Matthew 15:1 Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem, saying, [kjv]
τοτε προσερχονται τω ιησου απο ιεροσολυμων φαρισαιοι και γραμματεις λεγοντες [gnt]
This verse starts an interaction and a short discourse.
The "Pharisees" fit the model of the "birds" or "eye" as in false leaders who use others for their own benefit.
The "scribes" fit the model of the "pigs" or "hands" as in those who work for the "birds". In this case, in more of an academic role. The "pig" could be a soldier (e.g., in the Crusades), part of an inquisition (torturing, killing, etc.) or some more benign role such as a "scribe" to support the "birds".
4. Matthew 15:1
KJV: Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem, saying,
Greek: τοτε προσερχονται τω ιησου οι απο ιεροσολυμων γραμματεις και φαρισαιοι και γραμματεις λεγοντες
5. Matthew 15:2 Ancient and senior elders
Matthew 15:2 Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread. [kjv]
δια τι οι μαθηται σου παραβαινουσιν την παραδοσιν των πρεσβυτερων ου γαρ νιπτονται τας χειρας οταν αρτον εσθιωσιν [gnt]
… discipuli … transgrediuntur traditionem seniorum … lavant manus … panem manducant [v]
The ancient Greek word "πρεσβύτερος" ≈ "older (of two people), advanced in life, senior" and comes from "πρέσβυς" ≈ "elderly, aged". This word is the source of the English word "Presbyterian".
6. Strongs - wash
- *G3538 *17 νίπτω (nip'-to) : to cleanse (especially the hands or the feet or the face); ceremonially, to perform ablution:--wash. Compare G3068.
- νιψαι *3
- Matthew 6:17 ... thine head, and wash thy face;
- John 9:7 ... unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, (which is by interpretation, Sent.) He went his way therefore, and washed, and came seeing.
- John 9:11 ... of Siloam, and wash: and I went and washed, and I received sight.
- νιπτειν *2
- John 13:5 ... a bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and ...
- John 13:14 ... and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet.
- ενιψεν *2
- John 13:12 So after he had washed their feet, and ...
- 1 Timothy 5:10 ... if she have lodged strangers, if she have washed the saints' feet, if ...
- νιπτονται
- Matthew 15:2 ... the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands ...
- νιψωνται
- Mark 7:3 ... all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat ...
- ενιψατο
- John 9:7 ... unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, (which is by interpretation, Sent.) He went his way therefore, and washed, and came seeing.
- νιψαμενος
- John 9:11 ... of Siloam, and wash: and I went and washed, and I received sight.
- ενιψαμην
- John 9:15 ... mine eyes, and I washed, and do see.
- νιπτεις
- John 13:6 ... unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet?
- νιψης
- John 13:8 Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. ...
- νιψω
- John 13:8 Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. ...
- νιψασθαι
- John 13:10 ... needeth not save to wash his feet, but ...
- ενιψα
- John 13:14 ... and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet.
7. Usage - wash
*G3538 *17 νίπτω (nip'-to) : to cleanse (especially the hands or the feet or the face); ceremonially, to perform ablution:--wash. Compare G3068.
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Words: ενιψα ενιψαμην ενιψατο ενιψεν=2 νιπτειν=2 νιπτεις νιπτονται νιψαι=3 νιψαμενος νιψασθαι νιψης νιψω νιψωνται
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The ancient Greek word "νίζω" ≈ "wash (hands or feet of another), purge, cleanse". A back-formation of this word is that used in the above verse.
8. Matthew 15:2 Wash
Matthew 15:2 Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread. [kjv]
δια τι οι μαθηται σου παραβαινουσιν την παραδοσιν των πρεσβυτερων ου γαρ νιπτονται τας χειρας οταν αρτον εσθιωσιν [gnt]
… discipuli … transgrediuntur traditionem seniorum … lavant manus … panem manducant [v]
The " disciples" fit the model of the " sheep" or " hair". Their " head" is Jesus.
The Greek translated as " why" is that of " through what".
The ancient Greek word "νίζω" ≈ "wash (hands or feet of another), purge, cleanse".
Interestingly, in the animal and body part model, the " feet" as " fish" need "washed" in the " blood" but the " hands" as "pigs" or " sheep" and the " head" as Jesus do not. The "birds", apparently, are beyond hope.
9. Matthew 15:2 Transgress
Matthew 15:2 Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread. [kjv]
δια τι οι μαθηται σου παραβαινουσιν την παραδοσιν των πρεσβυτερων ου γαρ νιπτονται τας χειρας οταν αρτον εσθιωσιν [gnt]
… discipuli … transgrediuntur traditionem seniorum … lavant manus … panem manducant [v]
The Greek for "transgress" means, literally, "walk beyond". The ancient Greek word "παραβάτην" ≈ "transgressor" is meaning, literally, one who "walks beyond" (where they are supposed to go).
"παρα" ≈ "beyond".
"βαίνω" ≈ "walk, step" and is the source of English words such as "acrobat" (one who walks end to end).
10. Galatians 2:18 Transgressor
Galatians 2:18 For if I build again the things which I destroyed, I make myself a transgressor. [kjv]
ει γαρ α κατελυσα ταυτα παλιν οικοδομω παραβατην εμαυτον συνιστανω [gnt]
Paul uses the ancient Greek word "παραβάτην" ≈ "transgressor" is meaning, literally, one who "walks beyond" (where they are supposed to go).
"παρα" ≈ "beyond".
"βαίνω" ≈ "walk, step" and is the source of English words such as "acrobat" (one who walks end to end).
Matthew and Luke, the " transgressions" (e.g., Lord's Prayer and after) do not use this word that means "transgression".
The word translated as "destroyed" has a primary meaning of "reside" as in "making a residence". Did Paul actually "destroy" the Jewish system of law? Did he "reside" in that system?
The Greek word translated " build" has the Greek word for " house" in it. One should not " build" a " house" of those things again in another similar form. Has the church " rebuilt" parts of ritual and tradition to replace the Jewish system it replaced?
11. Jesus and the law and Zaccheaus
Jesus and Zaccheaus: (verb). A few verses later is the Palm Sunday entrance of Jesus.
Luke 19:5 And when Jesus came to the place, he looked up, and saw him, and said unto him, Zacchaeus, make haste, and come down; for to day I must abide at thy house. [kjv]
και ως ηλθεν επι τον τοπον αναβλεψας ο ιησους ειπεν προς αυτον ζακχαιε σπευσας καταβηθι σημερον γαρ εν τω οικω σου δει με μειναι [gnt]
19:7 And when they saw it, they all murmured, saying, That he was gone to be guest with a man that is a sinner. [kjv]
και ιδοντες παντες διεγογγυζον λεγοντες οτι παρα αμαρτωλω ανδρι εισηλθεν καταλυσαι [gnt]
Jesus and the law and the prophets: (verb). This is near the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount.
Matthew 5:17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. [kjv]
μη νομισητε οτι ηλθον καταλυσαι τον νομον η τους προφητας ουκ ηλθον καταλυσαι αλλα πληρωσαι [gnt]
The English is "fulfill" or "fill full". The Greek for "complete" can involve adding or taking away - as in a sculpture where parts of the material are chipped away.
12. Catalyst as a noun
Jesus and the Last Supper: This was already " prepared".
Mark 14:14 … The Master saith, Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples? [kjv]
και οπου εαν εισελθη ειπατε τω οικοδεσποτη οτι ο διδασκαλος λεγει που εστιν το καταλυμα μου οπου το πασχα μετα των μαθητων μου φαγω [gnt]
Mary and Joseph: Luke did not use the Greek word for "inn".
Luke 2:7 … there was no room for them in the inn. [kjv]
και ετεκεν τον υιον αυτης τον πρωτοτοκον και εσπαργανωσεν αυτον και ανεκλινεν αυτον εν φατνη διοτι ουκ ην αυτοις τοπος εν τω καταλυματι [gnt]
Jesus and the Father's house: Place to "remain", Latin used "mansions".
John 14:2 In my Father's house are many mansions: … I go to prepare a place for you. [kjv]
εν τη οικια του πατρος μου μοναι πολλαι εισιν ει δε μη ειπον αν υμιν οτι πορευομαι ετοιμασαι τοπον υμιν [gnt]
13. Matthew 15:2 Traditions
Matthew 15:2 Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread. [kjv]
δια τι οι μαθηται σου παραβαινουσιν την παραδοσιν των πρεσβυτερων ου γαρ νιπτονται τας χειρας οταν αρτον εσθιωσιν [gnt]
… discipuli … transgrediuntur traditionem seniorum … lavant manus … panem manducant [v]
The ancient Greek word "παράδοσις" ≈ "transmission, transfer" and comes from two Greek words.
"παρα" ≈ "beyond".
"δόσις" ≈ "giving, gift, dose of medicine"and is the source of the English word "dose".
In context, it can mean "tradition" as something "transmitted" or "handed over" from generation to generation as in " beyond" the current generation.
The "traditions" of men that form man's additions to God's law is what Jesus refers to as " jots" as " opinions" or " spots" and " tittles" as " horns" or " rules". These are usually enforced, deceptively, using " oaths".
14. Tradition betrayed
Matthew 15:2 Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread. [kjv]
δια τι οι μαθηται σου παραβαινουσιν την παραδοσιν των πρεσβυτερων ου γαρ νιπτονται τας χειρας οταν αρτον εσθιωσιν [gnt]
… discipuli … transgrediuntur traditionem seniorum … lavant manus … panem manducant [v]
10:4 Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. [kjv]
σιμων ο καναναιος και ιουδας ο ισκαριωτης ο και παραδους αυτον [gnt]
The Greek word for "tradition" or "hand over" is related to the Greek word for "betray" or "hand over". The ancient Greek word "παράδοσις" ≈ "transmission, transfer" and comes from two Greek words.
"παρά" ≈ "beyond".
"δόσις" ≈ "giving, gift, dose of medicine"and is the source of the English word "dose".
In context, it can mean "tradition" as something "transmitted" or "handed over" from generation to generation as in " beyond" the current generation. The word is related to the Greek word for "betray".
15. Matthew 10:4
KJV: Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.
Greek: σιμων ο κανανιτης καναναιος και ιουδας ο ισκαριωτης ο και παραδους αυτον
16. Strongs - tradition
- *G3862 *13 παράδοσις (par-ad'-os-is) : from G3860; transmission, i.e. (concretely) a precept; specially, the Jewish traditionary law:--ordinance, tradition.
- παραδοσιν *9
- Matthew 15:2 ... thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash ...
- Matthew 15:3 ... of God by your tradition?
- Matthew 15:6 ... of none effect by your tradition.
- Mark 7:3 ... eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.
- Mark 7:5 ... thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat ...
- Mark 7:8 ... the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots ...
- Mark 7:9 ... that ye may keep your own tradition.
- Colossians 2:8 ... vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments ...
- 2 Thessalonians 3:6 ... and not after the tradition which he received of us.
- παραδοσεις *2
- 1 Corinthians 11:2 ... in all things, and keep the ordinances, as I delivered them to you.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:15 ... stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether ...
- παραδοσει
- Mark 7:13 ... of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and ...
- παραδοσεων
- Galatians 1:14 ... zealous of the traditions of my fathers.
17. Usage - tradition
*G3862 *13 παράδοσις (par-ad'-os-is) : from G3860; transmission, i.e. (concretely) a precept; specially, the Jewish traditionary law:--ordinance, tradition.
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Words: παραδοσει παραδοσεις=2 παραδοσεων παραδοσιν=9
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*G3860 *119 παραδίδωμι (par-ad-id'-o-mee) : from G3844 and G1325; to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit:--betray, bring forth, cast, commit, deliver (up), give (over, up), hazard, put in prison, recommend.
18. Matthew 15:2
KJV: Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread.
Greek: δια τι οι μαθηται σου παραβαινουσιν την παραδοσιν των πρεσβυτερων ου γαρ νιπτονται τας χειρας αυτων οταν αρτον εσθιωσιν
Latin: quare discipuli tui transgrediuntur traditionem seniorum non enim lavant manus suas cum panem manducant
19. Matthew 15:3 Tradition as a transgression
Matthew 15:3 But he answered and said unto them, Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by your tradition? [kjv]
ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αυτοις δια τι και υμεις παραβαινετε την εντολην του θεου δια την παραδοσιν υμων [gnt]
Jesus turns their reasoning back to them. That is, they are accusing the disciples of what, in a general sense, they are themselves doing but they do not see any connection (until Jesus elaborates).
Here are some ways to "transgress".
Active (commission): Violate some or all of the "laws" of God.
Passive (omission): Not follow some or all of the "laws" of God.
Man can introduce "traditions", often with " oaths", that keep one from following all the laws of God. This is called the " yoke" of " compulsion".
[Dr. Dobson]
20. Matthew 15:3
KJV: But he answered and said unto them, Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by your tradition?
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αυτοις δια τι και υμεις παραβαινετε την εντολην του θεου δια την παραδοσιν υμων
21. Transgression progression
The Pharisees gained power at the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. Since the walls were being rebuilt to defend Jerusalem, they wanted to create a wall of laws to keep the people from straying from the word of God. This " wall" might be compared to a " pit" or " abyss".
What is a "sin"? Think "doing good" on the Sabbath.
When do you become a "transgressor" of the "law"?
Whose "law"? Does "tradition" take precedence over God's "law"?
Does God require "oaths"? How about "creeds"? What is the difference?
Jesus talks about "transgression" and "tradition" in Matthew 15:1-27.
[permit law, non-monotonic logic, negation by failure, life, walls, Joshua]
22. Matthew 15:4 Bad mouth
Matthew 15:4 For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death. [kjv]
ο γαρ θεος ειπεν τιμα τον πατερα και την μητερα και ο κακολογων πατερα η μητερα θανατω τελευτατω [gnt]
Jesus uses the example of honoring father and mother. The Greek word for " honor" is that of placing " value". The Greek word translated "curseth" is that of, literally, "bad words".
"κακός" ≈ "bad".
"λόγος" ≈ "reasoning, word".
There are other Greek words for what in English is called a " curse".
☐ Have you ever heard people "curse" their father or mother?
☐ Have you ever heard people "bad mouth" their father or mother?
The Greek for " die" is that of " end in". Whose " death" it is must be inferred?
When you " dishonor" your mother or father, and your children can hear or observe, you are teaching your children that they can " dishonor" you (regardless of age).
23. Matthew 15:4
KJV: For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death.
Greek: ο γαρ θεος ενετειλατο λεγων ειπεν τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα και ο κακολογων πατερα η μητερα θανατω τελευτατω
24. Matthew 15:5 Corban
Matthew 15:5 But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; [kjv]
υμεις δε λεγετε ος αν ειπη τω πατρι η τη μητρι δωρον ο εαν εξ εμου ωφεληθης ου μητιμησει τονπατερα αυτου [gnt]
That is, by declaring something a " gift" to God (a man-made rule), as if God needs that " gift", one can side-step rules that come from God. By using a man-made tradition to side-step or get around God's rules, they have, in effect, made God's law of no effect.
In Mark, the name for this policy, to be clarified by Jesus, is provided as "corban". Mark is Peter's Gospel as told to Mark.
Why might Jesus have not wanted to use the Aramaic name "corban" for this "tradition"?
25. Mark 7:10-11 Corban
The same idea of meaning and word changes have been present since language began.
Mark 7:10 For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death: [kjv]
μωυσης γαρ ειπεν τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα σου και ο κακολογων πατερα η μητερα θανατω τελευτατω [gnt]
This verse is the setup for the " euphemism" in the next verse. The word "corban" was a way (loophole) to say that one did not need to honor any obligations to others such as father or mother.
7:11 But ye say, If a man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free. [kjv]
υμεις δε λεγετε εαν ειπη ανθρωπος τω πατρι η τη μητρι κορβαν ο εστιν δωρον ο εαν εξ εμου ωφεληθης [gnt]
26. Matthew 5:33-36 Oath problems
Matthew 5:33 Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths: [kjv]
5:34 But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne: [kjv]
5:35 Nor by the earth; for it is his footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King. [kjv]
5:36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black. [kjv]
Some problems with oaths:
☐ One can be deceived into "swearing" an "oath".
☐ One cannot get out of a deceptive "oath" except by breaking the oath.
In making decisions, one should take into consideration what one does not know. That is, a deception.
Discuss: Has any church throughout history ever required followers to go against what Jesus said? If so, provide some examples.
27. Matthew 15:5
KJV: But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me;
Greek: υμεις δε λεγετε ος αν ειπη τω πατρι η τη μητρι δωρον ο εαν εξ εμου ωφεληθης ου μη τιμησει τον πατερα αυτου
28. Strongs - make void
- *G208 *3 ἀκυρόω (ak-oo-ro'-o) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and G2964; to invalidate:--disannul, make of none effect.
- ηκυρωσατε
- Matthew 15:6 ... mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.
- ακυρουντες
- Mark 7:13 Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ...
- ακυροι
- Galatians 3:17 ... years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.
29. Usage - make void
*G208 *3 ἀκυρόω (ak-oo-ro'-o) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and G2964; to invalidate:--disannul, make of none effect.
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Words: ακυροι ακυρουντες ηκυρωσατε=1
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30. Matthew 15:6 To no effect
Matthew 15:6 And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition. [kjv]
και ηκυρωσατε τον λογον του θεου δια την παραδοσιν υμων [gnt]
The TR (Textus Receptus) adds words and phrases and changes the Greek word for "reasoning" to that of "commandment". The word translated as "make void" or "none effect" is used once in this form in the GNT (Greek New Testament). It appears to be a play on words.
English: ... and make void the reasoning of God ... (word order of the Greek)
Greek: ... και ηκυρωσατε τον λογον του θεου ...
English: ... and the master sata-ton reasoning of God ... (play on words)
The play on words would indicate the word " the" as grammatically feminine. This might suggest the woman mixing in the leaven or false doctrine in the fourth kingdom parable where a similar play on words was such that " measures three" had several play on word meanings including " Satan three".
31. Matthew 13:33 Play on words
Matthew 13:33 Another parable spake he unto them; The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven, which a woman took, and hid in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened. [kjv]
αλλην παραβολην ελαλησεν αυτοις ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων ζυμη ην λαβουσα γυνη ενεκρυψεν εις αλευρου σατα τρια εως ου εζυμωθη ολον [gnt]
Here are some play on word possibilities for (less usual) "measures" "three" where the allusions meld together and need not be exact. These do not work for the (more usual) "three" "measures".
Can you think of ways that these allusions might be "encrypted" in the "wheat" or "meal"?
☐ Greek: σατα τρια (sata tria) as "measures three" (as written)
☐ Greek: σαταν τρια (satan tria) as "satan three"
☐ Greek: σαταρίς τρια (sataris tria) as "woman's headress three"
☐ Greek: στατηρα τρια (statira tria) as "temple tax coin three"
☐ Greek: στατηρα (statira) as "temple tax coin"
The Greek for "wheat" or "meal" appears to be a play on word allusion to " freedom".
32. Matthew 15:6
KJV: And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.
Greek: και ου μη τιμηση τον πατερα αυτου η την μητερα αυτου και ηκυρωσατε την εντολην τον λογον του θεου δια την παραδοσιν υμων
33. Hypocritical distinctions
The ancient Greek word "ὑποκριτής" ≈ "actor, pretender" and comes from "ὑποκρίνομαι" ≈ "answer, interpret, play a part as an actor".
Since one cannot determine what someone is thinking, one needs to compare what someone is saying with what God says to detect important differences. A deceiver would want to change what the people think that God is saying to avoid such a comparison.
A modern English "hypocrite" says to do something but they actually do something else.
An ancient Greek "hypocrite" says to do something, and they may in fact do this something, but their thoughts ( heart) is not in line with what they say. They are "pretending". In this case, as a deception to have dominion over other human beings.
[salesperson]
34. Matthew 15:7-8
Matthew 15:7 Ye hypocrites, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying, [kjv]
υποκριται καλως επροφητευσεν περι υμων ησαιας λεγων [gnt]
15:8 This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips; but their heart is far from me. [kjv]
ο λαος ουτος τοις χειλεσιν με τιμα η δε καρδια αυτων πορρω απεχει απ εμου [gnt]
The Greek word for "hypocrite" meant "acting" or "pretending".
Modern hypocritical behavior: Telling the disciples not to eat without washing their hands while they, in fact, eating without washing their own hands. They were not doing this. Thus, they were not "hypocrites" in the modern sense.
Ancient hypocritical acting or pretending behavior: They believed what they were saying but were "acting" or "pretending" that this tradition was, in fact, important.
Jesus, through Isaiah, indicates the definition of the "hypocrite" as someone who "pretends" to honor God (with their " lips") but their " heart" does not do this. They can do exactly what they are saying and are then not "hypocrites" in the modern sense. Instead, they are just pretending to honor God.
35. Matthew 15:7
KJV: Ye hypocrites, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying,
Greek: υποκριται καλως προεφητευσεν επροφητευσεν περι υμων ησαιας λεγων
36. Matthew 15:8
KJV: This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips; but their heart is far from me.
Greek: εγγιζει μοι ο λαος ουτος τω στοματι αυτων και τοις τοις χειλεσιν με τιμα η δε καρδια αυτων πορρω απεχει απ εμου
37. Matthew 15:9 Vain traditions
Matthew 15:9 But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. [kjv]
ματην δε σεβονται με διδασκοντες διδασκαλιας ενταλματα ανθρωπων [gnt]
Jesus says that they "teach" the "doctrines" or "teachings" of " men" which is of " no effect" or " vain" in worshiping God.
The ancient Greek word "διδάσκαλος" ≈ "teacher, master" and comes from the ancient Greek word "διδάσκω" ≈ "teach, instruct, train". The English of the KJV (King James Version) often uses a different English word when the Greek uses the same word.
English: ... they teach the doctrine ...
Greek: ... the teach the teaching ...
This is the case of the German words "lernen" ≈ "learn" and "lehren" ≈ "teach". The Old English word "lehrete" ≈ "teach". Germanic influence on English and Pennsylvania Dutch (German):
From the German: The teacher did not learn me to learn.
38. Matthew 15:9
KJV: But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.
Greek: ματην δε σεβονται με διδασκοντες διδασκαλιας ενταλματα ανθρωπων
39. Matthew 15:10 Common crowds
Matthew 15:10 And he called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear, and understand: [kjv]
και προσκαλεσαμενος τον οχλον ειπεν αυτοις ακουετε και συνιετε [gnt]
Jesus will now explain to the "crowd" which is often referred to as the "fish" or "feet". Thus, one is a " fisher" of " men".
The ancient Greek word "ὄχλος" ≈ "multitude, crown" and may, thorough the Greek digamma (i.e.., two gammas with an " F" or " V" sound), be related to the German word "Volk" ≈ "people" as in " Volkswagen" and to the English word "folk".
40. Matthew 15:10 Hear and understand
Matthew 15:10 And he called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear, and understand: [kjv]
και προσκαλεσαμενος τον οχλον ειπεν αυτοις ακουετε και συνιετε [gnt]
The Greek word for "hear" assumes "understanding". Otherwise, one must indicate so.
The Greek word translated as "understand" is that of literally "together understand". Jesus does not use this word in a good way.
Thus, Jesus is saying "listen" with implied "understand" and "together understand", not in a good sense. Those listening might have been puzzled if they assumed the normal meaning of the spoken words. The Pharisees appeared to have felt " entrapped".
41. Matthew 15:10
KJV: And he called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear, and understand:
Greek: και προσκαλεσαμενος τον οχλον ειπεν αυτοις ακουετε και συνιετε
42. Matthew 15:11 Make common
Matthew 15:11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man. [kjv]
ου το εισερχομενον εις το στομα κοινοι τον ανθρωπον αλλα το εκπορευομενον εκ του στοματος τουτο κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
… intrat in os coinquinat … procedit ex ore … coinquinat … [v]
The KJV meaning of "defile" appears to come from the Latin word "coinquino" ≈ "defile, pollute, contaminate" and not from the ancient Greek word "κοινόω" ≈ "make common, share". In the Cambridge Greek Lexicon (two large volumes), the meaning of "make unholy" or "defile" is definition 19 of 19 definitions. The other definitions fit closely the idea of "make common".
"κοινός" ≈ "common".
"κοινωνία" ≈ "community, fellowship".
The Greek word translated as "defile" is that of "making common" and is the word used as "Koine" as "Koine" " Greek" or "Common" " Greek" as spoken by the people and not by learned poets. "Vulgar" Latin is "Common" Latin as spoken by the people. To "make common" or " take for granted" something that is " sacred" can be taken as "defiled".
43. Matthew 15:11 Distinction
Matthew 15:11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man. [kjv]
ου το εισερχομενον εις το στομα κοινοι τον ανθρωπον αλλα το εκπορευομενον εκ του στοματος τουτο κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
… intrat in os coinquinat … procedit ex ore … coinquinat … [v]
Distinction:
To "make common" what is "already common" is not a "defilement".
To "make common" what is to be "holy" is a "defilement".
The KJV makes assumptions that can be inferred but appear to not be explicitly stated in the text. What comes out of the "mouth" can "defile" a man but only if it "makes common" what is to be " holy".
Discuss: Does " dressing down" such as wearing tattered " blue jeans" to church (i.e., looking like a bum) in any way "make common" or "defile" the person dressing as such? Explain.
44. Strongs - defile
- *G2840 *14 κοινόω (koy-no'-o) : from G2839; to make (or consider) profane (ceremonially):--call common, defile, pollute, unclean.
- κοινοι *6
- Matthew 15:11 ... into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man.
- Matthew 15:18 ... from the heart; and they defile the man.
- Matthew 15:20 These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.
- Mark 7:20 ... of the man, that defileth the man.
- Mark 7:23 ... come from within, and defile the man.
- κοινουντα *2
- Matthew 15:20 These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.
- Mark 7:15 ... him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.
- κοινωσαι *2
- Mark 7:15 ... him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.
- Mark 7:18 ... the man, it can not defile him;
- κοινου *2
- Acts 10:15 ... God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.
- Acts 11:9 ... God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.
- κεκοινωκεν
- Acts 21:28 ... into the temple, and hath polluted this holy place.
- κεκοινωμενους
- Hebrews 9:13 ... the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh:
45. Usage - defile
*G2840 *14 κοινόω (koy-no'-o) : from G2839; to make (or consider) profane (ceremonially):--call common, defile, pollute, unclean.
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Words: κεκοινωκεν κεκοινωμενους κοινοι=6 κοινου=2 κοινουντα=2 κοινωσαι=2
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The ancient Greek word "κοινωνία" ≈ "community, fellowship".
The exact Greek word used here is only used in Matthew in these verses (three times) and in the corresponding verses in Mark (two verses). This word can be a play on words with the following.
"new"
"and mind"
46. Diogenes Laertius
In the work of ancient Greek philosopher Diogenes Laertius, Kratos makes a comment.
Greek: «χρείαν ἔχειν ἱματίου καινοὖ» = "they need to have new clothes" as in "garments".
Greek: «χρείαν ἔχειν ἱματίου και νοὖ» = "they need to have clothes and a brain" (play on words)
This is a play on the Greek for "new" with "and" and "brain" or "mind". Here are the ancient Greek words.
"καινός" ≈ "new" in the nominative.
"καινοῦ" ≈ "new" in the genitive.
"και" ≈ "and".
"νοῦ" ≈ "mind, brain" in the genitive.
"νοῦς" ≈ "mind, brain"in the nominative.
47. Matthew 9:17 Double meaning
Matthew 9:17 Neither do men put new wine into old bottles: else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved. [kjv]
ουδε βαλλουσιν οινον νεον εις ασκους παλαιους ει δε μηγε ρηγνυνται οι ασκοι και ο οινος εκχειται και οι ασκοι απολλυνται αλλα βαλλουσιν οινον νεον εις ασκους καινους και συντηρουνται [gnt]
«καινους» is "new" as in "bottles" "new" (no spaces in Greek)..
«και νους» is "and" "mind" as in "bottles" "and" "mind".
As translated: ... but they put new wine into new bottles and both are preserved.
Greek word order: ... but they put wine new into bottles new and both are preserved.
Play on words: ... but they put new wine into bottles and mind and both are preserved.
That is, the new " doctrine" of the " wine" (as in " drink my blood") is put into the containers (body) and the " mind" and, thus, both body and mind are preserved (resurrected). If one puts new " doctrine" of the " wine" into the old containers (body) those containers are not preserved (resurrected)
48. Matthew 15:11 Mouth as on opening
Matthew 15:11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man. [kjv]
ου το εισερχομενον εις το στομα κοινοι τον ανθρωπον αλλα το εκπορευομενον εκ του στοματος τουτο κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
… intrat in os coinquinat … procedit ex ore … coinquinat … [v]
The ancient Greek word "στόμα" ≈ "opening, mouth" and is the source of the English word " stomach" (that which contains food entering from the mouth). The English medical term "stoma" refers to an "opening".
The modern Greek word "στόμα" (STO-ma) ≈ "mouth, person".
Jesus will more fully explain this verse in verses 17-18.
In Revelation, a "two-mouthed" " sword" will come out of a "mouth".
49. A peace of the mouth of the sword
Revelation 1:16 And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword: and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength. [kjv]
και εχων εν τη δεξια χειρι αυτου αστερας επτα και εκ του στοματος αυτου ρομφαια διστομος οξεια εκπορευομενη και η οψις αυτου ως ο ηλιος φαινει εν τη δυναμει αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word "στόμα" ≈ "mouth" and could mean the " face", source of a body of water, opening in the earth, the front opening of something, etc. An interesting idiom in the Greek is that of letting the " mouth of the sword" do the talking. This might be similar to saying " let my sword do the talking".
The " sword" here is, literally, a " two" "mouth" " sword".
50. Matthew 15:11 Incoming and outgoing
Matthew 15:11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man. [kjv]
ου το εισερχομενον εις το στομα κοινοι τον ανθρωπον αλλα το εκπορευομενον εκ του στοματος τουτο κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
… intrat in os coinquinat … procedit ex ore … coinquinat … [v]
Jesus will explain the ideas of this verse in a few verses.
Incoming into the mouth: food for nourishment. Data as in an "it" or "atoms".
Outgoing of the mouth: spoken words from the heart or mind. Information as in a "bit" as in "coded information".
Humans have the ability to generate thoughts from learning (e.g., the environment, others, etc.). This includes ways to deceive others to become " great" and " oppress" others with " toils" which is the definition of the Greek word for " evil" as used by Jesus.
51. Free as in speech, not as in beer
Open Source software saying: Free as in speech, not as in beer.
Software is not " free". Even if the " bits" cost nothing, there is a cost to leaning and using and supporting the software.
Speech as in information or bits. Once created, it can, as information, be copied and/or distributed at almost no cost, if one is allowed to do so.
Beer as in atoms (which cost something). Each can of beer has a cost to create and distribute.
The idea of " it" from " bit" is from John Archibald Wheeler.
52. Matthew 15:11
KJV: Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man.
Greek: ου το εισερχομενον εις το στομα κοινοι τον ανθρωπον αλλα το εκπορευομενον εκ του στοματος τουτο κοινοι τον ανθρωπον
Latin: non quod intrat in os coinquinat hominem sed quod procedit ex ore hoc coinquinat hominem
53. Matthew 15:12 Feeling entrapped by a reasoning
Matthew 15:12 Then came his disciples, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying? [kjv]
τοτε προσελθοντες οι μαθηται λεγουσιν αυτω οιδας οτι οι φαρισαιοι ακουσαντες τον λογον εσκανδαλισθησαν [gnt]
The " disciples" " came" " saying". It is assumed they were addressing to Jesus. The TR adds the extra words for what should just be inferred.
The ancient Greek word "σκάνδαλον" ≈ "trap, snare" as in entice, tempt, etc. The KJV translates as "offended" the Greek word that means to "entrap". The Pharisees felt " entrapped" (by their own reasoning) by what Jesus had said. This may have "offended" them in the modern sense of the word but the Greek word just means "entrapped".
The ancient Greek word "λόγος" ≈ "rational explanation, reasoning" and is the source of the English word "logic" The Greek translated as "saying" is that of "reasoning". Obviously Jesus " spoke" but it is the "reasoning" that is important and that sometimes goes beyond the "saying".
54. Matthew 11:6: Idiomatic misinterpretations that offend
Matthew 11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
και μακαριος εστιν ος αν μη σκανδαλισθη εν εμοι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word "σκάνδαλον" ≈ "trap, snare" as in entice, tempt, etc. Jesus is speaking in Matthew 11:6.
The Greek word "blessed" here means "happy". The "offended" means "entrapped" as in being "tricked" or "deceived". Or is it? How could someone be "deceived" by Jesus? How could someone be " deceived" by themselves or someone else about what Jesus really means?
A simple idiom as "misinterpret" may explain this and other verses in the GNT.
55. Matthew 11:5-6 Bottom-up forward-chaining
Message of Jesus to John the Baptist (in physical prison):
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
Six noun‑verb pairs decoded |
6. |
poor=fallen, beggars |
start |
gospel=good news preached |
|
5. |
dead=asleep |
then |
raised=wake up you deadhead |
4. |
deaf=not listening |
then |
hear=listen and understand |
repent |
3. |
lepers=sinners |
then |
cleansed=be born again, cleansed in the blood |
Ask |
2. |
lame=passive |
then |
walk=active start walking in righteousness |
Seek |
1. |
blind=not seeing |
then |
sight=look up/ahead and see God & others |
Knock |
The top-down verses (in English) may be more understandable as a bottom-up progression (as events unfold in time) using the Greek meanings of the words. Approaches to change: ( stop, repent, be cleansed and walk).
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
… blessid… sclaundrid … [wy]
… happy … offended … [ty]
56. Matthew 11:5-6 Diagram
The ways that six items can be ordered is 6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 = 720 ways. Of these six items in Matthew 11:6, only two sequences fit - forward or backwards. Is this a coincidence?
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
57. Probability
The ways that six items can be ordered is 6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 = 720 ways. Of these six items in Matthew 11:6, only two sequences fit - forward or backwards. Is this a coincidence?
58. Matthew 15:12
KJV: Then came his disciples, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying?
Greek: τοτε προσελθοντες οι μαθηται αυτου ειπον λεγουσιν αυτω οιδας οτι οι φαρισαιοι ακουσαντες τον λογον εσκανδαλισθησαν
59. Matthew 15:13 Plants and roots
Matthew 15:13 But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up. [kjv]
ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν πασα φυτεια ην ουκ εφυτευσεν ο πατηρ μου ο ουρανιος εκριζωθησεται [gnt]
Every "plant" not "planted" by God will be " rooted up".
"φυτόν" ≈ "plant, tree, creature".
"φύω" ≈ "bring forth, produce, cause to grow".
These words are part of the word "neophyte" as in "newly planted" and translated by the KJV as "novice".
Two chapters earlier Jesus related the second kingdom parable of the " wheat" and the " tares" or " weeds". The " weeds" were planted by the " birds" (of the evil one) and not by God.
60. Neophyte
1 Timothy 3:6 Not a novice, lest being lifted up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil. [kjv]
μη νεοφυτον ινα μη τυφωθεις εις κριμα εμπεση του διαβολου [gnt]
A "neophyte" is someone who is new to something. Internet jargon sometimes uses the term " newbie" which is abbreviated as " newb", " noob", etc. The similar looking term (using the zero " 0" for " o") " n00b" usually means " a stupid person".
Today, the word "neophyte" often has a pejorative or negative implication.
In the Middle Ages, the Catholic church used the term "neophyte" to refer to a new convert to Christianity. This term came from Paul's letter to Timothy in the GNT.
The Greek word « νεόφυτος» literally means "newly planted".
The Latin "neophytum" ≈ "novice, newly planted".
61. Matthew 15:13 Rooted up
Matthew 15:13 But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up. [kjv]
ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν πασα φυτεια ην ουκ εφυτευσεν ο πατηρ μου ο ουρανιος εκριζωθησεται [gnt]
The ancient Greek word "ῥίζα" ≈ "root" of a plant and, later, as a math root such as the square root of two. It is related to the Latin word "radix" ≈ "root" and the English word "root" from the Old English word "wyrt" ≈ "root".
The exact Greek word used by Jesus, once in the GNT, can be a play on words with " be separated" and, as such, can be a further play on words " barley-eyed" is in the verses before the " beam" and " twig" or " mote" verses.
... shall be rooted up.
... shall be separated. (play on words )
... shall be barley-eyed. (play on words)
The idea appears to be that they will not be "rooted up" externally but will " separate" themselves from the love of Christ.
62. Strongs - rooted up
- *G1610 *4 ἐκριζόω (ek-rid-zo'-o) : from G1537 and G4492; to uproot:--pluck up by the root, root up.
- εκριζωσητε
- Matthew 13:29 ... lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them.
- εκριζωθησεται
- Matthew 15:13 ... hath not planted, shall be rooted up.
- εκριζωθητι
- Luke 17:6 ... ye might say unto this sycamine tree, Be thou plucked up by the root, and be thou planted in ...
- εκριζωθεντα
- Jude 1:12 ... without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
63. Usage - rooted up
*G1610 *4 ἐκριζόω (ek-rid-zo'-o) : from G1537 and G4492; to uproot:--pluck up by the root, root up.
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Words: εκριζωθεντα εκριζωθησεται=1 εκριζωθητι εκριζωσητε
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64. Matthew 15:13
KJV: But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up.
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν πασα φυτεια ην ουκ εφυτευσεν ο πατηρ μου ο ουρανιος εκριζωθησεται
65. Matthew 15:14 Blind leaders
Matthew 15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. [kjv]
αφετε αυτους τυφλοι εισιν οδηγοι τυφλος δε τυφλον εαν οδηγη αμφοτεροι εις βοθυνον πεσουνται [gnt]
This is an example of a reflexive relationship since the blind are leading both others who are blind and themselves who are blind.
The ancient Greek word "τυφλός" ≈ "blind, dark, unseen" and is related to the English word "deaf" and the German word "taub" ≈ "deaf".
The ancient Greek word "ὁδηγός" ≈ "guide" as in one who " shows the way" and comes from two words.
"ὁδός" ≈ "way, path" as in the last part of the English words "method" and "exodus".
"ἡγέομαι" ≈ "guide" which is the source of the English word "hegemony".
This word can be a play on words with " the but earth".
66. Matthew 15:14 Blind leaders
Matthew 15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. [kjv]
αφετε αυτους τυφλοι εισιν οδηγοι τυφλος δε τυφλον εαν οδηγη αμφοτεροι εις βοθυνον πεσουνται [gnt]
The Greek word translated " let" is the same word that is sometimes translated " forgive". The base meaning is that of " letting go". The Greek word for " both" can be a play on words with " not a plant".
Discuss: Does Jesus indicate that " leadership" or " leaders" or needed? Can one just do what Jesus wants without the rules, traditions, oaths, etc., of the religious establishment?
What did the blind say to the drapes? For all in tents, it's curtains for you! Did you see that blind joke coming?
The blind man tried to make an appointment with the optician. What was he told? He could not see the doctor. They were in quite a bind.
[coffee stains, semicolons]
67. Matthew 15:14 Both
Matthew 15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. [kjv]
αφετε αυτους τυφλοι εισιν οδηγοι τυφλος δε τυφλον εαν οδηγη αμφοτεροι εις βοθυνον πεσουνται [gnt]
The Greek word for " both" can be a play on words with " not a plant" or " both plants" (the word " plant" was used in the previous verse), or " not light", or " both terrified".
"ἀμφότερος" ≈ "both". The opposite is "οὐδέτερος" ≈ "neither, neutral".
"ἀμφι" ≈ "two ways, sides, places" and corresponds to the English prefix "ambi".
"φυτόν" ≈ "plant, tree, creature" and part of the word for "neophyte"
"φύω" ≈ "bring forth, produce, cause to grow".
"φοβερός" ≈ "fearful, terrifying"
68. Matthew 15:14 Ditch
Matthew 15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. [kjv]
αφετε αυτους τυφλοι εισιν οδηγοι τυφλος δε τυφλον εαν οδηγη αμφοτεροι εις βοθυνον πεσουνται [gnt]
The Greek word for " ditch" can be a play on words with the Greek word for " help". The " ditch", if deep enough, be taken as an " abyss".
"βόθρος" ≈ "hole in the ground, pit", specifically, containing water, used for washing clothes, planting of trees.
"βοήθεια" ≈ "aid, help".
"βοή" ≈ "shout, cry" which is onomatopoeic.
The exact Greek word used by Jesus for " fall" is used in only one other verse in Matthew.
69. Matthew 15:24-26
Matthew 15:24 But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel. [kjv]
ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν ουκ απεσταλην ει μη εις τα προβατα τα απολωλοτα οικου ισραηλ [gnt]
15:25 Then came she and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me. [kjv]
η δε ελθουσα προσεκυνει αυτω λεγουσα κυριε βοηθει μοι [gnt]
15:26 But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it to dogs. [kjv]
ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν ουκ εστιν καλον λαβειν τον αρτον των τεκνων και βαλειν τοις κυναριοις [gnt]
"βοήθεια" ≈ "aid, help".
"βοή" ≈ "shout, cry" which is onomatopoeic.
70. Matthew 15:24
KJV: But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel.
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν ουκ απεσταλην ει μη εις τα προβατα τα απολωλοτα οικου ισραηλ
71. Matthew 15:25
KJV: Then came she and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me.
Greek: η δε ελθουσα προσεκυνει αυτω λεγουσα κυριε βοηθει μοι
72. Matthew 15:26
KJV: But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it to dogs.
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν ουκ εστιν καλον λαβειν τον αρτον των τεκνων και βαλειν τοις κυναριοις
73. Both blind and ditch summary
Matthew 15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. [kjv]
αφετε αυτους τυφλοι εισιν οδηγοι τυφλος δε τυφλον εαν οδηγη αμφοτεροι εις βοθυνον πεσουνται [gnt]
The Greek word for " both" can be a play on words with " not a plant" or " both plants" (the word " plant" was used in the previous verse), or " not light", or " both terrified".
The Greek word for " ditch" can be a play on words with the Greek word for " help". The " ditch", if deep enough, be taken as an " abyss" which is a play on words with " not wool" as in " not linen".
74. Matthew 24:29 Darkness and light
Matthew 24:29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: [kjv]
ευθεως δε μετα την θλιψιν των ημερων εκεινων ο ηλιος σκοτισθησεται και η σεληνη ου δωσει το φεγγος αυτης και οι αστερες πεσουνται απο του ουρανου και αι δυναμεις των ουρανων σαλευθησονται [gnt]
This description that fits an eclipse is part of the " Olivet Discourse" in Matthew 24:1-51 and 25:1-46 (101 verses), Mark 13:1-37 and Luke 21:4-36. It is one of the larger discourses spoken by Jesus and, at the disciple's request, deals with the " End Times" or, as a play on words, " All of it".
By contrast, the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 5, 6, 7 spans 111 verses.
The exact Greek word used by Jesus for " fall" is used by him in only one other place in Matthew, the verse of the " blind leading the blind falling into a ditch"
[Abraham Lincoln]
75. Strongs - ditch
- *G999 *3 βόθυνος (both'-oo-nos) : akin to G900; a hole (in the ground); specially, a cistern:--ditch, pit.
- βοθυνον *3
- Matthew 12:11 ... it fall into a pit on the sabbath day, will he not ...
- Matthew 15:14 ... both shall fall into the ditch.
- Luke 6:39 ... both fall into the ditch?
76. Usage - ditch
*G999 *3 βόθυνος (both'-oo-nos) : akin to G900; a hole (in the ground); specially, a cistern:--ditch, pit.
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Words: βοθυνον=3
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77. Strongs - leader
- *G3595 *5 ὁδηγός (hod-ayg-os') : from G3598 and G2233; a conductor (literally or figuratively (teacher)):--guide, leader.
- οδηγοι *3
- Matthew 15:14 ... alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if ...
- Matthew 23:16 Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear ...
- Matthew 23:24 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.
- οδηγου
- Acts 1:16 ... concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus.
- οδηγον
- Romans 2:19 And art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them ...
78. Usage - leader
*G3595 *5 ὁδηγός (hod-ayg-os') : from G3598 and G2233; a conductor (literally or figuratively (teacher)):--guide, leader.
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Words: οδηγοι=3 οδηγον οδηγου
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The word used by Jesus three times in Matthew, never in a positive sense, and can be a play on words with " the but earth". The other two times, by Luke and Paul, do not fit that play on words.
Where does Jesus say you should be a "leader"? Jesus says you should " follow" " behind" him. The Greek word for " follow" is, literally, " not leading" or " not commanding".
79. Glasses to see
How can you find your glasses when you need your glasses to see where your glasses are? Unless you look in a mirror you will not see them on your forehead. This is a catch-22 situation.
Somewhat like the blind leading the blind.
King Candy (to Wreck-It-Ralph, after putting on a pair of glasses): You wouldn't hit a guy with glasses, would you?
Wreck-It-Ralph: (removes the glasses from King Candy, and hits King Candy with the glasses he was wearing.)
80. Usage - blind
*G5185 *50 τυφλός (toof-los') : from, 5187; opaque (as if smoky), i.e. (by analogy) blind (physically or mentally):--blind.
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Words: τυφλε τυφλοι=14 τυφλοις=2 τυφλον=6 τυφλος=15 τυφλου=3 τυφλους=4 τυφλω τυφλων=4
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More on the " blind men and the elephant" is part of Belief issues and reader response.
81. Astronomy
Astronomers study the stars. Thales of Miletus was a pre-Socratic philosopher who studied astronomy. A story about him was included in Aesop's Fables. Thomas Aquinas (late 1200's) writes the following.
When Thales was leaving his house to look at the stars he fell into a ditch; while he was bewailing the fact an old woman remarked to him: "You, O Thales, cannot see what is at your feet and you expect to see what is in the heavens?"
Why did the blind man fall into the well? He couldn't see that well. Water you saying. No. Well. It was dry humor as well.
Astronomy is a very difficult subject. It's over my head! Watch out. What did I see? No comet.
82. Matthew 15:14
KJV: Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.
Greek: αφετε αυτους οδηγοι εισιν τυφλοι τυφλων εισιν οδηγοι τυφλος δε τυφλον εαν οδηγη αμφοτεροι εις βοθυνον πεσουνται
Latin: sinite illos caeci sunt duces caecorum caecus autem si caeco ducatum praestet ambo in foveam cadunt
Wessex: Lateð hy. hy sinden blinde. & blindere ladtewes. Se blinde. gyf he blindne laet. hyo falleð bege on aenne pett.
Wycliffe: Suffre ye hem; thei ben blynde, and leederis of blynde men. And if a blynd man lede a blynd man, bothe fallen doun in to the diche.
Luther: Lasset sie fahren! Sie sind blind und Blindenleiter. Wenn aber ein Blinder den andern leitet, so fallen sie beide in die Grube.
Spanish: Dejadlos; son ciegos guías de ciegos; y si el ciego guiare al ciego, ambos caerán en el hoyo.
83. Matthew 15:15 Phrase the parable
Matthew 15:15 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable. [kjv]
αποκριθεις δε ο πετρος ειπεν αυτω φρασον ημιν την παραβολην [gnt]
respondens … Petrus dixit … nobis parabolam … [v]
*G5419 *2 φράζω (frad'-zo) : probably akin to G5420 through the idea of defining; to indicate (by word or act), i.e. (specially), to expound:-- declare.
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Words: φρασον=2
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This word is used only one time in the GNT. The TR adds this word in the second kingdom parable of the wheat and the tares.
"φράζω" ≈ "make known, explain, declare".
"φράσις" ≈ "manner of expression" and is the source of the English word "phrase" which comes through the Latin word "phrasis" ≈ "diction".
84. Matthew 15:15 Parable parts
Matthew 15:15 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable. [kjv]
αποκριθεις δε ο πετρος ειπεν αυτω φρασον ημιν την παραβολην [gnt]
respondens … Petrus dixit … nobis parabolam … [v]
What did Jesus say that would be considered a "parable"?
☐ What " defiles" a man is not what " goes in" (as food) but what " comes out" from the " heart" [mind] (as sayings).
☐ Every " plant" not " planted" by God will be " rooted up" [ separated].
☐ If the " blind" " lead" the " blind" both will " fall" into a " ditch" [abyss].
In general, the word "parable" and "proverb" are interchangeable. In many cases, they contain code words where nouns are substituted with other nouns to get the intended meaning.
In the explanation provided by Jesus, as recorded by Matthew, all three parts of the "parable" should be answered in some satisfactory way.
85. Strongs - explain
- *G5419 *2 φράζω (frad'-zo) : probably akin to G5420 through the idea of defining; to indicate (by word or act), i.e. (specially), to expound:-- declare.
- φρασον *2
- Matthew 13:36 ... came unto him, saying, Declare unto us the parable of the tares of the field.
- Matthew 15:15 ... Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable.
86. Matthew 15:15
KJV: Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable.
Greek: αποκριθεις δε ο πετρος ειπεν αυτω φρασον ημιν την παραβολην ταυτην
Latin: respondens autem Petrus dixit ei edissere nobis parabolam istam
87. Strongs - still
- *G188 *1 ἀκμήν (ak-mane') : accusative case of a noun ("acme") akin to ake (a point) and meaning the same; adverbially, just now, i.e. still:--yet.
- ακμην
- Matthew 15:16 ... Are ye also yet without understanding?
88. Usage - still
*G188 *1 ἀκμήν (ak-mane') : accusative case of a noun ("acme") akin to ake (a point) and meaning the same; adverbially, just now, i.e. still:--yet.
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Words: ακμην=1
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This word is used one time in the GNT.
The ancient Greek word "ἀκμή" ≈ "edge or point, peak condition" as in the first part of the word " acropolis". The last of twelve meanings in the Cambridge Greek Lexicon is that of "still" which is the meaning in the GNT.
A related word and a play on word is that of the ancient Greek word "ἀκμής" ≈ "not weary, fresh, tireless". One can see how this meaning could come from the previous word. Do you get the "point"?
When drawing triangles, there are three points to keep in mind.
89. Matthew 15:16 Stupid question
Matthew 15:16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding? [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν ακμην και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε [gnt]
… adhuc … sine intellectu … [v]
Does Jesus sound condescending what talking to Peter? Is Peter stupid? One might think so from the translations, here and in other places.
Does Jesus think that what he said should be clear. Instead of repeating what he said slower and louder, Jesus says the same thing using different words.
A common cartoon theme in Dilbert is that of the manager not being understood by employees. A typical managerial way to address the problem is to repeat what was said, only louder and more slowly. As if that is the source of the problem.
Is the KJV translation accurate?
90. Matthew 15:16 Translations
Matthew 15:16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding? [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν ακμην και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε [gnt]
… adhuc … sine intellectu … [v]
NIV (New International Version): “Are you still so dull?” Jesus asked them.
NLT (New Living Translation): “Don’t you understand yet?” Jesus asked.
Berean Literal Bible: And He said, "Are you also still without understanding?"
Good News Translation: Jesus said to them, "You are still no more intelligent than the others".
The Latin word "adhuc" ≈ "so far, thus far, still, yet".
91. Matthew 15:16
KJV: And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding?
Greek: ο δε ιησους ειπεν ακμην και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε
Latin: at ille dixit adhuc et vos sine intellectu estis
92. Strongs - understanding
- *G801 *5 ἀσύνετος (as-oon'-ay-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and G4908 συνετός; unintelligent; by implication, wicked:--foolish, without understanding.
- ασυνετοι *2
- Matthew 15:16 ... ye also yet without understanding?
- Mark 7:18 ... Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not ...
- ασυνετος
- Romans 1:21 ... imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
- ασυνετους
- Romans 1:31 Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:
- ασυνετω
- Romans 10:19 ... them that are no people, and by a foolish nation I will anger you.
- *G4908 *4 συνετός (soon-et'-os) : from G4920; mentally put (or putting) together, i.e. sagacious:--prudent. Compare G5429.
- συνετων *3
- Matthew 11:25 ... from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes.
- Luke 10:21 ... from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them ...
- 1 Corinthians 1:19 ... and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent.
- συνετω
- Acts 13:7 ... the deputy of the country, Sergius Paulus, a prudent man; who called for ...
93. Usage - understanding
*G801 *5 ἀσύνετος (as-oon'-ay-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and G4908 συνετός; unintelligent; by implication, wicked:--foolish, without understanding.
*G4908 *4 συνετός (soon-et'-os) : from G4920; mentally put (or putting) together, i.e. sagacious:--prudent. Compare G5429.
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Words: ασυνετοι=2 ασυνετος ασυνετους ασυνετω συνετω συνετων=3
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The prefix alpha or " α" negates what follows.
The Greek word translated as "without understanding" can be a play on words with, literally, " not" and " together" and " mind". A modern term from psychology would be "group think" where a group may get out of touch with reality and make strange decisions and take strange actions, etc.
94. Groupthink decisions
In a group that thinks in a similar manner, one must be careful about voicing an opinion that is contrary to the group opinion.
Voicing an opinion that is not the group opinion risks suffering the anger of the group.
Walter Lippman: When all think alike, then no one is thinking.
95. The emperor's new cloths
Matthew 11:25 At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. [kjv]
εν εκεινω τω καιρω αποκριθεις ο ιησους ειπεν εξομολογουμαι σοι πατερ κυριε του ουρανου και της γης οτι εκρυψας ταυτα απο σοφων και συνετων και απεκαλυψας αυτα νηπιοις [gnt]
… sapientibus … prudentibus … revelasti … parvulis [v]
The Greek for " wise" is that of " knowing a lot of facts". The Greek translated as "prudent" is more like "clever" as in "understanding rules".
A deceptive " oath" posing as a " creed" brings to mind the story of " The emperor's new clothes" whereby the emperor is convinced of invisible clothes. A young child knew better and said so directly.
The story is from 1837 by Danish author Hans Christian Anderson (Ugly Duckling, etc.).
96. Elite snobbery in Matthew
Matthew 11:25 At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. [kjv]
εν εκεινω τω καιρω αποκριθεις ο ιησους ειπεν εξομολογουμαι σοι πατερ κυριε του ουρανου και της γης οτι εκρυψας ταυτα απο σοφων και συνετων και απεκαλυψας αυτα νηπιοις [gnt]
… sapientibus … prudentibus … revelasti … parvulis [v]
15:16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding? [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν ακμην και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε [gnt]
… adhuc … sine intellectu … [v]
Jesus uses the Greek word twice in Matthew. It is often translated as "understanding" or, sometimes (inaccurately) as "prudent", to mean that of "elitism" or "snobbery" as in those of the religious elite (e.g., " birds", " pigs", etc.) who desire to be " greater" than the common person.
Since having an "elite" or "snobbish" "understanding" is not good, it is good for Peter to be without an "elite" or "snobbish" "understanding".
97. Matthew 15:16 Statements and questions
Matthew 15:16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding? [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν ακμην και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε [gnt]
… adhuc … sine intellectu … [v]
English has ways to unambiguously express a question. In many languages, including Greek, a statement and a question are written in exactly the same way. To make a statement a question, one raises the voice at the end of the statement. These non-written hints are not in the Greek text.
Question: Are you yet without understanding? This is condescending as if Peter asked a stupid question.
Statement: You are sharp and fresh and without an elite snobbish understanding. It is good to not have this kind of understanding. Then, like the "babes" from Matthew 11:25, Jesus will "reveal" the "parable" to the "babes". This explains the part of those "planted" by God.
Jesus does not use the Greek word for "understanding" in a good sense. Thus, what Jesus says appears to be in a good sense. The only place Jesus uses this word in a somewhat good sense is in the first kingdom parable in Matthew 13 about the sewer and seed. In that case, Jesus is using joke-license to make a play on words.
This first statement of Jesus may seem out of place, but provides the first half of the explanation of the "plant" "planted" by God. The second half is from the list of sins in later verses. Jesus would normally use the Greek word " again" to indicate that he was summarizing and extended discourse of many verses. Here, that would not fit very well and it is clear he is " phrasing" out the parable.
98. Together understanding as an elite snob
Matthew 11:25 At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. [kjv]
The "wise" are the "clever" or "cunning" (in their own eyes). The "prudent" are, literally, "together understanding" as in "group think". Jesus appears to use this word to refer to "elite snobs" as in those who want to be " great" by " oppressing" others.
15:10 And he called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear, and understand: [kjv]
15:13 But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up. [kjv]
15:15 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable. [kjv]
15:16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding? [kjv]
Question: Are you yet without understanding? This is condescending as if Peter asked a stupid question.
Statement: You are sharp and fresh and without an elite snobbish understanding. It is good to not have this kind of understanding. Then, like the "babes" from Matthew 11:25, Jesus will "reveal" the "parable" to the "babes". This explains the part of those "planted" by God.
99. Matthew 15:17 Give way to more food
Jesus makes a distinction between the " belly" and the " heart" using the Greek word for "understand" that does not have a negative connotation.
Matthew 15:17 Do not ye yet understand, that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into the belly, and is cast out into the draught? [kjv]
ου νοειτε οτι παν το εισπορευομενον εις το στομα εις την κοιλιαν χωρει και εις αφεδρωνα εκβαλλεται [gnt]
The ancient Greek word "ἀφεδρών" ≈ "toilet" and comes from "ἕδρα" ≈ "seat", as in " cathedral", " polyhedron", etc.
The prefix "ἀπο" ≈ "away from" which has an idea of a " separating distance".
The English word "draught" is an older and obsolete word for "outhouse" as a "toilet".
The ancient Greek word "χωρέω" ≈ "give way, make way". That is, what goes in pushes out what is there such that what is in "gives way" or "makes way" to what is coming in.
100. Matthew 15:17
KJV: Do not ye yet understand, that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into the belly, and is cast out into the draught?
Greek: ουπω ου νοειτε οτι παν το εισπορευομενον εις το στομα εις την κοιλιαν χωρει και εις αφεδρωνα εκβαλλεται
Latin: non intellegitis quia omne quod in os intrat in ventrem vadit et in secessum emittitur
Wessex: Ne on-gyte ge. þaet all þaet on þanne muð gaeð. gaeð on þa wambe. & byð on forðgan asended.
Wycliffe: Vndurstonden ye not, that al thing that entrith in to the mouth, goith in to the wombe, and is sent out in to the goyng awei?
Luther: Merket ihr noch nicht, daß alles, was zum Munde eingehet, das gehet in den Bauch und wird durch den natürlichen Gang ausgeworfen?
101. Strongs - without understanding
- *G453 *6 ἀνόητος (an-o'-ay-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and a derivative of G3539; unintelligent; by implication, sensual:--fool(-ish), unwise.
- ανοητοι *4
- Luke 24:25 ... unto them, O fools, and slow of heart ...
- Galatians 3:1 O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, ...
- Galatians 3:3 Are ye so foolish? having begun in the Spirit, are ye ...
- Titus 3:3 ... also were sometimes foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving ...
- ανοητοις
- Romans 1:14 ... both to the wise, and to the unwise.
- ανοητους
- 1 Timothy 6:9 ... a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, ...
- *G801 *5 ἀσύνετος (as-oon'-ay-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and G4908; unintelligent; by implication, wicked:--foolish, without understanding.
- ασυνετοι *2
- Matthew 15:16 ... ye also yet without understanding?
- Mark 7:18 ... Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not ...
- ασυνετος
- Romans 1:21 ... imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
- ασυνετους
- Romans 1:31 Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:
- ασυνετω
- Romans 10:19 ... them that are no people, and by a foolish nation I will anger you.
102. Usage - without understanding
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Words: ανοητοι=4 ανοητοις ανοητους ασυνετοι=2 ασυνετος ασυνετους ασυνετω
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103. Mark 7:18-19
The verses in Mark (from Peter's memory) essentially mirror what is in Matthew but with changes that break the model as presented by Jesus and recorded by Matthew.
Mark 7:18 And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the man, it can not defile him; [kjv]
και λεγει αυτοις ουτως και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε ου νοειτε οτι παν το εξωθεν εισπορευομενον εις τον ανθρωπον ου δυναται αυτον κοινωσαι [gnt]
The words translated as "understanding" and " perceive" are the same word in Greek (the first one negated within the word).
The first "understanding" is not in a good sense.
The second "perceive" is used by Jesus in a good sense.
7:19 Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats? [kjv]
οτι ουκ εισπορευεται αυτου εις την καρδιαν αλλ εις την κοιλιαν και εις τον αφεδρωνα εκπορευεται καθαριζων παντα τα βρωματα [gnt]
104. Mark 7:18
KJV: And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the man, it can not defile him;
Greek: και λεγει αυτοις ουτως και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε ου νοειτε οτι παν το εξωθεν εισπορευομενον εις τον ανθρωπον ου δυναται αυτον κοινωσαι
Latin: et ait illis sic et vos inprudentes estis non intellegitis quia omne extrinsecus introiens in hominem non potest eum communicare
Wessex: Ða cwaeð he. & sende ge swa ungleawe ne on-geate ge. þt eall þt utan cymð on þane mann gangende. ne maig hine be-smiten.
Wycliffe: And he seide to hem, Ye ben vnwise also. Vndurstonde ye not, that al thing without forth that entreth in to a man, may not defoule hym?
Luther: Und er sprach zu ihnen: Seid ihr denn auch so unverständig? Vernehmet ihr noch nicht, daß alles, was außen ist und in den Menschen gehet, das kann ihn nicht gemein machen?
105. Mark 7:19
KJV: Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats?
Greek: οτι ουκ εισπορευεται αυτου εις την καρδιαν αλλ εις την κοιλιαν και εις τον αφεδρωνα εκπορευεται καθαριζον καθαριζων παντα τα βρωματα
106. Mark 7:20-23
Mark 7:20 And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man. [kjv]
ελεγεν δε οτι το εκ του ανθρωπου εκπορευομενον εκεινο κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
7:21 For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, [kjv]
εσωθεν γαρ εκ της καρδιας των ανθρωπων οι διαλογισμοι οι κακοι εκπορευονται πορνειαι κλοπαι φονοι [gnt]
7:22 Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness: [kjv]
μοιχειαι πλεονεξιαι πονηριαι δολος ασελγεια οφθαλμος πονηρος βλασφημια υπερηφανια αφροσυνη [gnt]
7:23 All these evil things come from within, and defile the man. [kjv]
παντα ταυτα τα πονηρα εσωθεν εκπορευεται και κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
In Mark, Peter's Gospel, the words " evil" and " thoughts" are combined. The translates of the KJV then appear to have combined them in Matthew. There are twelve sins listed. This appears to break a model that fits the eight sins listed. (see below)
107. Mark 7:20
KJV: And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man.
Greek: ελεγεν δε οτι το εκ του ανθρωπου εκπορευομενον εκεινο κοινοι τον ανθρωπον
108. Mark 7:21
KJV: For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,
Greek: εσωθεν γαρ εκ της καρδιας των ανθρωπων οι διαλογισμοι οι κακοι εκπορευονται μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι φονοι
109. Mark 7:22
KJV: Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:
Greek: κλοπαι μοιχειαι πλεονεξιαι πονηριαι δολος ασελγεια οφθαλμος πονηρος βλασφημια υπερηφανια αφροσυνη
110. Mark 7:23
KJV: All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.
Greek: παντα ταυτα τα πονηρα εσωθεν εκπορευεται και κοινοι τον ανθρωπον
111. Strongs - and these
- *G2548 *24 κἀκεῖνος (kak-i'-nos) : from G2532 and G1565; likewise that (or those):--and him (other, them), even he, him also, them (also), (and) they.
- κακεινος *8
- Luke 11:7 And he from within shall answer and say, Trouble me ...
- Luke 22:12 And he shall shew you a large upper room furnished: ...
- John 6:57 ... so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me.
- John 7:29 ... I am from him, and he hath sent me.
- John 14:12 ... I do shall he do also; and greater works than these ...
- John 19:35 ... record is true: and he knoweth that he saith ...
- Acts 5:37 ... people after him: he also perished; and all, ...
- 2 Timothy 2:12 ... reign with him: if we deny him, he also will deny us:
- κακεινοι *7
- Mark 16:11 And they, when they had heard that he was alive, and had been seen ...
- Mark 16:13 And they went and told it unto the residue: neither believed they them.
- John 17:24 Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, ...
- Acts 15:11 ... we shall be saved, even as they.
- Romans 11:23 And they also, if they abide not ...
- 1 Corinthians 10:6 ... lust after evil things, as they also lusted.
- Hebrews 4:2 ... us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached ...
- κακεινα *4
- Matthew 15:18 ... come forth from the heart; and they defile the man.
- Matthew 23:23 ... ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
- Luke 11:42 ... ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
- John 10:16 ... of this fold: them also I must bring, ...
- κακεινον *3
- Mark 12:4 ... them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, ...
- Mark 12:5 And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many ...
- Luke 20:11 ... servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, ...
- κακεινη
- John 8:11 She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus ...
- κακεινους
- Acts 18:19 And he came to Ephesus, and left them there: but ...
112. Usage - and these
*G2548 *24 κἀκεῖνος (kak-i'-nos) : from G2532 and G1565; likewise that (or those):--and him (other, them), even he, him also, them (also), (and) they.
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Words: κακεινα=4 κακεινη κακεινοι=7 κακεινον=3 κακεινος=8 κακεινους
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113. Matthew 15:18
Matthew 15:18 But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and they defile the man. [kjv]
τα δε εκπορευομενα εκ του στοματος εκ της καρδιας εξερχεται κακεινα κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
The Greek translated as "and they" is that of "and these". The Greek word can be a play on words with "bad-is". As with many play on words, carry the two thoughts together.
"κἀκεῖνος" ≈ "and you, and him".
"κακός" ≈ "bad, worthless, low born" (play on words).
"κοινοί" ≈ "common" (next word)
English: ... and these defile the man.
English: ... bad-you make common the man.
The two Greek words for "and these" and "make common" both start with " κ" (kappa) and sound somewhat similar.
Jesus will now provide a more detailed explanation in the form of a list that has an interesting pattern.
114. Matthew 15:18
KJV: But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and they defile the man.
Greek: τα δε εκπορευομενα εκ του στοματος εκ της καρδιας εξερχεται κακεινα κοινοι τον ανθρωπον
115. Matthew 15:19 Heart
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
Since Jesus only explained the first part, this part should answer the following.
☐ Every "plant" not "planted" by God will be " rooted up".
☐ If the "blind" "lead" the "blind" both will " fall" into a " ditch".
The ancient Greek word "καρδία" ≈ "heart" as a source of emotion, but could mean "mind", "stomach", "inner part". It is related to the Latin word "cor" ≈ "heart".
116. Chiasmus patterns
Example start pattern:
... 1 ...  2 ...  3 ...  4 ...
Then ending pattern:
...  4 ...  3 ...  2 ...  1 ...
The English word "chiasmus" is from the Latin word "chiasmus" ≈ "chiasmus" and is from the ancient Greek word "χιασμός" ≈ "crossing" which is from "χιάζω" ≈ "mark with a chi, shape like a chi".
In general, a " chiasm" consists of an intersection or crossing of two series that can be interpreted as the form of the letter " X". By contrast, a " chiasmus" is a literary device whereby there is an inversion of the elements of phrases that do not use the same words. A " antimetabole" is similar but may repeat the same word or words.
There is a deceptive relationship between a chiasmus and the following.
Converse error whereby "if A then B" is not the same as "if B then A". If the conditional goes both ways, then it is an "if and only if" logic statement. The repetition would appear as a "chiasm".
Top-down backward-chaining logic and bottom-up forward-chaining logic. One after the other would appear as a "chiasm".
117. Matthew 15:19 Chiasm
1. "through reasoning" or "balancing of accounts"
2. "evil" as "oppression by toils"
3. "murders"
4. "adulteries"
4. "fornications"
3. "(deceptive) thefts"
2. "(deceptive) false witness"
1. "(deceptive) blasphemies"
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
Here as a chiasm using (related) meaning rather than words. With an even number of meanings, there is no middle meaning. Let us look at each pair working from pairs 1 to 4.
118. Strongs - blasphemy
- *G988 *18 βλασφημία (blas-fay-me'-ah) : from G989; vilification (especially against God):--blasphemy, evil speaking, railing.
- βλασφημιας *8
- Mark 14:64 Ye have heard the blasphemy: what think ye? And ...
- Luke 5:21 ... this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive ...
- John 10:33 ... not; but for blasphemy; and because that thou, ...
- Jude 1:9 ... not bring against him a railing accusation, but said, ...
- Revelation 13:1 ... his heads the name of blasphemy.
- Revelation 13:5 ... speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given ...
- Revelation 13:6 ... his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme ...
- Revelation 17:3 ... beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads ...
- βλασφημια *4
- Matthew 12:31 ... sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost ...
- Mark 7:22 ... an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:
- Ephesians 4:31 ... and clamour, and evil speaking, be put away from you, ...
- βλασφημιαι *3
- Matthew 15:19 ... fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies:
- Mark 3:28 ... unto the sons of men, and blasphemies wherewith soever they shall blaspheme:
- 1 Timothy 6:4 ... cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings,
- βλασφημιαν *3
- Matthew 26:65 ... now ye have heard his blasphemy.
- Colossians 3:8 ... anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication out of your mouth.
- Revelation 2:9 ... thou art rich) and I know the blasphemy of them which say they are ...
119. Usage - blasphemy
*G988 *18 βλασφημία (blas-fay-me'-ah) : from G989; vilification (especially against God):--blasphemy, evil speaking, railing.
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Words: βλασφημια=4 βλασφημιαι=3 βλασφημιαν=3 βλασφημιας=8
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The Greek word "blasphemy" means, literally, to "speak evil" or "speak bad".
The ancient Greek word "βλασφημία" ≈ "word of evil omen, defamation, speech against God" and comes from the words for " bad" or " harmful" and " speak" or " fame" (as in traveling news).
This word for "blasphemy" can be a play on words with "plant" or "vegetation". The " weeds" or " tares" are " planted" by the " evil one" or, from the previous parable, the "birds".
120. Matthew 13:26 Planted
Here is a verse from the second kingdom parable of the wheat and the weeds or tares.
Matthew 13:26 But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. [kjv]
οτε δε εβλαστησεν ο χορτος και καρπον εποιησεν τοτε εφανη και τα ζιζανια [gnt]
"βλαστός" ≈ "sprout, shoot, bud, offspring".
"βλασφημία" ≈ "word of evil omen, defamation, speech against God"
This word for "blasphemy" can be a play on words with "plant" or "vegetation". The " weeds" or " tares" are " planted" by the " evil one" or, from the previous parable, the "birds".
121. Matthew 13:26
KJV: But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also.
Greek: οτε δε εβλαστησεν ο χορτος και καρπον εποιησεν τοτε εφανη και τα ζιζανια
122. Matthew 15:19 Blasphemy
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
A false teacher can speak "blasphemies" in a very eloquent, convincing and deceptive way. Think of Satan with Eve, the examination of Jesus by the devil, etc.
Jesus uses the " birds" as a model of false leaders. They may speak "blasphemies" but the look so pretty and sound so nice, and so on. This is one way to take the Lord's name in " vain".
Discuss: How do you detect when someone is speaking "blasphemy" against Jesus? The only people who get upset when hearing "blasphemy" are those who understand what is being said.
123. Exodus 20:7 Do not take God's name in vain
Exodus 20:7 Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. [kjv]
ου λημψη το ονομα κυριου του θεου σου επι ματαιω ου γαρ μη καθαριση κυριος τον λαμβανοντα το ονομα αυτου επι ματαιω [lxx]
The Greek for " vain" is that of " making of no effect". Which of the following is worse?
Using "swear" words directed towards God.
Using "deception" in the name of God to deceive others about God.
The ancient Greek word "μάταιος" ≈ "vain, futile, empty, worthless".
124. Strongs - thoughts
- *G1261 *14 διαλογισμός (dee-al-og-is-mos') : from G1260; discussion, i.e. (internal) consideration (by implication, purpose), or (external) debate:--dispute, doubtful(-ing), imagination, reasoning, thought.
- διαλογισμοι *4
- Matthew 15:19 ... of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, ...
- Mark 7:21 ... of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,
- Luke 2:35 ... soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.
- Luke 24:38 ... ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts?
- διαλογισμους *3
- Luke 5:22 But when Jesus perceived their thoughts, he answering said unto ...
- Luke 6:8 But he knew their thoughts, and said to the man ...
- 1 Corinthians 3:20 And again, The Lord knoweth the thoughts of the wise, that they are vain.
- διαλογισμων *3
- Romans 14:1 ... receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations.
- Philippians 2:14 ... without murmurings and disputings:
- James 2:4 ... are become judges of evil thoughts?
- διαλογισμος
- Luke 9:46 Then there arose a reasoning among them, which ...
- διαλογισμον
- Luke 9:47 And Jesus, perceiving the thought of their heart, ...
- διαλογισμοις
- Romans 1:21 ... became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish ...
- διαλογισμου
- 1 Timothy 2:8 ... without wrath and doubting.
125. Usage - thoughts
*G1261 *14 διαλογισμός (dee-al-og-is-mos') : from G1260; discussion, i.e. (internal) consideration (by implication, purpose), or (external) debate:--dispute, doubtful(-ing), imagination, reasoning, thought.
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Words: διαλογισμοι=4 διαλογισμοις διαλογισμον διαλογισμος διαλογισμου διαλογισμους=3 διαλογισμων=3
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The ancient Greek word "διαλογισμός" ≈ "balancing of accounts" and means, literally, "through reasoning". This is more than just random "thoughts". This is a "logical reasoning of thoughts", and perhaps not in a good sense. The modern Greek word "διαλογισμός" (thee-a-lo-y-SMOS) ≈ "meditation, rumination".
Interestingly, this word comes from "διαλογή" ≈ "sorting out" as in " votes" or " emotional state".
126. Psalms 104:34-35
Psalms 104:34 My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the LORD. [kjv]
ηδυνθειη αυτω η διαλογη μου εγω δε ευφρανθησομαι επι τω κυριω [lxx]
104:35 Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless thou the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD. [kjv]
εκλιποισαν αμαρτωλοι απο της γης και ανομοι ωστε μη υπαρχειν αυτους ευλογει η ψυχη μου τον κυριον [lxx]
Interestingly, this word comes from "διαλογή" ≈ "sorting out" as in " votes" or " emotional state".
Do we get to "vote" on which parts of the Bible we will accept?
Do we get to "vote" on which parts of what Jesus says we will accept?
Do we all need to be in the same " boat"? Do we all need to be in the same " vote"?
127. Belief
If you believe what you like in the gospels, and reject what you don't like, it is not the gospel you believe, but yourself. Saint Augustine (Early Christian father)
Do people today pick and choose which parts of the Bible they will believe?
Do pastors today pick and choose which parts of the Bible they will believe? Do they then pass on those parts to their flock and not tell them about other parts?
Note that you can ignore parts of the Gospel that you do not know about or do not understand (ignorance of the law) or you can ignore parts of the Gospel in order to deceive others (and yourself).
128. Psalms 104:34
KJV: My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the LORD.
Hebrew: יערב עליו שיחי אנכי אשמח ביהוה׃
Greek: ηδυνθειη αυτω η διαλογη μου εγω δε ευφρανθησομαι επι τω κυριω
129. Psalms 104:35
KJV: Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless thou the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD.
Hebrew: יתמו חטאים מן הארץ ורשעים עוד אינם ברכי נפשי את יהוה הללו יה׃
Greek: εκλιποισαν αμαρτωλοι απο της γης και ανομοι ωστε μη υπαρχειν αυτους ευλογει η ψυχη μου τον κυριον
130. Matthew 15:19 Thoughts
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
The KJV combines "thoughts" or "dialog" as "through reasoning" and "evil" or "oppression" into one phrase which breaks the pattern to be covered. Was this done to obtain seven (7) sins?
The pattern, using the meaning of the Greek words, appears to create what is called a chiasm, usually of words, but here of (related) meaning.
This idea is part of a deception called a " false dilemma" whereby one creates two artificial choices to make someone thing that one must choose between the two choices provided. Creating " idols" is one way to create additional choices.
Jesus is careful to conceal or hide the actual meaning as the religious establishment, now and since then, would not be happy if they knew that what he said here applies to them.
131. Exodus 20:4 Do not make (and serve) idols
Exodus 20:4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: [kjv]
ου ποιησεις σεαυτω ειδωλον ουδε παντος ομοιωμα οσα εν τω ουρανω ανω και οσα εν τη γη κατω και οσα εν τοις υδασιν υποκατω της γης [lxx]
The Greek for "graven image" is that of "idol". An "image" can be " graven" as in " inscribed" or " written" without it being an "idol". What are each of the following?
The KJV translates (from the Hebrew) as " likeness" the Greek word in the LXX (Septuagint) that is " similar".
The KJV translates (from the Hebrew) as " that is in" the Greek word in the LXX that is " such as". There are three examples provided: " heaven above", " earth beneath" and " water under the earth". The " ocean" is " water" but it is not " under" the " earth".
132. First part: Did God really say?
The first part of the process is that of deception. This is typically done by the " birds". That is, the " leader" or " eye".
1. "through reasoning" or "balancing of accounts" (from desire, plan or measure the attack)
1. "blasphemies" (deceptive talk) "Did God really say ... ?"
The process starts with a "balancing of account" or "through reasoning" of what God wants and what man's tradition wants to use to side-step God's desires.
The idea of " mammon" is that, not of money, but of one's confidence in one's own abilities to do things (independent of God). That is a central idea of humanism.
133. Matthew 15:19 False witness
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
A " false witness" need not be that of testifying against someone, such as a neighbor. The " false witness" can be that of a " bird" " entrapping" someone in a deceptive " oath". This has the effect of " having dominion over" or " oppressing" that person.
Part of that deceptive " oath" gets buy-in to do " traditions" of the " birds" to have " dominion over" or " oppress by toils" or do " evil" to the other believers.
The " traditions" or " oaths" can be deceptive to the point that the believers actually believe they are doing what they are supposed to be doing. In that sense, both the " blind" and the " blind" " leaders" will " fall" into a " ditch" or " abyss".
134. Exodus 20:16 Do not lie (against neighbor)
Exodus 20:16 Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. [kjv]
ου ψευδομαρτυρησεις κατα του πλησιον σου μαρτυριαν ψευδη [lxx]
This commandment does not say " do not lie". Discuss: How can you "lie" and yet not bear "false witness" against one's " neighbor"?
The ancient Greek word "ψευδής" ≈ "lying, false, untrue" and is the source of the English word (and prefix) "pseudo". An interesting " paradox" is the " liar paradox".or " Russell Paradox".
The ancient Greek word "μάρτυς" ≈ "witness" and is the source of the English word "martyr". After the time of Jesus, so many " witnesses" for Christ were killed for their witness that the word meaning narrowed to a witness who is killed for their witness.
Jesus uses the word " neighbor" to refer to all human beings where " believers" are a subset of " neighbors".
135. Matthew 15:19 Evil oppression
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
One Greek word for "evil" in the GNT is the ancient Greek word "πονηρός" ≈ "oppressed by toils" and comes from the ancient Greek word "πονέω" ≈ "to toil, labor".
136. Exodus 20:17 Coveting
Exodus 20:17 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. [kjv]
ουκ επιθυμησεις την γυναικα του πλησιον σου ουκ επιθυμησεις την οικιαν του πλησιον σου ουτε τον αγρον αυτου ουτε τον παιδα αυτου ουτε την παιδισκην αυτου ουτε του βοος αυτου ουτε του υποζυγιου αυτου ουτε παντος κτηνους αυτου ουτε οσα τω πλησιον σου εστιν [lxx]
… concupisces … desiderabis … [v]
The ancient Greek word "επιθυμία" ≈ "desire, wish". The idea of "coveting" is that of wanting or desiring something that someone else has. This word comes from two Greek words.
To know that someone has something one wants, one needs some way to " measure" what is "coveted" and then want it in order to be " great" in some sense.
137. Hebrew covet
*H2530 חָמַד (khaw-mad') : a primitive root; to delight in:--beauty, greatly beloved, covet, delectable thing, (X great) delight, desire, goodly, lust, (be) pleasant (thing), precious (thing).
The ancient Greek word "επιθυμία" ≈ "desire, wish".
The ancient Greek prefix "επι" ≈ "on".
The ancient Greek word "θυμός" ≈ "passion".
Note that the Hebrew word in the OT (Old Testament) and the Greek word in the LXX are the same but many other translations use two different words.
138. Taken to extremes
A " desire" for an " object" or " goal" is not in itself bad.
However, things may go wrong.
If "Person 1" and "Person 2" have an eager rivalry for the same "Goal", then "zeal", as in the Greek, is used and is related to the Greek for "seek" and "damage".
If "Person 2" wants the "Object" that "Person 3" has, then "Person 2" does "covet" that "Object".
If "Person 2" does not like that "Person 3" has an "Object", then "Person 2" has "envy" of "Person 3", same in English and Greek. This is similar to the English "jealousy" which, in English, but not Greek, is related to "zealous".
139. Oppression summary
1 You and others
2 Do you oppress others?
3 Do others oppress you?
4 Do others oppress others?
5 Do you oppress you?
The Greek translated as "evil" is that of "toil" as in "oppression" (word slide through Latin). The same diagram for "oppression" works for " deception".
☐ Do you " deceive" others?
☐ Do others " deceive" you?
☐ Do others " deceive" others? Does it bother you?
☐ Do you " deceive" you? (reflexively)
140. Thoughts during prayer
Lord's Prayer, where the Greek for "evil" has the idea of "oppression".
... flow us away from evil ...
... flow us away from oppression ...
How many of the following prayer segments do you think about when you pray the Lord's Prayer?
☐ 1. ... flow me away from me oppressing others ...
☐ 2. ... flow me away from others oppressing me ...
☐ 3. ... flow me away from others oppressing others ...
☐ 4. ... flow me away from me oppressing me ...
Is there one of these which is, by far, the one thought about the most during the Lord's Prayer?
141. Oppression build
1 Oppression 1
2 Oppression 2
3 Oppression 3
4 Oppression 4
Discuss: Why does the world " hate" Christians?
Provide examples of "evil" that do not involve "oppression".
Provide examples of "good" that do involve "oppression".
Can you justify using "oppression" to remove/fight "oppression"? How about from the Bible?
Can you justify "self-defense" to defend against "oppression"? How about from the Bible?
Your body has built-in mechanisms to fight infection, etc. Is this "good" or "bad"?
142. Second part: You can be as a god.
The second part of the process is that of getting buy-in from the followers who become " pigs" for the " birds".
2. "false witness" " You can be as a god ..." (take the " oath").
2. "evil" as "(self) oppression by toils"
143. Matthew 15:19 Thefts
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
The Greek word for "thefts" is associated with trickery and deception. The Greek word for " robber", on the other hand, is that of " theft" by force. The GNT sometimes mixes these words.
Example: Thieves break in to "steal" by taking something or putting something in such as ideas.
Example: The Trojan Horse. Who would give bad gifts (houses) to their children?
The Trojan horse was another " gift" that is the source of the saying " Beware of Greeks bearing gifts". The modern Greek word "Δούρειος ίππος" (THU-ree-os EEP-pos) ≈ "Trojan horse" and is in Greek, literally, " gift horse" with no mention of " Trojan".
144. Exodus 20:15 Do not steal
Exodus 20:15 Thou shalt not steal. [kjv]
ου κλεψεις [lxx]
The ancient Greek word "κλέπητς" ≈ "thief, deceitful person" who uses trickery and deception and stealth to steal. The root is "κλέπτω" ≈ "steal". These words are the source of the English word "kleptomania".
Discuss:
What non-physical things can be "stolen"?
How can (deceptive) ideas planted in the mind (heart) deceive someone into handing over treasure? An English word for this at to "con" someone as in gaining their "confidence".
145. Matthew 15:19 Murders
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word "φονεύω" ≈ "murder, kill, slay". The modern Greek word "φονεύω" (fo-NEV-o) ≈ "murder, kill". Can someone "kill" by " deception"?
The ancient Greek word "φωνή" ≈ "voice, sound" comes from the ancient Greek word "φως" ≈ "light" and the ancient Greek word "νους" ≈ "mind". That is, a "sound" or "voice" is "light" into the "mind".
The Greek word for "murders", as used by Jesus, can be a play on words on the Greek word for "voice" as in, literally, "light into the mind". In this case, the "murders" can be from false "light into the mind".
In modern Greek, both words sound the same. At that time, there would have been a slight difference in the vowels but the play on words would have been apparent.
146. Exodus 20:13 Do not kill
147. Killing and murdering
Matthew 5:21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: [kjv]
ηκουσατε οτι ερρεθη τοις αρχαιοις ου φονευσεις ος δ αν φονευση ενοχος εσται τη κρισει [gnt]
The ancient Greek word "φονεύω" ≈ "murder, kill, slay". The modern Greek word "φονεύω" (fo-NEV-o) ≈ "murder, kill". Can someone "kill" by " deception"?
Pastors who deceive by misrepresenting what the Bible says, either explicitly (by what they say) or implicitly (by what they do not say) appear to be engaging in " idle words" (words that do not work for Christ) and, if not satisfactorily accounted for later, appear to represent what is called the " unpardonable sin".
148. Matthew 10:28 Soul and body
Matthew 10:28 And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. [kjv]
και μη φοβεισθε απο των αποκτεινοντων το σωμα την δε ψυχην μη δυναμενων αποκτειναι φοβεισθε δε μαλλον τον δυναμενον και ψυχην και σωμα απολεσαι εν γεεννη [gnt]
Jesus tells us who we should "fear" and it is not "fear" about the cares and concerns of this world. The most dangerous attacks are not from the outside but from the inside and involve deception.
One cannot " destroy the soul" by " killing" the body is in persecution (e.g., by the Roman administrations). The primary way to " destroy the soul" is through deception so that you " sell yourself out" or are " sold out".
Jesus provides an example in the next verse.
149. Matthew 10:29-31 Soul and body
150. Third part: Be a leader and influence people
The third part of the process is that of the " pigs" performing or doing the deception. That is, the " muscle" or " hands".
3. "(deceptive) thefts" (treasure out, false ideas in, etc.)
3. "murders" (body and soul)
This doing (e.g., Crusades, inquisitions, etc.) will often involve "murders" and "thefts", in the name of God using man's " traditions" and the deceptive " oaths" used to " oppress" or " have dominion" over other " believers".
The "thefts" can be that of a " tunnel" into the " mind" or " heart" in order to put in false and deceptive reasoning in others to get them to be part of the process.
151. Matthew 15:19 Fornication
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
"Fornication" can be literal or figurative as in worshiping other Gods.
The idea of "fornication" is more general than "adultery". The idea of "fornication" does not require one to be " married".
In the Sermon on the Mount, it is the "reasoning" of "fornication" that is more general than just "fornication".
152. Exodus 20:3 Do not have any other gods
Exodus 20:3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me. [kjv]
ουκ εσονται σοι θεοι ετεροι πλην εμου [lxx]
The Greek word in the LXX for "before" is "πλήν" ≈ "with the exception of, except for".
The Greek for "other" is that of a "different other" rather than a "similar other".
This first commandment provides a working definition of "fornication" - serving other Gods.
"ἕτερος" ≈ "other - different" and is related to the English word "asunder" as in "one or the other of two" and is the prefix of English words such as "heterosexual".
"ἄλλος" ≈ "other - similar" and is related to the English word "else".
153. Matthew 15:19 Adultery
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
"Adultery" can be literal or figurative as in worshiping other Gods.
The idea of "adultery" is more specific than "fornication". The idea of "adultery" assumes one is already " married".
154. Exodus 20:14 Do not commit adultery
155. Fourth part: Adultery and fornication
The fourth part of the process is that of actual adultery and fornication.
4. "fornications"
4. "adulteries"
The "adultery" and "fornication" is not in the literal sense, but in the sense of going against God and God's rules and the commandment to love neighbor as oneself.
In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus uses the phrase "reasoning" of "fornication" rather than "fornication" and this appears to refer, for example, to Balaam.
156. Matthew 15:19,14 Chiasmus build
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι [gnt]
The verse explains how the blind lead the blind into the pit (abyss).
Since all come out of the " heart", each should be somewhat abstract with concrete implications.
[code-driven vs. data-driven]
This sequence starts with the "through reasoning" of "fornication" and ends, as a constricting convergence (e.g., of a snake), with actual "adultery" and "fornication".
How does one get out of the pit (abyss)? Phrase: Turn a blind eye. (" hypocrite" or " actor"). [endorsements]
The Greek word for " murders" is a play on words with " sounds" as in (false) " light into the mind".
How does one get oneself out of such a convergence?
15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. [kjv]
157. Matthew 15:19,14 Way into the pit
The (converging) chiasmus shows the way into the pit. One can continue along the false " way" with a false " God" and a false " Christ".
[code-driven vs. data-driven]
Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: [kjv]
15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. [kjv]
Does Jesus say " let (forgive) them (the blind leaders, birds)" because there is no hope for the " birds" but there may be hope for the others? Jesus does not call the " followers" with a word for " followers"? Are they being " led" or are they being " oppressed" as " slaves" (or something else)?
158. Ten Commandments build
Here is a image build of paraphrased (shortened) commandments (words) from Exodus 20:1-26 as in the KJV.
159. Chiasmus with Ten Commandments build
Each of the eight (8) sins listed by Jesus as four (4) pairs can be associated with one of the Ten Commandments. The two not included are the following.
5. Honor father and mother. This is addressed in the first part of the parable.
4. Keep the Sabbath holy. Does Jesus not consider this important? Might this commandment be part of the "defile" as in "make common" as in "not set apart" as in "not holy"? What might this mean for interpreting this commandment?
160. John 1:1-5 Four causes in a design and implementation model
The ancient Greek word "αἰτία" ≈ "cause, reason". Aristotle often used this word as "explanation". Each "cause" is a " why" question. These are briefly summarized here using the Aristotle's example of a " table". The more formal Latin and the less formal English words describing the Greek words are provided.
αίτια |
cause |
Latin |
Informal |
table |
cooking |
computer |
ὕλη |
matter |
material |
substance |
wood |
ingredients |
data |
εἶδος |
form |
formal |
pattern |
design |
recipe |
code |
κινοῦν |
movement |
efficient |
agent |
carpentry |
making |
run |
τέλος |
end |
final |
purpose |
dining |
eating |
result |
Paul appears to use the four causes in writing to the Philippians. John appears to think in a top-down backward-chaining manner (much as a modern computer scientist). A top-down view of the four causes appears to fit John 1:1-5.
161. Verse model using four causes
Here are Aristotle's four causes applied to what Jesus said about the "blind leaders" of the "blind followers" and "falling" into the "ditch" or "abyss".
Four causes and verse model |
Greek |
English |
* |
Abstract |
Concrete |
Analogy |
ὕλη |
matter |
1 |
blasphemies |
through reasoning |
blind leaders |
εἶδος |
form |
2 |
false witness |
oppression by toils |
blind followers |
κινοῦν |
movement |
3 |
thefts |
murders |
falling |
τέλος |
purpose |
4 |
fornications |
adulteries |
ditch |
1. Ingredients: The "matter" starts with the "blind leaders" with desire "through reasoning" and deceptive "blasphemies".
2. Recipe: The "form" is that of "oppression by toils" and deceptive "false witness" (e.g., oaths, etc.) on the "blind" followers.
3. Making: The "movement" is that of "murders" and "thefts" as a "falling".
4. Eating: The "purpose" or "goal" or "end result" is then of actual "adulteries" and "fornications" as into the "ditch" or "abyss".
162. Matthew 15:19
KJV: For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies:
Greek: εκ γαρ της καρδιας εξερχονται διαλογισμοι πονηροι φονοι μοιχειαι πορνειαι κλοπαι ψευδομαρτυριαι βλασφημιαι
163. Matthew 15:20
Matthew 15:20 These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man. [kjv]
ταυτα εστιν τα κοινουντα τον ανθρωπον το δε ανιπτοις χερσιν φαγειν ου κοινοι τον ανθρωπον [gnt]
The process of all " these" things "defile", or "make common", and not eating with unwashed hands.
Note that eating with unwashed hands may not be sanitary and may result in the death of the body.
Eating with unwashed hands, by itself, does not result in the death of the body and soul (in hell).
164. Matthew 15:20
KJV: These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.
Greek: ταυτα εστιν τα κοινουντα τον ανθρωπον το δε ανιπτοις χερσιν φαγειν ου κοινοι τον ανθρωπον
165. Matthew 15:21 Area of the coast
Matthew 15:21 Then Jesus went thence, and departed into the coasts of Tyre and Sidon. [kjv]
και εξελθων εκειθεν ο ιησους ανεχωρησεν εις τα μερη τυρου και σιδωνος [gnt]
The Greek translated as " coasts" is that of " districts" or " regions" or " areas" or " parts". In context, these cities were along the " coasts" but that is not what Matthew wrote. There are other Greek words for " coast" that are not used here.
The ancient Greek word "μέρος" ≈ "part, portion, share" and is the source of the ancient Greek word "μέριμνα" ≈ "portion, part" and is related to the ancient Greek words for " care" is in the " cares of this world" and " anxious" is an about getting one's share or part.
This verse ends the interaction and the short discourse.
166. Matthew 15:21
KJV: Then Jesus went thence, and departed into the coasts of Tyre and Sidon.
Greek: και εξελθων εκειθεν ο ιησους ανεχωρησεν εις τα μερη τυρου και σιδωνος
167. Smyrna: weeds
Birds: (deceptive) blasphemies and reasoning
Theme: The good and bad seeds start to grow.
At each stage, there are both positive and negative aspects of the connections.
168. Pergamus: tree
Fish: (deceptive) witness (oaths) and evil (oppression)
Theme: The good and bad seeds (two mutually exclusive choices, yes-yes no-no, etc.) become a tree with religious and secular power. Mammon represents confidence in one's own ability to do things. For example, take an oath thinking that one can fulfill the oath and that one is not being deceived by the oath taken.
At each stage, there are both positive and negative aspects of the connections.
169. Thiatira: leaven
Pigs: (deceptive) thefts and murders
Theme: One bad apple makes the whole bunch go bad.
At each stage, there are both positive and negative aspects of the connections.
170. End of page
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