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The languages spoken by Jesus
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. The languages spoken by Jesus
There are various schools of though on whether Jesus spoke Aramaic or Greek. Most educated people in the Roman Empire studied and spoke Latin, Greek and a native language in their area of birth or location, such as Aramaic in Judea.

Many in Judea grew up speaking both from birth. It is likely that Jesus and the disciples knew and spoke both Aramaic and Greek and, perhaps, some Latin. Few could read Hebrew and it was no longer spoken.

Aramaic used the same Hebrew alphabet, without vowels, and with multiple letters having the same or similar sounds. Greek had vowels and pretty much one letter for one sound. Thus, learning to read or write Greek was much easier than reading or writing Aramaic. The inflections in Greek, like any language, are immediately learned by children without any study other than hearing.

2. Related topics

3. Matthew and Luke
66 Books
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 1 Jesus teaches people 
 2 Matthew writes Gospel 
 3 Luke writes Gospel 

Luke records and correctly reports what people remembered as to the meaning of what Jesus said, sometimes using other words. This often loses the additional meanings as recorded in Matthew.

Information sign More: Parables and secret codes used and explained by Jesus

4. Differences
Many of the differences between Matthew and Luke can be explained by the context in which each was written.

5. Babylonian Captivity
Hebrew alphabet 1 Hebrew alphabet 3 Hebrew gematria Ancient alef

The Babylonian Captivity lasted 70 years - 69 years using 360 day prophetic years. The original Hebrew, before the Babylonian captivity, appeared differently.

Before, the Hebrews spoke Hebrew. After, the Hebrews spoke Aramaic (similar but different). The Hebrews in Babylon were not slaves in the way we think of slaves. When given the opportunity to leave, most chose to stay in Babylon.

Information sign More: The original Babel and Babylon

6. Jesus uses language to speak
Which of the following appear to be true? Check all that apply. Jesus appears to say a lot of things that have a play-on-word meaning in the Greek. If Jesus did not speak these in Greek, how did they get there? Did Matthew add them? Was it directed by the Holy Spirit. Discuss.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.

7. Jot this down
Hebrew gematria Greek gematria
Some 500 years earlier, the Greeks took the Semitic alphabet from the Phoneticians, dropped letters not needed or duplicate, and developed their written language.
Some think that the English "jot" or Greek "iota" refers to the Hebrew "yod", the 10th and smallest of the 22 Hebrew letters.

י - yod The Hebrew word "י" (yod) ≈ "yod". The numerical or gematria value of "yod" is 10 which often has a special meaning.
Since Jesus grew up speaking both Aramaic and Greek (and later some Latin), the "iota" could have meaning without reference to the Hebrew "yod". As is often the case, it could have multiple meanings.

8. Greek language at the time of Christ

Reading and writing:

9. Language of Jesus
It is possible that Jesus might have said some things in both Aramaic and Greek even repeating ideas at the same time in one, than another language.

It is also possible that Jesus might have used Greek when he wanted to use play on words, etc., that the religious establishment might not fully understand but that the common people might better understand.

Any play on words or puns have never had to fit existing grammar or spelling rules or even pronunciation rules. They only need to be close enough for others to understand (or grown at).

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10. Jesus speaking
It appears that Jesus uses play-on-word meanings when he is speaking in front of the general public and the religious authorities. Both Greek and Aramaic were spoken and understood by most everyone. The religious establishment appears to have spent a lot of time learning to read and write Hebrew (no longer spoken) and tended to look down on Greek. Therefore, they understood when Jesus used Greek but often did not follow the play-on-word sayings. Most of the general public, however, would have followed the play-on-words without difficulty.

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11. Hebrew and Greek alphabets
Hebrew gematria Greek gematria
Both Hebrew and Greek had numeric values for each letter. In Greek, some letters had been dropped since their sounds were not needed or were covered by other letters. Those dropped letters continued to be used for their numerical values (only).
Aramaic used the same Hebrew alphabet, without vowels, and with multiple letters having the same or similar sounds. Greek had vowels and pretty much one letter for one sound. Thus, learning to read or write Greek was much easier than reading or writing Aramaic. The inflections in Greek, like any language, are immediately learned by children without any study other than hearing.

12. Reading and writing Greek
Greek was written using uppercase letters and no spaces or punctuation.

To write Greek, one pretty much use the letters that made the sounds being pronounced and wrote them down.

To read Greek, one pretty much looked at the letters and said the sounds represented by each letter. Continued use made one more proficient in reading.

Over time, some Greek manuscripts changed according to how the Greek was pronounced which explains many (but not all) textual variations in the Greek texts. Eventually, the letters were not changed. As vowel sounds merged, markings were added so that someone unfamiliar with the words could pronounce them correctly.

13. 2 Peter 1:4 Common partakers
Verse route2 Peter 1:4 Whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. [kjv]
Verse routeδι ων τα τιμια και μεγιστα ημιν επαγγελματα δεδωρηται ινα δια τουτων γενησθε θειας κοινωνοι φυσεως αποφυγοντες της εν τω κοσμω εν επιθυμια φθορας [gnt]

The English word "partakers" from the modern Greek word "κοινωνοί" (kee-no-NEE) ≈ "social" as in societal fellowship or community.

The term "Koine" Greek means the common or social Greek language. In the same manner "Vulgar" Latin is the common or social Latin language. And, in the same manner, in the time of Jesus, "Aramaic" was the common or social Hebrew language.

Information sign More: Going out of existence of corruption and decay

14. 2 Peter 1:4

   2 Peter 1:4 
 All 
KJV: Whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.
Greek: δι ων τα τιμια και μεγιστα ημιν και τιμια επαγγελματα δεδωρηται ινα δια τουτων γενησθε θειας κοινωνοι φυσεως αποφυγοντες της εν τω κοσμω εν επιθυμια φθορας
Latin: per quae maxima et pretiosa nobis promissa donavit ut per haec efficiamini divinae consortes naturae fugientes eius quae in mundo est concupiscentiae corruptionem

15. Aramaic hypothesis
Verse routeMatthew 23:24 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. [kjv]
Verse routeοδηγοι τυφλοι διυλιζοντες τον κωνωπα την δε καμηλον καταπινοντες [gnt]

This verse is the "poster child" example of the "Aramaic hypothesis" as the words used here can be associated with Aramaic words to support the idea that Jesus spoke Aramaic with a few Greek words. On close inspection, however, Jesus, as recorded by Matthew, makes some interesting Greek play on words. Once these are identified, those play on words fit well with other play on words in verses before and after this verse.

This claimed connection is somewhat misleading as both Greek words appear to have a Semitic origin. Thus, concluding that the original speech was in Aramaic and then translated into Greek is tenuous. If the words were spoken in Greek, they would still have an Aramaic or Semitic origin.

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16. Abba: Son of the Father
The word "abba" is used in the GNT (Greek New Testament) in Greek but was not a Hebrew word. It was an Aramaic word. In the garden, before the arrest, trial, and crucifixion, Jesus says the following.

Verse routeMark 14:36 And he said, Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what thou wilt. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι ελεγεν αββα ο πατηρ παντα δυνατα σοι παρενεγκε το ποτηριον τουτο απ εμου αλλ ου τι εγω θελω αλλα τι συ [gnt]
Verse routeAbbacalicem … [v]

The word "abba" is the source of the English words "abbot" and "Abby".

The Latin term "pappa" for "daddy" came to denote the "Pope" as in the "Papal" authority, etc.

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17. Hebrew for Babel
The Hebrew word "בבל" (ba-vel) ≈ "Babel" as in the "confusion" of languages that happened there. The corresponding Aramaic word is pronounced closer to "Babel". בבל - Babel
In English, one is said to "babble" if one says unintelligible sounds that are somewhat like spoken language.

18. Translation difficulties
There are many translation difficulties. Some people then insist that the KJV, as written, is inspired and inerrant.

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19. Proverbs and parables
What is the difference between a "parable" and a "proverb"? It appears that the Hebrew/Aramaic has one word for this concept and that word can be translated into Greek as "parable" or "proverb". It is possible that whoever did the Greek translation picked the Greek word that they thought best matched the original language, but the differences and implications are yet interesting (and left for another time and place).

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20. End of page

by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640