jesus |
man |
10. Matthew 13:51-53 Eighth kingdom parable: treasure of new and old codes
Jesus speaks
7/8 Kingdom Parables in Matthew 13 and explains/decodes
3 of the
7/8.
Matthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]
13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
13:53 And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed thence. [kjv]
What exactly is the
"treasure" and what are the
"new" and
"old" things that a
"scribe" or "
householder" brings out of that "
treasure"?
Verse 52 fits the requirements to be parable
8 even though the word "
parable" is not used.
11. Proverbs and parables
What is the difference between a "
parable" and a "
proverb"? It appears that the Hebrew/Aramaic has one word for this concept and that word can be translated into Greek as "
parable" or "
proverb".
"παραβολή" ≈ "saying, proverb"
"παροιμία" ≈ "saying, proverb"
It is possible that whoever did the Greek translation picked the Greek word that they thought best matched the original language, but the differences and implications are yet interesting (and left for another time and place).
\
12. Parables and secret codes used and explained by Jesus
Jesus often uses
code words so that sayings have more than one meaning.
All the meanings can be true. The encoded (literal) form makes (some) sense and the decoded form makes sense. In general:
Noun words can be code words. Pronouns can be ambiguous.
Verb words are carefully chosen to work in both contexts.
By definition, in the security field, a
code word is a word that needs to be substituted with another word (e.g., using a
code book) to determine the meaning. By definition, in the security field, a
secret code is a code whose meaning is to be obscured to anyone without the code book.
So Jesus, by definition, uses
secret codes. However, these codes appear to provide only authentication information (and warnings about certain heresies) but no special salvation knowledge - which is always is clear text.
13. Matthew 13:51
KJV: Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord.
Greek: λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους συνηκατε συνηκατε ταυτα παντα λεγουσιν αυτω ναι κυριε
14. Kingdom of heaven
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
What exactly is the "
kingdom of heaven"?
The ancient Greek word "βασίλεια" ≈ "kingdom" as in "realm". A basilica is a hall of the king of the kingdom.
The ancient Greek word "οὐρανός" ≈ "sky, heaven" as in the "atmosphere".
15. Modern Greek
16. Matthew 13:52
KJV: Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure @MARK(m=[k],t=[things]) new and old.
Greek: ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις εις την βασιλειαν τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια
Latin: ait illis ideo omnis scriba doctus in regno caelorum similis est homini patri familias qui profert de thesauro suo nova et vetera
Wessex: þa saegde he heom. for-þan is aelc laered bokere on heofene riche ge-lic þam heordes ealdre þe forð-bringð of hys gold-horde nywe þing & ealde.
Wycliffe: He seith to hem, Therfor euery wise man of lawe in the kyngdom of heuenes, is lijk to an hosebonde man, that bryngith forth of his tresoure newe thingis and elde.
17. Matthew 13:53
KJV: And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed thence.
Greek: και εγενετο οτε ετελεσεν ο ιησους τας παραβολας ταυτας μετηρεν εκειθεν
18. Matthew 8:20 Birds of the air
Matthew 8:20 And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. [kjv]
και λεγει αυτω ο ιησους αι αλωπεκες φωλεους εχουσιν και τα πετεινα του ουρανου κατασκηνωσεις ο δε υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ εχει που την κεφαλην κλινη [gnt]
… Foxis … briddis of heuene … [wy]
Is the
"kingdom of heaven" actually "
heaven" as in the
"kingdom of God"?
"βασίλεια των ουρανών" ≈ "kingdom of heaven" or "kingdom of the air".
"πετεινα του ουρανου" ≈ "birds of the air" or "birds of heaven".
Wycliffe uses the phrase "briddis of heuene" or "birds of heaven".
Some will attempt to "
fix" a perceived "
error" in the Bible text by asserting their opinion (or glory) that
"kingdom of God" and
"kingdom of heaven" are the same thing.
If birds represent "
evil" or "
oppression" (parable 1), are there any birds in heaven?
19. Matthew 8:20
KJV: And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head.
Greek: και λεγει αυτω ο ιησους αι αλωπεκες φωλεους εχουσιν και τα πετεινα του ουρανου κατασκηνωσεις ο δε υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ εχει που την κεφαλην κλινη
Wessex: Ða cweð se haelend to hym. Foxas haebbeð holo. & heofene fugeles nyst. soðlice mannes sune naefð hwaer he hys heafod änhelde.
Wycliffe: And Jhesus seide to hym, Foxis han dennes, and briddis of heuene han nestis, but mannus sone hath not where`he schal reste his heed.
Tyndale: And Iesus sayd vnto him: the foxes have holes and the bryddes of the ayer have nestes but ye sonne of the man hath not whero to rest his heede.
Luther: Jesus sagte zu ihm: Die Füchse haben Gruben, und die Vögel unter dem Himmel haben Nester; aber des Menschen Sohn hat nicht, da er sein Haupt hinlege.
20. Kingdom of God or Heaven or Air
Matthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]
Since the disciples did not ask for directions, they may not fully, now or in the future, understand the
"kingdom of heaven" as referred to by Jesus. Matthew uses the following phrases.
"kingdom of God": 5 times (to what most consider the goal of heaven)
"kingdom of heaven/air": 33 times (all by Jesus except once by John the Baptist referring to Jesus)
In the same manner as the nouns in the parables, the
"kingdom of heaven/air" appears to be a code phrase used by Jesus. What might it mean? The other Gospels may change
"kingdom of heaven/air" to
"kingdom of God".
These are the
same disciples (or those telling Luke) who said that they understood when it appears they did not understand.
21. Kingdom of heaven
Could the "kingdom of heaven" in a narrow sense (as used by Jesus in Matthew) refer to the "kingdom of the air" as in the age in which the believers (of all times) have to deal with the "birds of the air"?
Note that Mathew also uses the term "kingdom of God" in 6 verses. If they were the same thing, Matthew should have used the same word.
22. Matthew 11:12-14 Exploring the Kingdom of Heaven
Matthew 11:12 And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force. [kjv]
It is not clear if what Daniel describes as the
"kingdom" of
"heaven" is related to what Jesus says.
23. Model of the kingdoms and births
John 3:3 Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God. [kjv]
απεκριθη ιησους και ειπεν αυτω αμην αμην λεγω σοι εαν μη τις γεννηθη ανωθεν ου δυναται ιδειν την βασιλειαν του θεου [gnt]
1 Kingdoms 1
2 Kingdoms 2
3 Kingdoms 3
4 Kingdoms 4
5 Kingdoms 5
Four parts: "
earth", "
air", "
fire", "
water".
The "
ask", "
seek", "
knock" sequence is part of the "
flame" and "
sword" progression.
24. Details
Put the Kingdom of God outside of space and time and (since the fall) includes the "tree of life". The creation is inside space and time.
The "flaming sword" both protects and keeps the way open.
The "Kingdom of Earth" is for those "of the world".
The "Kingdom of Heaven" is for those "in the world".
The "flaming sword" is provided by Jesus who "throws" the "sword". The Holy Spirit provides the "flame".
Birth#3 is the regeneration or in-processing into the Kingdom of God.
25. Matthew and Luke
Note: Luke was written from the memories of people who may not have remembered the distinction.
Matthew, as a tax collector, would have needed to remember details, take shorthand, etc.
Might this have been why Jesus recruited him as a disciple?
The ancient Greek word
"στενός" ≈ "narrow, tight" and is the source of the English word
"stenography" which is, literally "
narrow writing".
26. Matthew 6:33
KJV: But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you.
Greek: ζητειτε δε πρωτον την βασιλειαν του θεου και την δικαιοσυνην αυτου και ταυτα παντα προστεθησεται υμιν
27. Foxes and birds and nests
Jesus mentions foxes and birds together and connects a
"fox" with "
Herod" using the derogatory word for the hybrid of a fox and dog. Herod was not a "
root" (ruler of a tree) in himself so Herod had to settle with a "
nest" next to the tree and root.
Matthew 8:20 And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. [kjv]
και λεγει αυτω ο ιησους αι αλωπεκες φωλεους εχουσιν και τα πετεινα του ουρανου κατασκηνωσεις ο δε υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ εχει που την κεφαλην κλινη [gnt]
Luke 13:31 The same day there came certain of the Pharisees, saying unto him, Get thee out, and depart hence: for Herod will kill thee. [kjv]
εν αυτη τη ωρα προσηλθαν τινες φαρισαιοι λεγοντες αυτω εξελθε και πορευου εντευθεν οτι ηρωδης θελει σε αποκτειναι [gnt]
13:32 And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast out devils, and I do cures to day and to morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected. [kjv]
και ειπεν αυτοις πορευθεντες ειπατε τη αλωπεκι ταυτη ιδου εκβαλλω δαιμονια και ιασεις αποτελω σημερον και αυριον και τη τριτη τελειουμαι [gnt]
Jesus did not come to "
reside" in the tree of the law. He came to "
reside" with sinners so they could be saved. The "
reside" is often mistranslated as "
destroy" or "
abolish", etc.
28. Matthew 13:52 Scribes
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
Is everyone a
"scribe"? Is this information only needed by an "
academic"?
Unlike many other nouns that have code word definitions, any code word definition for
"scribe" must be inferred/guessed except that it relates to "
householder".
A
"scribe" works with
letters and
words and
meanings of words. A (classic security) code works with
words and
meanings.
The English word
"scribe" comes from the Latin word
"scriba" ≈ "secretary" which comes from the ancient Greek word
"γραμματεύς" ≈ "scribe, secretary". Matthew was a
"scribe" in his job as a tax collector.
This Greek word was used in the
LXX (Septuagint) to translate the Hebrew word
"סופר" (sofer) ≈ "writer, scholar" which is the verb form of the Hebrew word
"ספר" ≈ "book, writing".
29. Daniel 1:17
Daniel 1:17 As for these four children, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams. [kjv]
και τα παιδαρια ταυτα οι τεσσαρες αυτοι εδωκεν αυτοις ο θεος συνεσιν και φρονησιν εν παση γραμματικη και σοφια και δανιηλ συνηκεν εν παση ορασει και ενυπνιοις [lxx]
30. Daniel 1:17
KJV: As for these four children, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.
Hebrew: והילדים האלה ארבעתם נתן להם האלהים מדע והשכל בכל ספר וחכמה ודניאל הבין בכל חזון וחלמות׃
Greek: και τα παιδαρια ταυτα οι τεσσαρες αυτοι εδωκεν αυτοις ο θεος συνεσιν και φρονησιν εν παση γραμματικη και σοφια και δανιηλ συνηκεν εν παση ορασει και ενυπνιοις
Latin: pueris autem his dedit Deus scientiam et disciplinam in omni libro et sapientia Daniheli autem intellegentiam omnium visionum et somniorum
Wycliffe: Forsothe to these children God yaf kunnyng and lernyng in ech book, and in al wisdom; but to Daniel God yaf vndurstondyng of alle visiouns and dremys.
Luther: Aber der Gott dieser vier gab ihnen Kunst und Verstand in allerlei Schrift und Weisheit; Daniel aber gab er Verstand in allen Gesichten und Träumen.
31. Matthew 13:52 Like casting out
Jesus then
"likens" the "
scribe" instructed about the kingdom of heaven to a "
householder" that
"casts out" (or
"brings forth") of his "
treasure" things "
new" and "
old" - where the "
things" (plural) is inferred from "
new" and "
old".
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
The word
"likens" indicates that an analogy (in some sense) is being made.
The ancient Greek word
"ὅμοιος" ≈ "similar, like, resembling" and comes from the ancient Greek word
"ὁμός" ≈ "same, common" which is related to the English word
"same".
32. Same as in like or similar
Matthew 11:16 But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is like unto children sitting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows, [kjv]
τινι δε ομοιωσω την γενεαν ταυτην ομοια εστιν παιδιοις καθημενοις εν ταις αγοραιςα προσφωνουντα τοις ετεροις [gnt]
When the word "
same" or "
like" or "
similar" is used, it indicates that an analogy is being made and one must not always take what is said literally. One must find a correspondence in the analogy. The Greek word for "
same" is related to the English word for "
same".
The ancient Greek word
"ὅμοιος" ≈ "similar, like, resembling" and comes from the ancient Greek word
"ὁμός" ≈ "same, common".
The translations of "
liken" in this verse, in the uncommon Greek inflection used, appears to a play-on-words used by Jesus.
33. Catch and release: throwing out some ideas
Matthew 9:34 But the Pharisees said, He casteth out devils through the prince of the devils. [kjv]
οι οι δε φαρισαιοι ελεγον εν τω αρχοντι των δαιμονιων εκβαλλει τα δαιμονια [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"εκβαλλω" ≈ "cast out" comes from the prefix the ancient Greek word
"εκ" ≈ "out of", as in Exodus, and the ancient Greek word
"βάλλω" ≈ "cast, throw, hurl" and is the source of the English word "
ballistic".
In the
GNT, the
"cast out" usually refers to demons. The other uses of
"cast out" can be very interesting.
The entire action consists of two parts.
Catch: take hold of something
Release: throw that something somewhere else
Depending on context, one of the two may be implied, though the usual meaning is that of both parts.
34. Strongs - householder
- *G3617 *12 οἰκοδεσπότης (oy-kod-es-pot'-ace) : from G3624 and G1203; the head of a family:--goodman (of the house), householder, master of the house.
- οικοδεσποτης *5
- Matthew 21:33 ... parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, ...
- Matthew 24:43 ... this, that if the goodman of the house had known in what ...
- Luke 12:39 ... know, that if the goodman of the house had known what hour ...
- Luke 13:25 When once the master of the house is risen up, and hath shut to ...
- Luke 14:21 ... lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his ...
- οικοδεσποτη *4
- Matthew 13:52 ... is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of ...
- Matthew 20:1 ... is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early ...
- Mark 14:14 And wheresoever he shall go in, say ye to the goodman of the house, The Master saith, Where ...
- Luke 22:11 And ye shall say unto the goodman of the house, The Master saith ...
- οικοδεσποτου *2
- Matthew 13:27 So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, ...
- Matthew 20:11 And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house,
- οικοδεσποτην
- Matthew 10:25 ... lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebub, how much more ...
35. Usage - householder
*G3617 *12 οἰκοδεσπότης (oy-kod-es-pot'-ace) : from G3624 and G1203; the head of a family:--goodman (of the house), householder, master of the house.
 |
Words: οικοδεσποτη=4 οικοδεσποτην οικοδεσποτης=5 οικοδεσποτου=2
|
36. Matthew 13:24,27,37 Householder as Son of Man
Matthew 13:24 Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field: [kjv]
13:27 So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares? [kjv]
13:37 He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man; [kjv]
As noun code words, Jesus defines the
"man" is as the
"householder" as the
"Son of Man". In all the parables that refer to a "
householder", four other times with this word, only in Matthew, the "
householder" also appears to be
Jesus as God. Similar verses in Luke and Mark are translated as the
"goodman of the house" or
"master of the house".
Luke will often use the ancient Greek word
"οἰκονόμος" ≈ "manager of the house, steward"which is the source of the English word
"ecomonics" or, literally,
"laws of the house".
37. Matthew 13:24
KJV: Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field:
Greek: αλλην παραβολην παρεθηκεν αυτοις λεγων ωμοιωθη η βασιλεια των ουρανων ανθρωπω σπειροντι σπειραντι καλον σπερμα εν τω αγρω αυτου
38. Matthew 13:27
KJV: So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares?
Greek: προσελθοντες δε οι δουλοι του οικοδεσποτου ειπον αυτω κυριε ουχι καλον σπερμα εσπειρας εν τω σω αγρω ποθεν ουν εχει τα ζιζανια
39. Matthew 13:37
KJV: He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man;
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αυτοις ο σπειρων το καλον σπερμα εστιν ο υιος του ανθρωπου
40. Matthew Householder
Matthew 20:1 For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard. [kjv]
ομοια γαρ εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εξηλθεν αμα πρωι μισθωσασθαι εργατας εις τον αμπελωνα αυτου [gnt]
21:33 Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country: [kjv]
αλλην παραβολην ακουσατε ανθρωπος ην οικοδεσποτης οστις εφυτευσεν αμπελωνα και φραγμον αυτω περιεθηκεν και ωρυξεν εν αυτω ληνον και ωκοδομησεν πυργον και εξεδετο αυτον γεωργοις και απεδημησεν [gnt]
The
"householder" appears to be
Jesus as God.
41. Matthew 20:1
KJV: For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard.
Greek: ομοια γαρ εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εξηλθεν αμα πρωι μισθωσασθαι εργατας εις τον αμπελωνα αυτου
42. Matthew 21:33
KJV: Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country:
Greek: αλλην παραβολην ακουσατε ανθρωπος τις ην οικοδεσποτης οστις εφυτευσεν αμπελωνα και φραγμον αυτω περιεθηκεν και ωρυξεν εν αυτω ληνον και ωκοδομησεν πυργον και εξεδοτο εξεδετο αυτον γεωργοις και απεδημησεν
43. Matthew 13:52 Things new and old
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
Jesus, as "
householder", is bringing or casting out from his "
treasure" things
"new" and then
"old" - where the
"things" (plural) is
inferred.
A scribe or disciple that has been instructed or discipled (and understands) this can, in some manner, do the same thing as Jesus. This appears to be one hint as to the meaning of "
treasure" and
"new things" and
"old things". The "
treasure" may be an abstract (e.g., mental) entity and not a physical entity and does not require anything approaching a miracle to accomplish.
44. New and old
Most people are used to thinking of a sequence of time or objects as the before and after or old and new.
The sequence here is "
new" and "
old" as in, for example, "
after" and "
before". This is a top-down backward-chaining way of expressing an idea.
Bottom-up: old then new, old leads to new
Top-down: new if old, new from old
Let us briefly investigate "
old" and then "
new".
45. Matthew 13:52 Instruction
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
The Greek word here for
"instructed" is the same word as used for a
"disciple".
The ancient Greek word "μαθητεύω" ≈ "instruct, teach".
The ancient Greek word "μαθητής" ≈ "learner, disciple".
46. German teaching and learning
47. Matthew 13:52 New and old
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
1. Why is the order
"new" then "old"?
2. Why are things
"new" and
"old" removed from the "
treasure" and "
cast out" and
not "
bad" (as "
evil") and/or "
good"?
The "
cast out" is often used with "
demons" or the "
bad" being cast out.
48. Matthew Treasure and heart
Matthew 12:35 A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things. [kjv]
ο αγαθος ανθρωπος εκ του αγαθου θησαυρου εκβαλλει αγαθα και ο πονηρος ανθρωπος εκ του πονηρου θησαυρου εκβαλλει πονηρα [gnt]
The words "
of the heart" are not in some Greek manuscripts. It appears, that
"treasure" can be
"good" or
"evil" as
"oppression". Might treasure be in the eye of the beholder?
A "good" "man" and "good" "treasure" appear to be connected.
An "evil" "man" and "evil" "treasure" appear to be connected.
6:21 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. [kjv]
49. Matthew 12:35
KJV: A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things.
Greek: ο αγαθος ανθρωπος εκ του αγαθου θησαυρου της καρδιας εκβαλλει τα αγαθα και ο πονηρος ανθρωπος εκ του πονηρου θησαυρου εκβαλλει πονηρα
Latin: bonus homo de bono thesauro profert bona et malus homo de malo thesauro profert mala
Spanish: El hombre bueno, del buen tesoro del corazón saca buenas cosas; y el hombre malo, del mal tesoro saca malas cosas.
Portuguese: O homem bom, do seu bom tesouro, tira coisas boas; e o homem mau, do seu mau tesouro, tira coisas más.
50. Good and bad things
The separation here is into good and bad things based on the individual.
Is there any middle? Any middle part would be the deceptive part. That is, the part that is not clearly good and not clearly bad.
In the above verse, Jesus addresses individual people.
Those with "good" treasure of the heart bring forth "good" things.
Those with "evil" treasure of the heart bring forth "evil" things.
There may be a translation issue here.
51. Matthew 12:34 Generation of vipers
Matthew 12:34 O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. [kjv]
γεννηματα εχιδνων πως δυνασθε αγαθα λαλειν πονηροι οντες εκ γαρ του περισσευματος της καρδιας το στομα λαλει [gnt]
If the religious establishment openly and clearly spoke
"evil" things, this verse would not apply.
If the religious establishment openly and clearly spoke
"good" things, this verse would not apply.
If the religious establishment spoke what appeared to be
"good" things but were really
"evil" things, as in
deceptions, this verse begins to make more sense.
52. Matthew 12:33 Good and rotten fruit
Matthew 12:33 Either make the tree good, and his fruit good; or else make the tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt: for the tree is known by his fruit. [kjv]
η ποιησατε το δενδρον καλον και τον καρπον αυτου καλον η ποιησατε το δενδρον σαπρον και τον καρπον αυτου σαπρον εκ γαρ του καρπου το δενδρον γινωσκεται [gnt]
Assume that the
"tree" represents a human hierarchy as in a religious establishment such as the one Jesus is addressing. Here are the choices provided.
Make the "tree" good and the fruit good.
Make the "tree" rotten and the fruit rotten.
This verse would not need to be said unless something else were happening.
It appears that the
"rotten" "tree" was trying to make the fruit appear as
"good" fruit. Why would a
"good" "tree" try to make the fruit appear as
"rotten"? Might any "
idle words" used to make the fruit
appear "good" need an "
accounting"?
Jesus is the "
vine" and we are the "
branches" (of the vine, not the tree).
53. First and last
54. Stacks and queues
Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]
πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]
In computer science, a "
stack" is a
LIFO (Last In First Out) data structure that works as a "
stack" of cafeteria trays.
By contrast, a "
queue" is a
FIFI (First In First Out) data structure.
Using the "
new" as living and the "
old" as dead, does a stack-based or first-in last-out structure have any meaning?
That is, from a time sequence perspective, the last in shall be first out and the first in shall be last out. This is the definition of a
stack structure.
Paraphrase:
The first in shall be the last out and the last in shall be the first out.
55. Matthew 19:30
KJV: But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first.
Greek: πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι
56. Matthew 18:19 Things
Matthew 18:19 Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
παλιν αμην λεγω υμιν οτι εαν δυο συμφωνησωσιν εξ υμων επι της γης περι παντος πραγματος ου εαν αιτησωνται γενησεται αυτοις παρα του πατρος μου του εν ουρανοις [gnt]
Sometimes the
KJV (King James Version) adds the word
"things" where does not appear in the Greek. In the Greek, it is usually just an adjective with an implied connection to something (i.e., a real or abstract thing or entity).
There is a Greek word for
"thing" or
"things" as used in Matthew 18:19. The ancient Greek word
"πρᾶγμα" ≈ "deed, act, fact" or a thing in a concrete reality is from the ancient Greek word
"πράσσω" ≈ "to do" and is the source of the English "
practical".
The modern Greek word
"πράγμα" (PRA-gma) ≈ "thing, entity, object". The ancient Greek word
"πραγματικός" ≈ "active, versed in affairs" is the source of the English
"pragmatic".
A physical
"thing" is different from something "
abstract" such as a meta-wish. That is, a "
wish" or "
prayer" should be about a
"thing" and not, say, a "
wish for a wish".
57. Things
There is a difference between a thing and talking about a thing. Kurt Gödel (Austrian logician, mathematician, philosopher)
58. Matthew 18:19
KJV: Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven.
Greek: παλιν αμην λεγω υμιν οτι εαν δυο υμων συμφωνησωσιν εξ υμων επι της γης περι παντος πραγματος ου εαν αιτησωνται γενησεται αυτοις παρα του πατρος μου του εν ουρανοις
59. Strongs - thing
- *G4229 *11 πρᾶγμα (prag'-mah) : from G4238; a deed; by implication, an affair; by extension, an object (material):--business, matter, thing, work.
- πραγματων *4
- Luke 1:1 ... to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us,
- Hebrews 6:18 That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible ...
- Hebrews 10:1 ... the very image of the things, can never with ...
- Hebrews 11:1 ... the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.
- πραγμα *3
- Acts 5:4 ... why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart? ...
- 1 Corinthians 6:1 Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law ...
- James 3:16 ... and every evil work.
- πραγματι *3
- Romans 16:2 ... her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for ...
- 2 Corinthians 7:11 ... to be clear in this matter.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:6 ... his brother in any matter: because that the Lord is the avenger ...
- πραγματος
- Matthew 18:19 ... earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done ...
60. Usage - thing
*G4229 *11 πρᾶγμα (prag'-mah) : from G4238; a deed; by implication, an affair; by extension, an object (material):--business, matter, thing, work.
 |
Words: πραγμα=3 πραγματι=3 πραγματος πραγματων=4
|
61. Analogy of scribe and householder
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
| scribe |
householder |
| instructed |
casts out |
| kingdom of heaven |
new and old treasure |
 |
The "like" analogy appears to relate words.
Perhaps the inferred "things" in Matthew 13:52 are abstract (as souls or words) and not concrete.
|
The "scribe" is related to "householder" or "Jesus as God".
The "instructed" is related to "casts out" or "bringeth forth".
The "kingdom of heaven" or "kingdom of the air" is related to "new" and "old" (things) of the "treasure". Those "things" appear to span the entirety of the "kingdom of heaven".
It might be assumed that the inferred "
things", which are "
new" and "
old", are similar (or dissimilar) in some consistent way.
62. Understanding
It might be assumed that this saying has more than one meaning and that one cannot easily provide a specific noun, even a code word noun, for these "
things". The context is the understanding of these parables, especially the ones that have not been explained.
To understand a specific parable, one uses the following method.
Take the text which is in coded form and has some literal meaning (that may or may not make sense).
Substitute the nouns with the code word nouns.
Take the decoded text that has some literal meaning that should make more sense.
Only the decoded message needs to make literal sense, not necessarily the encoded message.
63. Treasured righteous ones
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
One interpretation of "
treasure" might be "
righteous ones".
The "treasure" in the field from parable 5.
The "good" from parable 7 and not the "rotten".
If the "
treasure" consists of the "
righteous ones", then consider the following.
Are the "new" the living (the "quick" as in "moving")?
Are the "old" the dead (as in "sleeping")?
The "
living and the dead" are sometimes referred to as the "
quick and the dead".
64. Treasured righteous ones
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις δια τουτο πας γραμματευς μαθητευθεις τη βασιλεια των ουρανων ομοιος εστιν ανθρωπω οικοδεσποτη οστις εκβαλλει εκ του θησαυρου αυτου καινα και παλαια [gnt]
It was proposed (above) that the (inferred) "
things" of the "
treasure" represent an abstract and not concrete entity. This would be true in the following cases.
☐ The things represent
souls of the
dead (old) and
living (new).
☐ The things represent the
code words after (new hidden encoded meaning) and
before (old meaning as truths).
65. Coded messages
The only idea or thing in this discourse having to do with understanding the parables that are "
new" and then "
old" are the following.
The "new" are the parables as stated, in an encoded form, so that some would not understand.
The "old" are the parables as explained, three of them, by substituting nouns with other nouns (and therefore other meanings).This is what the prophets would have liked to hear.
Given the "
new" parables as stated, one needs to bring out the "
old" from them. To bring out the "
old" (decoded meaning) from the "
treasure" (intellectual mental capability) one must decode the nouns in the other parables. Such a decoding is abstract and not concrete and has to do with language and the fundamental concept of information.
It appears that Jesus had to come back and provide some of these decodings in his Revelation (to John). A few need to be inferred.
66. Observations
Given the discussion, the following observations can be made about "
bringing forth out of his treasure things new and old".
The things appear to be abstract (mental or intellectual) and not concrete (physical entity).
The order is "new" and then "old" or "new" from "old".
Jesus takes these things out of his "treasure" and appears to expect the "scribe" to do the same in order to understand the parables.
To create a coded message, one decides on the decoded message first, the older (private) code. Then one encodes it to be less clear as the encoded message next, the newer (public) code. This is what Jesus does.
The decoded private code message (clear/plain text) is the older code that Jesus says.
The encoded public code message (encoded text) is the newer code that Jesus explains for three of the seven/eight.
67. Review: Matthew 13 Scribes and treasure parable 8
Matthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]
13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
| scribe |
householder |
| instructed |
casts out |
| kingdom of heaven |
new and old treasure |
 |
Whatever Jesus as the "householder" "takes out" of his "treasure" is what he expects a "scribe" to be able to "take out" if he has "learned" (i.e., been "instructed") "into" the "kingdom of heaven".
|
68. Matthew 13:52 Observations
Matthew 13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
There may be multiple messages here. Both of these proposed models for parable 8 (old and new from the treasure) fit with the two models proposed for parable 5 (treasure in a field).
☐ The
starting point for a "
scribe" (who works with letters and words and meanings) to
determine the meaning of the "
kingdom of heaven" is to decode the "
new" (public) messages (created
last) using the example technique provided by Jesus for the "
old" (private) messages (created
first).
☐ After the
end of the age (previous parable), the "
householder" (Jesus as God) will take out of his "
treasure" of "
righteous ones" both "
more recent" or "
quick" and then "
less recent" or "
dead" and
determine the meaning of (and what to do with) each treasure. This could be related to "
idle words", "
unpardonable sin" and/or "
sheep" and "
goats" division.
69. Matthew 12:30-37 Pardon the idle word counting
(bottom-up forward-chaining)
Matthew 12:30 He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad. [kjv]
12:32 And who soever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but who soever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world to come. [kjv]
12:36 But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. [kjv]
12:37 For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned. [kjv]
What is the "
unpardonable sin"? What is an "
idle word"? How might they be related? How are they related to "
treasure".
70. Summary table of sheep and goats
Here is the summarized table of conditions for the sheep and goats in Matthew 25 using a one-letter abbreviation for each.
| h |
hungry |
gave me food |
| t |
thirsty |
gave me drink |
| s |
stranger/guest |
took me in |
| n |
naked |
clothed me |
| w |
sick/weak |
visited me |
| p |
prison/confined |
come to me |
|
For each condition, the meaning can be one (or all) of the following.
☐ Literal meaning
☐ Figurative meaning (as in Jesus using "sleeping" for "has died" in describing the condition of Lazarus)
☐ Something else
|
Do churches ever "
misinterpret" what Jesus is saying? Some who thought they were doing the right thing were "
surprised". Some who did not do those things were "
surprised" that they had done the right thing.
71. End of page
Matthew 5:2 And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying, [kjv]
και ανοιξας το στομα αυτου εδιδασκεν αυτους λεγων [gnt]
… laerde … [wes]
… lehrete … [lu]
Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]
πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]
