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Romans: Under the law as in sewer pipes
1. Romans: Under the law as in sewer pipes
2 Kings 10:27 And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day. [kjv]
και κατεσπασαν τας στηλας του βααλ και καθειλον τον οικον του βααλ και εταξαν αυτον εις λυτρωνας εως της ημερας ταυτης [lxx]
… latrinas … [v]
… priuyes … [wy]
The "
draught house" is a latrine. The Wycliffe uses "
privy". The Latin word
"latrinas" ≈ "latrine" appears only is this verse in the
LXX (Septuagint) and not in the
GNT (Greek New Testament).
The corresponding Greek word here is interesting and may be an idiom.
2. Greek
2 Kings 10:27 And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day. [kjv]
και κατεσπασαν τας στηλας του βααλ και καθειλον τον οικον του βααλ και εταξαν αυτον εις λυτρωνας εως της ημερας ταυτης [lxx]
The ancient Greek word used here is
"λυτρόω" ≈ "release on receipt of ransom, released from obligation". It is also a mistranslation of the Hebrew "
break the neck".
The Hebrew in this verse is that of "
a refuse dump". A sign on a trash truck says "
We refuse no refuse".
3. Strongs - refuse dump
- *H4163 מוֹצָאָה (mo-tsaw-aw') : feminine of H4161; a family descent; also a sewer (marg.; compare H6675):--draught house; going forth.
4. Isaiah
5. Euphemisms
In both cases, something is "released" but they are very opposite. Many words having to do with "latrines", etc., start as euphemisms.
You may need to be made "privy" to the "necessary" information on "latrines" - though in a "crappy" way: (colon) a way that really needs to "go" through the full course; (semicolon) though perhaps only one of two ways.
6. Isaiah 45:13
KJV: I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts.
Hebrew: אנכי העירתהו בצדק וכל דרכיו אישר הוא יבנה עירי וגלותי ישלח לא במחיר ולא בשחד אמר יהוה צבאות׃
Greek: εγω ηγειρα αυτον μετα δικαιοσυνης βασιλεα και πασαι αι οδοι αυτου ευθειαι ουτος οικοδομησει την πολιν μου και την αιχμαλωσιαν του λαου μου επιστρεψει ου μετα λυτρων ουδε μετα δωρων ειπεν κυριος σαβαωθ
Brenton: I have raised him up to be a king with righteousness, and all his ways are right: he shall build my city, and shall turn the captivity of my people, not for ransoms, nor for rewards, says the Lord of hosts.
7. Slavonic and Russian
2 Kings 10:27 And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day. [kjv]
και κατεσπασαν τας στηλας του βααλ και καθειλον τον οικον του βααλ και εταξαν αυτον εις λυτρωνας εως της ημερας ταυτης [lxx]
… latrinas … [v]
… priuyes … [wy]
… афедрон … [ocs]
… нечистот… [rus]
The Old Church Slavonic word
"афедронъ" ≈ "latrine, toilet" is a transliteration of the ancient Greek word
"ἀφεδρών" ≈ "latrine, toilet".
This word is used a few times (omitted) in the
LXX in reference to the menstrual cycle of women. It is used by Jesus in the
GNT in Matthew and Mark.
8. 2 Kings 10:27
KJV: And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day.
Hebrew: ויתצו את מצבת הבעל ויתצו את בית הבעל וישמהו למחראות עד היום׃
Greek: και κατεσπασαν τας στηλας του βααλ και καθειλον τον οικον του βααλ και εταξαν αυτον εις λυτρωνας εως της ημερας ταυτης
Brenton: And they tore down the pillars of Baal, and made his house a draught-house until this day.
Latin: et comminuerunt eam destruxerunt quoque aedem Baal et fecerunt pro ea latrinas usque ad diem hanc
Wycliffe: and brenten it, and al to braken it. Also thei destrieden the hows of Baal, and maden priuyes for it `til in to this dai.
Slavonic: и разбиша кумиры Вааловы, и низвергоша дом Ваалов, и определиша его на афедрон даже до дне сего.
Russian: И разбили статую Ваала, и разрушили капище Ваалово; и сделали из него место нечистот, до сего дня.
9. Matthew 15:17 Give way to more food
Jesus makes a distinction between the "
belly" and the "
heart" using the Greek word for
"understand" that does
not have a
negative connotation.
Matthew 15:17 Do not ye yet understand, that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into the belly, and is cast out into the draught? [kjv]
ου νοειτε οτι παν το εισπορευομενον εις το στομα εις την κοιλιαν χωρει και εις αφεδρωνα εκβαλλεται [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἀφεδρών" ≈ "toilet" and comes from
"ἕδρα" ≈ "seat", as in "
cathedral", "
polyhedron", etc.
The prefix
"ἀπο" ≈ "away from" which has an idea of a "
separating distance".
The English word
"draught" is an older and obsolete word for
"outhouse" as a
"toilet".
The ancient Greek word
"χωρέω" ≈ "give way, make way". That is, what goes in pushes out what is there such that what is in
"gives way" or
"makes way" to what is coming in.
10. Roman toilets
11. Wiped
The Latin word
"tersus" ≈ "clean, neat, wiped off" and is the source of the English word
"terse".
Luke 7:44 And he turned to the woman, and said unto Simon, Seest thou this woman? I entered into thine house, thou gavest me no water for my feet: but she hath washed my feet with tears, and wiped them with the hairs of her head. [kjv]
και στραφεις προς την γυναικα τω σιμωνι εφη βλεπεις ταυτην την γυναικα εισηλθον σου εις την οικιαν υδωρ μοι επι ποδας ουκ εδωκας αυτη δε τοις δακρυσιν εβρεξεν μου τους ποδας και ταις θριξιν εξεμαξεν [gnt]
… vides … lacrimis … capillis … tersit [v]
12. Luke 7:44
KJV: And he turned to the woman, and said unto Simon, Seest thou this woman? I entered into thine house, thou gavest me no water for my feet: but she hath washed my feet with tears, and wiped them with the hairs of her head.
Greek: και στραφεις προς την γυναικα τω σιμωνι εφη βλεπεις ταυτην την γυναικα εισηλθον σου εις την οικιαν υδωρ μοι επι τους ποδας μου ουκ εδωκας αυτη δε τοις δακρυσιν εβρεξεν μου τους ποδας και ταις θριξιν της κεφαλης αυτης αυτης εξεμαξεν
Latin: et conversus ad mulierem dixit Simoni vides hanc mulierem intravi in domum tuam aquam pedibus meis non dedisti haec autem lacrimis rigavit pedes meos et capillis suis tersit
13. Paradigm shifts
Exodus 25:9 According to all that I shew thee, after the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all the instruments thereof, even so shall ye make it. [kjv]
The English word "
paradigm" comes from the ancient Greek word
"παράδειγμα" ≈ "pattern, example". In modern Greek, "
paradigm" and "
pattern" are this same word.
The word "
paradigm" became popular in the 1960's due to the book by Thomas Kuhn who defined a
paradigm shift as a radical change in the way one thinks about and solves a problem.
Paradigm shifts involve new concepts and often require one to think outside the box. One saying about change in relation it paradigms is that "
shift happens".
14. Tabernacle blueprints
Exodus 25:9 According to all that I shew thee, after the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all the instruments thereof, even so shall ye make it. [kjv]
και ποιησεις μοι κατα παντα οσα εγω σοι δεικνυω εν τω ορει το παραδειγμα της σκηνης και το παραδειγμα παντων των σκευων αυτης ουτω ποιησεις [lxx]
When Moses come down from Mount Sinai, he had (at least) two things.
tablets with the Ten Commandments
engineering blueprints for the tabernacle
The ancient Greek word
"παράδειγμα" ≈ "pattern, example" and comes from the ancient Greek word
"παραδείκνυμι" ≈ "show, compare". The ancient Greek word
"σκηνή" ≈ "tent, theater stage" and is the source of the English word
"scene".
15. Impressions
The ancient Greek word
"τύπος" ≈ "impression, mark" is often translated as (passive) "
example" rather than (active) "
impression".
Philippians 3:17 Brethren, be followers together of me, and mark them which walk so as ye have us for an ensample. [kjv]
συμμιμηται μου γινεσθε αδελφοι και σκοπειτε τους ουτως περιπατουντας καθως εχετε τυπον ημας [gnt]
16. Vespasian
In 66 A.D., Roman General Vespasian was dispatched to quell the Jewish Revolt of 66 AD.
He became Roman Emperor in 69 A.D. after the demise of Emperor Nero and his son Titus (later a Roman Emperor) finished the military action around Jerusalem which resulted in the destruction of the Jewish Temple in the manner described by Jesus about 40 years earlier.
What is an invention for which Vespasian is credited? (As a way to increase Roman revenue).
Vespasian is credited with the pay toilet. More precisely, it was a urine tax on public toilets. Urine was used to clean clothes, etc., as it turned to ammonia after a short time.
17. Bureaucrats
Bureaucrats think along the lines that if something can be measured, it can be taxed. Just control and/or monitor the production and distribution sites.
Wine and alcoholic beverages. Easy to control, monitor, tax.
Yard sales: Hard to control, monitor, tax.
In conversation, I mentioned how hard is was to monitor and tax yard sales to a Savannah, GA, area official about 2005. He took the comment seriously and said they were working on a way to do just that.
18. The smell of money
The smell of money is described by the Latin phrase
"Pecunia non ole" ≈ "money does not stink" which may have it's origins in the actions of Vespasian.
Paul would advise Timothy about the "
love of money".
1 Timothy 6:10 For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows. [kjv]
ριζα γαρ παντων των κακων εστιν η φιλαργυρια ης τινες ορεγομενοι απεπλανηθησαν απο της πιστεως και εαυτους περιεπειραν οδυναις πολλαις [gnt]
19. Mark 7:19 Latrine
Mark 7:19 Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats? [kjv]
οτι ουκ εισπορευεται αυτου εις την καρδιαν αλλ εις την κοιλιαν και εις τον αφεδρωνα εκπορευεται καθαριζων παντα τα βρωματα [gnt]
The passage in Mark forced the meaning of "
latrine" from figurative to include the literal meaning.
Interestingly, the Greek words for "
latrine", as used by Jesus, and "
sewer pipes" as one meaning of the ancient Greek word
"ὑπόνομος" ≈ "underground passage, mine, water-pipe, conduit, sewer, vein of minerals" appear in an inscription found at
Pergaumum, one of the
Seven Churches in Revelation to which Jesus dictated letters to John.
20. Wikipedia: Inscription at Pergaumum
The following is a transcription and translation of the relevant text from Lex de astynomis Pergamenorum ("Law of the town clerks of Pergamon") following the Greek text as published by Klaffenbach (1954). (underlining added)
483.220 ΑΦΕΔΡΩΝΩΝ = Concerning privies. ΟΙ ΑΣΤΥΝΟΜΟΙ = the town clerks ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑΝ = care (f.acc.) ΠΟΙΕΙΣΘΩΣΑΝ = shall make ΤΩΝ ΤΕ = of the ΔΗΜΟΣΙΩΝ = public ΑΦΕΔΡΩΝΩΝ = privies, ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ = and of ΕΞ ΑΥΤΩΝ = out of them ΥΠΟΝΟΜΩΝ = sewers pl. ΚΑΙ ΕΑΝ = and if ΤΙΝΕΣ = some ΜΗ ΣΤΕΓΝΟΙ = not covers/lids pl. ΥΠΑΡΧΩΣΙΝ = already in existence ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ.... = and of.... (text broken)
Translation: Concerning WCs. The town clerks shall maintain the public WCs and their outpipes. And if some of them are not covered and of them... (text broken).
From Wikipedia. (as of 2023-02-06)
21. Romans 6:14 Under the law
Romans 6:14 For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace. [kjv]
αμαρτια γαρ υμων ου κυριευσει ου γαρ εστε υπο νομον αλλα υπο χαριν [gnt]
Paul, in Romans, Galatians, and other places, often writes about being "
under the law". Which do you prefer?
"not under the law, but under grace"
"not under law but under grace".
One must distinguish the law (opinion, glory) of God and law (opinion, glory) of humans.
22. Google Translate
Google Translate provides the English "
under the law" as the modern Greek phrase
"υπό τον νόμο" (ee-PO ton NO-mo) ≈ "under the law". (as of 2023-02-06)
That is, it includes the definite article for "
the" in Greek. That article can usually be omitted as it is then inferred. The same is true in ancient Greek.
23. James
James 2:9 But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors. [kjv]
ει δε προσωπολημπτειτε αμαρτιαν εργαζεσθε ελεγχομενοι υπο του νομου ως παραβαται [gnt]
James writes a definite article (genitive case) between "
under" and "
law".
The "
law" is a Greek word that has origins in flocks (of sheep, etc.), customs, later law and money. The meaning can change depending on the syllable accented.
24. James 2:9
KJV: But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
Greek: ει δε προσωποληπτειτε προσωπολημπτειτε αμαρτιαν εργαζεσθε ελεγχομενοι υπο του νομου ως παραβαται
25. Coining a customary distribution law of iniquity
The ancient Greek words for "
pasture", "
law", "
nomad", "
coin" are related. The progression appears to be from a pasture, to a distribution of sheep, to the rules for such distributions, to representations of such wealth as coins, etc.
The ancient Greek word "νέμω" ≈ "distribute, pasture, graze" (as a verb)
The ancient Greek word "νομός" ≈ "pasture" (as a noun, accent on second syllable)
The ancient Greek word "νόμος" ≈ "custom, law" (as a noun, accent on first syllable)
Some English words made from this word include "
economy", "
astronomy", "
Deuteronomy", "
numismatics", etc.
Interestingly, the word the
KJV (King James Version) translates as "
iniquity" is a negation of that word for "
law".
26. Ancient Greek texts
Ancient Greek texts were written an all uppercase letters and did not have spaces. If one read the text the meaning would be conveyed by the sounds made. So, as sounds changed the writing changed with it. This accounts for many textual differences in ancient Greek manuscripts.
Hebrew was more obtuse as there were no explicit vowels, only consonants.
27. Paul and double-meanings
In all his writings, Paul uses a lot of puns, double-meanings, allusions, connections with local culture, connections with
LXX (Greek Old Testament) verses, etc.
28. Romans 6:14 Paul and double meaning
The following appear to differ only in the space in the text - there are none in the original Greek. Both are objects in accusative case ending. Accents were added later.
The ancient Greek word "υπό νόμον" ≈ "under (the) law".
The ancient Greek word "ὑπόνομον" ≈ "underground passage, mine, water-pipe, conduit, sewer, vein of minerals".
Romans 6:14 … ye are not under the law, but under grace. [kjv]
αμαρτια γαρ υμων ου κυριευσει ου γαρ εστε υπο νομον αλλα υπο χαριν [gnt]
Paul can be saying (at least) two things (and all can be true).
☐ (on earth)
... you are not under law but under grace. (from above)
☐ (on earth)
... you are not sewer pipes but under purpose. (from above)
This appears to be the main emphasis of Romans. The word for "
grace" is that of "
favor" and can be translated as "
purpose".
29. Catacombs
The Catacombs of Rome were a vast underground burial area.
Early Christians sometimes met there.
Discuss: Might the second meaning of "
underground conduit" for "
under the law" have any useful meaning here?
Matthew 5:14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid. [kjv]
υμεις εστε το φως του κοσμου ου δυναται πολις κρυβηναι επανω ορους κειμενη [gnt]
Paul uses the phrase "
under law" often in Galatians. It may not be clear how the secondary meaning applies.
30. Catacombs
31. Matthew 5:14
KJV: Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid.
Greek: υμεις εστε το φως του κοσμου ου δυναται πολις κρυβηναι επανω ορους κειμενη
32. Verses
Now look at the following verses and decide how well the secondary meaning of "sewer pipes" (as a conduit for earthly purpose) fits or does not fit the verse. In some cases, the meaning of "conduit" or "underground passage" may fit better.
Note that in all cases the KJV infers the "the" in "under the law" whereas in Greek it might or might not be included and would be inferred as needed by context.
33. Romans 6:14
KJV: For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace.
Greek: αμαρτια γαρ υμων ου κυριευσει ου γαρ εστε υπο νομον αλλ αλλα υπο χαριν
34. Romans 6:15 Sin
Romans 6:15 What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid. [kjv]
τι ουν αμαρτησωμεν οτι ουκ εσμεν υπο νομον υπο χαριν μη γενοιτο [gnt]
35. Romans 6:15
KJV: What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid.
Greek: τι ουν αμαρτησομεν αμαρτησωμεν οτι ουκ εσμεν υπο νομον αλλ αλλα υπο χαριν μη γενοιτο
36. 1 Corinthians 9:20
1 Corinthians 9:20 And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews; to them that are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law; [kjv]
και εγενομην τοις ιουδαιοις ως ιουδαιος ινα ιουδαιους κερδησω τοις υπο νομον ως υπο νομον μη ων αυτος υπο νομον ινα τους υπο νομον κερδησω [gnt]
37. 1 Corinthians 9:20
KJV: And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews; to them that are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law;
Greek: και εγενομην τοις ιουδαιοις ως ιουδαιος ινα ιουδαιους κερδησω τοις υπο νομον ως υπο νομον μη ων αυτος υπο νομον ινα τους υπο νομον κερδησω
38. Galatians 3:23
Galatians 3:23 But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. [kjv]
προ του δε ελθειν την πιστιν υπο νομον εφρουρουμεθα συγκλειομενοι εις την μελλουσαν πιστιν αποκαλυφθηναι [gnt]
39. Galatians 3:23
KJV: But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.
Greek: προ του δε ελθειν την πιστιν υπο νομον εφρουρουμεθα συγκεκλεισμενοι συγκλειομενοι εις την μελλουσαν πιστιν αποκαλυφθηναι
40. Galatians 4:4-5
Galatians 4:4 But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, [kjv]
οτε δε ηλθεν το πληρωμα του χρονου εξαπεστειλεν ο θεος τον υιον αυτου γενομενον εκ γυναικος γενομενον υπο νομον [gnt]
4:5 To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. [kjv]
ινα τους υπο νομον εξαγοραση ινα την υιοθεσιαν απολαβωμεν [gnt]
41. Galatians 4:4
KJV: But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law,
Greek: οτε δε ηλθεν το πληρωμα του χρονου εξαπεστειλεν ο θεος τον υιον αυτου γενομενον εκ γυναικος γενομενον υπο νομον
42. Galatians 4:5
KJV: To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.
Greek: ινα τους υπο νομον εξαγοραση ινα την υιοθεσιαν απολαβωμεν
43. Galatians 4:21
Galatians 4:21 Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye not hear the law? [kjv]
λεγετε μοι οι υπο νομον θελοντες ειναι τον νομον ουκ ακουετε [gnt]
44. Galatians 4:21
KJV: Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye not hear the law?
Greek: λεγετε μοι οι υπο νομον θελοντες ειναι τον νομον ουκ ακουετε
45. Galatians 5:18
Galatians 5:18 But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law. [kjv]
ει δε πνευματι αγεσθε ουκ εστε υπο νομον [gnt]
46. Galatians 5:18
KJV: But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law.
Greek: ει δε πνευματι αγεσθε ουκ εστε υπο νομον
47. End of page
2 Kings 10:27 … and made it a draught house unto this day. [kjv]
και κατεσπασαν τας στηλας του βααλ και καθειλον τον οικον του βααλ και εταξαν αυτον εις λυτρωνας εως της ημερας ταυτης [lxx]
… latrinas … [v]
Isaiah 45:13 … not for price nor reward, … [kjv]
εγω ηγειρα αυτον μετα δικαιοσυνης βασιλεα και πασαι αι οδοι αυτου ευθειαι ουτος οικοδομησει την πολιν μου και την αιχμαλωσιαν του λαου μου επιστρεψει ου μετα λυτρων ουδε μετα δωρων ειπεν κυριος σαβαωθ [lxx]
… not for ransoms, nor for rewards, … [bs3]
