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Philippians 2:15 deceptive appearance of a shining light
1. Philippians 2:15 deceptive appearance of a shining light
There is a difference between "
shining" and something that "
appears". Appearances can be deceptive.
If a light shines in the darkness, and there is no one there to see it, does it appear?
Ancient Greek had a word for "
appear" and several for "
shining" that appear often in the
GNT (Greek New Testament). However, the specific word
"φαίνεσθε" ≈ "appear" "
appears" only twice in the
GNT.
Aristotle, in refuting invalid logic, writes often of the "
appearance" of logical truth as in "
sophistic" or "
eristic" reasoning. The one time this particular word is used by Paul "
appears" to fit with what Aristotle was saying.
Let us investigate.
2. Light and eyes
Sight is one of the senses by which one "
senses" or "
perceives" the world.
It is no advantage to be near the light if the eyes are closed. Saint Augustine (Early Christian father)
For a song based on open eyes, see
Song: Open my eyes that I may see.
3. Darkness
There is no such thing as darkness; only a failure to see. Malcolm Muggeridge (British broadcaster)
4. Optimism
An optimist may see a light where there is none, but why must the pessimist always run to blow it out? René Descartes (French philosopher, mathematician and statistician)
5. Seeing through the eyes
Malcolm Muggeridge (British broadcaster) liked the part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence that goes as follows. "
This life's dim windows of the soul / Distort the Heavens from Pole to Pole / And lead you to believe a lie / When you see with, not thro' the eye.".
The Bible says "
hear the word of God" or "
read the word of God". One can be more easily deceived with "
watch the word of God" as in a video.
6. Psychology: attitude influences behavior
In the field of psychology, one assumes that attitude predicts behavior. Since one cannot see attitude, one needs to infer attitude from behavior. This is the "
converse fallacy" in disguise.
In 1 Samuel 16:7, it is stated that man looks on the "
outward appearance". Appearances can be deceiving. Humans tend to look at the outward appearance. God looks at the heart.
1 Samuel 16:7 … for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. [kjv]
Warning: Many modern psychology concepts started with Sigmund Freud who hated religion and the Bible and purposely introduced ideas to go
against the Bible such as getting rid of guilt, shame, etc.
7. The game of cleaning both sides of the bowl
Sometimes justifying your actions with Bible verses does not work.
Matthew 23:26 Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also. [kjv]
φαρισαιε τυφλε καθαρισον πρωτον το εντος του ποτηριου και της παροψιδος ινα γενηται και το εκτος αυτου καθαρον [gnt]
… munda … calicis … parapsidis … mundum [v]
A bowl is somewhat like a cup. When washing dishes after making pancakes (using ground grain flour) the bowel may have dried flour on it. I have been told that although the inside of the cup is clean, the outside of the cup has gritty grain on it which is unacceptable.
I tried using the above verses to justify thoroughly cleaning the inside of the cup and not fully cleaning the outside of the bowl, but that analogy was not accepted. How can we wash the inside to be "
white as snow"?
8. Aristotle
Aristotle, in his first sentence in his
Sophistic Refutations, a work devoted to identifying invalid logic of many types, uses the word for "
appearance" of truth and then refers to it throughout the rest of the work.
English:
Let us now treat of sophistical refutations, that is, arguments which appear to be refutations but are really fallacies and not refutations, beginning, as is natural, with those which come first. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 400, p. 11.
Greek:
Περὶ δὲ τῶν σοφιστικῶν ἐλέγχων καὶ τῶν φαινομένων μὲν ἐλέγχων, ὄντων δὲ παραλογισμῶν ἀλλ´ οὐκ ἐλέγχων, λέγωμεν ἀρξάμενοι κατὰ φύσιν ἀπὸ τῶν πρώτων. Sophistic Refutations 1.1.
From the ancient Greek word
"φαινόμενον" ≈ "appear" comes the English word
"phenomena".
9. Reprove
English:
Let us now treat of sophistical refutations, that is, arguments which appear to be refutations but are really fallacies and not refutations, beginning, as is natural, with those which come first. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 400, p. 11.
Note that the
KJV (King James Version) translates "
reprove" for what to Aristotle (and others) was a valid logical argument or a "
refutation".
10. Phenomena
11. The appearance of the star
Matthew 2:7 Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, enquired of them diligently what time the star appeared. [kjv]
τοτε ηρωδης λαθρα καλεσας τους μαγους ηκριβωσεν παρ αυτων τον χρονον του φαινομενου αστερος [gnt]
… magis … apparuit … [v]
Because Herod assumed the star appeared when the baby was born, many others since then have made the same assumption. This assumption requires the Magi to arrive much later in the story.
[
magistrate]
12. Jonah
God prepared a big fish for Jonah. God could have had the star appear years before to give time for the Magi to make the trip (from Parthia).
13. Matthew 2:7
KJV: Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, enquired of them diligently what time the star appeared.
Greek: τοτε ηρωδης λαθρα καλεσας τους μαγους ηκριβωσεν παρ αυτων τον χρονον του φαινομενου αστερος
Latin: tunc Herodes clam vocatis magis diligenter didicit ab eis tempus stellae quae apparuit eis
14. Matthew 2:7
KJV: Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, enquired of them diligently what time the star appeared.
Hebrew: אז קרא הורדוס למגושים בסתר ויחקר אתם לדעת עת הראות הכוכב׃
Greek: τοτε ηρωδης λαθρα καλεσας τους μαγους ηκριβωσεν παρ αυτων τον χρονον του φαινομενου αστερος
15. Phenomena
Hebrews 11:3 Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear. [kjv]
There are many who think that this verse refers to the atomic world of atoms and physical reality. However, abstract ideas (e.g., Platonic forms, classes in computer science, etc.) and thoughts (as in a declaration of God to create) consist of "
information" and are not visible but can result in things that do "
appear".
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Details are left as a future topic.
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16. Hebrews 11:3
KJV: Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.
Greek: πιστει νοουμεν κατηρτισθαι τους αιωνας ρηματι θεου εις το μη εκ φαινομενων τα βλεπομενα το βλεπομενον γεγονεναι
17. Phenomena
James 4:14 Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. [kjv]
Matthew 6:27 Which of you by taking thought can add one cubit unto his stature? [kjv]
And which of you by worrying can add a single hour to your span of life? NRSV (New Revised Standard Version)
And who of you by being worried can add a single hour to his life? NASB (New American Standard Bible)
Phrase: "
One foot in the grave" (distance with time meaning).
What is the "
yardstick" or "
ruler" by which age should be measured?
18. James 4:14
KJV: Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away.
Greek: οιτινες ουκ επιστασθε το της αυριον ποια γαρ η ζωη υμων ατμις γαρ εστιν η εστε προς ολιγον φαινομενη επειτα δε και αφανιζομενη
19. Appears
The base word is the ancient Greek word
"φαίνω" ≈ "appear" with additional meanings of making known, revealing, disclosing, coming into being, come about, seeming, etc.
The particular ancient Greek word
"φαίνεσθε" ≈ "appear" is the second-person plural present mediopassive indicative.
20. Strongs - appear
- *G5316 *31 φαίνω (fah'-ee-no) : prolongation for the base of G5457; to lighten (shine), i.e. show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative):-- appear, seem, be seen, shine, X think.
- εφανη *5
- Matthew 1:20 ... behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, ...
- Matthew 9:33 ... marvelled, saying, It was never so seen in Israel.
- Matthew 13:26 ... brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also.
- Mark 16:9 ... early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, ...
- Luke 9:8 ... some, that Elias had appeared; and of others, that ...
- φαινεται *3
- Matthew 2:13 ... behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, ...
- Matthew 2:19 ... behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth in a dream to Joseph ...
- Matthew 24:27 ... out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so ...
- φαινει *3
- John 1:5 And the light shineth in darkness; and ...
- 1 John 2:8 ... true light now shineth.
- Revelation 1:16 ... countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength.
- φανη *3
- Romans 7:13 ... But sin, that it might appear sin, working death ...
- Revelation 8:12 ... was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, ...
- Revelation 18:23 And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all ...
- φανωσιν *2
- Matthew 6:5 ... of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say ...
- Matthew 6:16 ... their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily ...
- φαινεσθε *2
- Matthew 23:28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but ...
- Philippians 2:15 ... nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world;
- φαινομενου
- Matthew 2:7 ... diligently what time the star appeared.
- φανης
- Matthew 6:18 That thou appear not unto men to fast, but ...
- φαινονται
- Matthew 23:27 ... sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but ...
- φανησεται
- Matthew 24:30 And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man ...
- φαινενεται
- Mark 14:64 Ye have heard the blasphemy: what think ye? And they ...
- εφανησαν
- Luke 24:11 And their words seemed to them as ...
- φαινων
- John 5:35 ... a burning and a shining light: and ye ...
- φανωμεν
- 2 Corinthians 13:7 ... not that we should appear approved, but that ...
- φαινομενων
- Hebrews 11:3 ... not made of things which do appear.
- φαινομενη
- James 4:14 ... It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and ...
- φανειται
- 1 Peter 4:18 ... be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear?
- φαινοντι
- 2 Peter 1:19 ... that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark ...
- φαινωσιν
- Revelation 21:23 ... neither of the moon, to shine in it: for ...
21. Usage - appear
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Words: εφανη=5 εφανησαν φαινει=3 φαινενεται φαινεσθε=2 φαινεται=3 φαινομενη φαινομενου φαινομενων φαινονται φαινοντι φαινων φαινωσιν φανειται φανη=3 φανης φανησεται φανωμεν φανωσιν=2
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22. Matthew
The first use of this exact word is in Matthew with the usual definition.
Matthew 23:28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity. [kjv]
ουτως και υμεις εξωθεν μεν φαινεσθε τοις ανθρωποις δικαιοι εσωθεν δε εστε μεστοι υποκρισεως και ανομιας [gnt]
Note that the Greek word "
hypocrisy" meant acting or pretending (what an actor does) and not the modern English definition of the word.
When Jesus says "
you hypocrites" he is saying "
you pretenders" or "
you actors", "
get real" as in "
get in touch with reality" (of the word of God).
23. Matthew 23:28
KJV: Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.
Greek: ουτως και υμεις εξωθεν μεν φαινεσθε τοις ανθρωποις δικαιοι εσωθεν δε μεστοι εστε μεστοι υποκρισεως και ανομιας
24. Philippians
In Philippians, Paul is taking the "
bishops" to task for taking the church followers in directions not in line with the truth of Christ.
Philippians 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; [kjv]
ινα γενησθε αμεμπτοι και ακεραιοι τεκνα θεου αμωμα μεσον γενεας σκολιας και διεστραμμενης εν οις φαινεσθε ως φωστηρες εν κοσμω [gnt]
… querella … simplices … lucetis … luminaria … mundo [v]
Do those (bishops) in Philippi
"shine" or do they only
"appear"?
Greek: "appear" as "light".
KJV: "shine" as "light".
The Latin word
"luceo" ≈ "shine" and is the basis for the English word
"Lucifer", from the Greek, as "
bearer of light" (albeit a false light). The Latin Vulgate appears to start the word slide. Whose "
bright" idea was this?
25. The world
Philippians 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; [kjv]
ινα γενησθε αμεμπτοι και ακεραιοι τεκνα θεου αμωμα μεσον γενεας σκολιας και διεστραμμενης εν οις φαινεσθε ως φωστηρες εν κοσμω [gnt]
… querella … simplices … lucetis … luminaria … mundo [v]
The Greek word for "
world" is, in English, "
cosmos" and in the
GNT usually means the people in the world. The original Greek word for "
cosmos" meant "
adornment" as in "
cosmetology". Pythagoras used the word "
cosmos" for the "
adornments" of the heavens.
26. Latin
Philippians 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; [kjv]
ινα γενησθε αμεμπτοι και ακεραιοι τεκνα θεου αμωμα μεσον γενεας σκολιας και διεστραμμενης εν οις φαινεσθε ως φωστηρες εν κοσμω [gnt]
… querella … simplices … lucetis … luminaria … mundo [v]
The Latin word
"luceo" ≈ "shine" and is the basis for the English word
"Lucifer", from the Greek, as "
bearer of light" (albeit a false light).
The Latin Vulgate appears to start the word slide from having two meanings to having one meaning.
Two meanings: appear, shine
One meaning: shine
Whose "
bright" idea was this?
False lights can be deceptive. They may "
appear" as good lights but are not.
27. Word slide
Note that the Latin word
"luceo" ≈ "shine" can mean clear or easily understood and is the source of the English word
"lucid".
28. Appearance of light
Philippians 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; [kjv]
ινα γενησθε αμεμπτοι και ακεραιοι τεκνα θεου αμωμα μεσον γενεας σκολιας και διεστραμμενης εν οις φαινεσθε ως φωστηρες εν κοσμω [gnt]
… querella … simplices … lucetis … luminaria … mundo [v]
The Greek for "blameless" is "without spots" as in "not using personal opinion". The Latin is "without complaint".
The Greek for "harmless" is "without horns" or "without tittles" as in "not using extra rules". The Latin is "simple" or "harmless".
The Greek for "shine" here is "appear". The Latin is "shine".
In Philippians, Paul is pointing out that the church leadership is using "
personal opinion" and/or "
extra rules" for their own "
glory" or "
opinion" (same word) and not for the "
glory" or "
opinion" of Christ.
29. Philippians 2:15
KJV: That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world;
Greek: ινα γενησθε αμεμπτοι και ακεραιοι τεκνα θεου αμωμητα εν μεσω αμωμα μεσον γενεας σκολιας και διεστραμμενης εν οις φαινεσθε ως φωστηρες εν κοσμω
Latin: ut sitis sine querella et simplices filii Dei sine reprehensione in medio nationis pravae et perversae inter quos lucetis sicut luminaria in mundo
30. Light
31. John 1:5
KJV: And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not.
Greek: και το φως εν τη σκοτια φαινει και η σκοτια αυτο ου κατελαβεν
Latin: et lux in tenebris lucet et tenebrae eam non conprehenderunt
32. Light
John 1:5 And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. [kjv]
και το φως εν τη σκοτια φαινει και η σκοτια αυτο ου κατελαβεν [gnt]
… lucet … [v]
We see the same translation issue in John 1:5. The light "
appears" in darkness. In translation, a deliberate narrowing of the meaning to "
shines" may lose some of the intended information being conveyed.
A light shining in darkness reaches out as in an outward attack on what is there.
A light appearing in darkness is only important for others to see and be drawn to that light.
That intended information often requires a context of the surrounding verses to ascertain.
33. Strongs - light
- *G5457 *70 φῶς (foce) : from an obsolete phao (to shine or make manifest, especially by rays; compare G5316, 5346); luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative):--fire, light.
- φως *47
- Matthew 4:16 ... saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up.
- Matthew 5:14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set ...
- Matthew 5:16 Let your light so shine before men, ...
- Matthew 6:23 ... full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee ...
- Matthew 17:2 ... was white as the light.
- Mark 14:54 ... and warmed himself at the fire.
- Luke 2:32 A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory ...
- Luke 8:16 ... that they which enter in may see the light.
- Luke 11:35 Take heed therefore that the light which is in thee ...
- Luke 22:56 ... him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, ...
- John 1:4 ... and the life was the light of men.
- John 1:5 And the light shineth in darkness; and ...
- John 1:8 He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light.
- John 1:9 That was the true Light, which lighteth every ...
- John 3:19 ... the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their ...
- John 3:20 ... evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his ...
- John 3:21 ... truth cometh to the light, that his deeds ...
- John 8:53 Art thou greater than our father Abraham, ...
- John 9:5 ... in the world, I am the light of the world.
- John 11:9 ... not, because he seeth the light of this world.
- John 11:10 ... because there is no light in him.
- John 12:35 ... while is the light with you. Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness ...
- John 12:36 While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be ...
- John 12:46 I am come a light into the world, that ...
- Acts 9:3 ... suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven:
- Acts 12:7 ... of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: ...
- Acts 13:47 ... saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be ...
- Acts 22:6 ... from heaven a great light round about me.
- Acts 22:9 ... me saw indeed the light, and were afraid; ...
- Acts 26:13 ... I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightness ...
- Acts 26:18 ... them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan ...
- Acts 26:23 ... from the dead, and should shew light unto the people, and to the Gentiles.
- Romans 2:19 ... art a guide of the blind, a light of them which are in darkness,
- 2 Corinthians 4:6 For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, ...
- Ephesians 5:8 ... but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light:
- Ephesians 5:13 ... are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light.
- 1 Timothy 6:16 ... hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no ...
- 1 Peter 2:9 ... into his marvellous light:
- 1 John 1:5 ... that God is light, and in him ...
- 1 John 2:8 ... is past, and the true light now shineth.
- Revelation 18:23 And the light of a candle shall shine no more ...
- φωτος *14
- Luke 16:8 ... wiser than the children of light.
- John 1:7 ... to bear witness of the Light, that all men through ...
- John 1:8 He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light.
- John 12:36 While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be ...
- Acts 22:11 ... for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of them ...
- Romans 13:12 ... and let us put on the armour of light.
- 2 Corinthians 11:14 ... is transformed into an angel of light.
- Ephesians 5:8 ... but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light:
- Ephesians 5:9 For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness ...
- Ephesians 5:13 ... are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:5 Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: ...
- Revelation 21:24 ... which are saved shall walk in the light of it: and the kings ...
- Revelation 22:5 ... no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord ...
- φωτι *9
- Matthew 10:27 ... darkness, that speak ye in light: and what ye hear ...
- Luke 12:3 ... darkness shall be heard in the light; and that which ye have spoken ...
- John 5:35 ... to rejoice in his light.
- 2 Corinthians 6:14 ... and what communion hath light with darkness?
- Colossians 1:12 ... of the inheritance of the saints in light:
- 1 John 1:7 ... we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship ...
- 1 John 2:9 He that saith he is in the light, and hateth his ...
- 1 John 2:10 ... brother abideth in the light, and there is none ...
- φωτα
- Acts 16:29 Then he called for a light, and sprang in, and came ...
- φωτων
- James 1:17 ... and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is ...
34. Usage - light
 |
Words: φως=47 φωτα φωτι=9 φωτος=14 φωτων
|
35. Phosphorus
The English word and chemical element
"phosphorus" comes from the ancient Greek word
"φωσφόρος" ≈ "bearer of light" whose suffix comes from the ancient Greek word
"φέρω" ≈ "bear, carry".
2 Peter 1:19 We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts: [kjv]
και εχομεν βεβαιοτερον τον προφητικον λογον ω καλως ποιειτε προσεχοντες ως λυχνω φαινοντι εν αυχμηρω τοπω εως ου ημερα διαυγαση και φωσφορος ανατειλη εν ταις καρδιαις υμων [gnt]
In this verse, the light "
appears" and does not necessarily "
shine". The "
day star" is the Greek word for "
phosphorus".
36. 2 Peter 1:19
KJV: We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts:
Greek: και εχομεν βεβαιοτερον τον προφητικον λογον ω καλως ποιειτε προσεχοντες ως λυχνω φαινοντι εν αυχμηρω τοπω εως ου ημερα διαυγαση και φωσφορος ανατειλη εν ταις καρδιαις υμων
37. Strongs - morning star
- *G5459 *1 φωσφόρος (foce-for'-os) : from G5457 and G5342; light-bearing ("phosphorus"), i.e. (specially), the morning-star (figuratively):--day star.
- φωσφορος
- 2 Peter 1:19 ... the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts:
38. Point of view
If a tree falls in a forest, and there is no one there to hear it, does it make a sound?
If a light shines in the darkness, and there is no one there to see it, does it appear?
If data exists, is it information? When is an intelligent point of view required?
A saying is that "
statistics means nothing to a rock".
39. Matthew 5:16 Lamps as lights
Matthew 5:16 Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
ουτως λαμψατω το φως υμων εμπροσθεν των ανθρωπων οπως ιδωσιν υμων τα καλα εργα και δοξασωσιν τον πατερα υμων τον εν τοις ουρανοις [gnt]
The purpose of a
"lamp" is to
"shine". The Pixar Animation Studios lamp is well-known and a part of many Pixar Animations.
The ancient Greek word
"λάμπω" ≈ "shine, be bright, give light" and is the source of the English word
"lamp" through French and the Latin word
"lampas" ≈ "torch, lamp, light".
40. Strongs - shine
- *G2989 *7 λάμπω (lam'-po) : a primary verb; to beam, i.e. radiate brilliancy (literally or figuratively):--give light, shine.
- ελαμψεν *3
- Matthew 17:2 ... and his face did shine as the sun, and ...
- Acts 12:7 ... came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and ...
- 2 Corinthians 4:6 ... commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our ...
- λαμπει *2
- Matthew 5:15 ... on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house.
- Luke 17:24 ... the one part under heaven, shineth unto the other part under ...
- λαμψατω
- Matthew 5:16 Let your light so shine before men, that ...
- λαμψει
- 2 Corinthians 4:6 ... commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our ...
41. Usage - shine
*G2989 *7 λάμπω (lam'-po) : a primary verb; to beam, i.e. radiate brilliancy (literally or figuratively):--give light, shine.
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Words: ελαμψεν=3 λαμπει=2 λαμψατω λαμψει
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42. Paul and an apparent lamp
2 Corinthians 4:6 For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. [kjv]
οτι ο θεος ο ειπων εκ σκοτους φως λαμψει ος ελαμψεν εν ταις καρδιαις ημων προς φωτισμον της γνωσεως της δοξης του θεου εν προσωπω χριστου [gnt]
Paul uses words for "
light" as "
lamp" but not in Philippians 2:15.
Philippians 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; [kjv]
ινα γενησθε αμεμπτοι και ακεραιοι τεκνα θεου αμωμα μεσον γενεας σκολιας και διεστραμμενης εν οις φαινεσθε ως φωστηρες εν κοσμω [gnt]
… querella … simplices … lucetis … luminaria … mundo [v]
Are those "
bishops" and church leadership a "
shining" example of "
light" or might they just "
appear" as "
light" and, instead, be part of a "
crooked and perverse" nation? Paul appears to leave both meanings as possible.
43. 2 Corinthians 4:6
KJV: For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
Greek: οτι ο θεος ο ειπων εκ σκοτους φως λαμψαι λαμψει ος ελαμψεν εν ταις καρδιαις ημων προς φωτισμον της γνωσεως της δοξης του θεου εν προσωπω ιησου χριστου
Latin: quoniam Deus qui dixit de tenebris lucem splendescere qui inluxit in cordibus nostris ad inluminationem scientiae claritatis Dei in facie Christi Iesu
44. Modern Greek
A "
red flag" is raised or "
appears" here!
Paul uses a Greek word for "light" as "lamp" in 2 Corinthians 4:6.
Paul uses a Greek word for "appear" in Philippians 2:15.
Many modern Greek Bibles, two thousand years later:
Use the same Greek word for "light" as "lamp" in 2 Corinthians 4:6.
Change the same Greek word for "appear" in Philippians 2:15 to "light" as "lamp" (as in 2 Corinthians 4:6)
Why would modern Greek change the Greek word in Philippians 2:15? Both words mean the same in ancient Greek as they do today. Might the translators have been influenced by the Latin Vulgate and Middle Age translations?
45. Isaiah
Isaiah 9:2 The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined. [kjv]
ο λαος ο πορευομενος εν σκοτει ιδετε φως μεγα οι κατοικουντες εν χωρα και σκια θανατου φως λαμψει εφ υμας [lxx]
Unlike Psalms 23, here in Isaiah 9:2 there are words for "
shadow of death".
46. LXX
Let us look at a place where the Greek word for "
lamp" as "
light" is used, or "
appears" , in the
LXX (Septuagint).
47. Isaiah 9:2
KJV: The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.
Hebrew: העם ההלכים בחשך ראו אור גדול ישבי בארץ צלמות אור נגה עליהם׃
Greek: ο λαος ο πορευομενος εν σκοτει ιδετε φως μεγα οι κατοικουντες εν χωρα και σκια θανατου φως λαμψει εφ υμας
48. End of page
John 1:5 And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. [kjv]
και το φως εν τη σκοτια φαινει και η σκοτια αυτο ου κατελαβεν [gnt]
… lux … [v]
