- *G4866 *2 συναθλέω (soon-ath-leh'-o) : from G4862 and G118; to wrestle in company with, i.e. (figuratively) to seek jointly:--labour with, strive together for.
- συναθλουντες
- Philippians 1:27 ... with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel;
- συνηθλησαν
- Philippians 4:3 ... help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, ...
64. Usage - labored together
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Words: συναθλουντες συνηθλησαν
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This word is used only twice in the
GNT and both times in Philippians.
The word is the origin of the English word
"athlete" and come from the Greek sports but had a general meaning of "
champion" or "
hero" of which athletics was one type of "
champion".
- champ vs. chump
The English word
"champ" comes from the Latin word for plain or (military) camp which became the German word
"Kampf" ≈ "struggle" and the English word
"campus".
65. Breakfast
Marketing: Wheaties is the "
Breakfast of Champions".
This slogan was introduced in 1927 for the Minneapolis Millers minor league baseball team (in the area of General Mills).
Champions eat "
Wheaties". Does eating "
Wheaties" make you a champ?
The word "
breakfast" comes from the time when the overnight "
fast" is "
broken". From where came the idea that one needs a "
good breakfast" to start the day?
66. Error of the converse
In his
Sophistic Refutations, Aristotle presents, at length, the fallacy of the
affirming of the consequent. This fallacy is often used in marketing. Here is an example.
- "champions eat Wheaties" does not mean that
- "eating Wheaties makes one a champ".
Other names:
converse error (logic, not the shoe company),
confusion of necessity and sufficiency. Proper reversal of the conditional probability requires
Bayes Rule.
67. Athletic champions
Philippians 4:3 And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life. [kjv]
ναι ερωτω και σε γνησιε συζυγε συλλαμβανου αυταις αιτινες εν τω ευαγγελιω συνηθλησαν μοι μετα και κλημεντος και των λοιπων συνεργων μου ων τα ονοματα εν βιβλω ζωης [gnt]
Paul used the same root "
champion together" in Philippians 1:27.
1:27 Only let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel; [kjv]
μονον αξιως του ευαγγελιου του χριστου πολιτευεσθε ινα ειτε ελθων και ιδων υμας ειτε απων ακουω τα περι υμων οτι στηκετε εν ενι πνευματι μια ψυχη συναθλουντες τη πιστει του ευαγγελιου [gnt]
The first usage (1:27) was as a verb. The second usage (4:3) was as a noun.
68. Athlon processor
69. Timothy
2 Timothy 2:4 No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier. [kjv]
ουδεις στρατευομενος εμπλεκεται ταις του βιου πραγματειαις ινα τω στρατολογησαντι αρεση [gnt]
2:5 And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully. [kjv]
εαν δε και αθλη τις ου στεφανουται εαν μη νομιμως αθληση [gnt]
Paul, writing to Timothy as Bishop of the church of Ephesus, uses Greek words for "
soldier" (twice) in verse 4 and "
athlete" or "
champion" as in "
striving" (twice) in verse 5.
The Greek word for "
soldier" is the origin of the English word
"strategy".
70. 2 Timothy 2:4
KJV: No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier.
Greek: ουδεις στρατευομενος εμπλεκεται ταις του βιου πραγματειαις ινα τω στρατολογησαντι αρεση
71. 2 Timothy 2:5
KJV: And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully.
Greek: εαν δε και αθλη τις ου στεφανουται εαν μη νομιμως αθληση
72. Greet each other
Philippians 4:4 Rejoice in the Lord alway: and again I say, Rejoice. [kjv]
χαιρετε εν κυριω παντοτε παλιν ερω χαιρετε [gnt]
The Greek here translated as "
rejoice" as that of "
greeting" one another. This word is repeated twice.
Why might Paul want each side to "
greet" one another?
Are there two sides that are causing issues that need to start talking and greeting each other?
73. Henry Kissinger
Sometimes there
appear to be
no similarities between viewpoints.
Henry Kissinger (1923-2023) would try to get two parties to agree on something, often to
agree that they
disagreed. This is a self-referential paradox that was used to get the two sides talking.
Idea put into action: "
A peace without victory is a victory for peace".
- Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) [1816 Year without a summer]
- Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)
74. Philippians 4:4
KJV: Rejoice in the Lord alway: and again I say, Rejoice.
Greek: χαιρετε εν κυριω παντοτε παλιν ερω χαιρετε
75. Repetition
Philippians 4:1 Therefore, my brethren dearly beloved and longed for, my joy and crown, so stand fast in the Lord, my dearly beloved. [kjv]
ωστε αδελφοι μου αγαπητοι και επιποθητοι χαρα και στεφανος μου ουτως στηκετε εν κυριω αγαπητοι [gnt]
4:2 I beseech Euodias, and beseech Syntyche, that they be of the same mind in the Lord. [kjv]
ευοδιαν παρακαλω και συντυχην παρακαλω το αυτο φρονειν εν κυριω [gnt]
4:4 Rejoice in the Lord alway: and again I say, Rejoice. [kjv]
χαιρετε εν κυριω παντοτε παλιν ερω χαιρετε [gnt]
In many of these verses, Paul repeats a word in the same verse, as if to emphasize that there are two parts or sides being addressed. The words are "
dearly beloved", "
I beseech" as in "
please", and "
rejoice" as in "
greet".
76. Chart of repeated words
There are a number of places in Philippians where words (with more than four letters) are repeated in the same verse.
77. Joining together
Philippians 4:2 I beseech Euodias, and beseech Syntyche, that they be of the same mind in the Lord. [kjv]
ευοδιαν παρακαλω και συντυχην παρακαλω το αυτο φρονειν εν κυριω [gnt]
4:3 And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life. [kjv]
ναι ερωτω και σε γνησιε συζυγε συλλαμβανου αυταις αιτινες εν τω ευαγγελιω συνηθλησαν μοι μετα και κλημεντος και των λοιπων συνεργων μου ων τα ονοματα εν βιβλω ζωης [gnt]
These parts need to come together. This appears to be signified by the use of words with "
syn" or "
syl" or "
syg" at the start of the word.
78. Chart of prefix for together
The verses right after the start of chapter 4 appear to use the Greek prefix "
syn" or "
syl" or "
syg" more than other parts of Philippians.
79. Epaphroditus
The only other verse were "
syn" or "
syl" is used is in Philippians 2;25.
Philippians 2:25 Yet I supposed it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my brother, and companion in labour, and fellowsoldier, but your messenger, and he that ministered to my wants. [kjv]
αναγκαιον δε ηγησαμην επαφροδιτον τον αδελφον και συνεργον και συστρατιωτην μου υμων δε αποστολον και λειτουργον της χρειας μου πεμψαι προς υμας [gnt]
Epaphroditus is writing down what Paul says, probably helping him write parts of it (puns, play on words, etc.), delivered the message (he know what it was to say) and probably read it (not many people read in those days).
80. Philippians 2:25
KJV: Yet I supposed it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my brother, and companion in labour, and fellowsoldier, but your messenger, and he that ministered to my wants.
Greek: αναγκαιον δε ηγησαμην επαφροδιτον τον αδελφον και συνεργον και συστρατιωτην μου υμων δε αποστολον και λειτουργον της χρειας μου πεμψαι προς υμας
81. Which of the two
Paul talks of sending either Timothy, meaning "
honoring God", or maybe Epaphroditus, meaning "
beautiful" (in a worldly sense).
Philippians 2:28 … when ye see him again, ye may rejoice, and that I may be the less sorrowful. [kjv]
σπουδαιοτερως ουν επεμψα αυτον ινα ιδοντες αυτον παλιν χαρητε καγω αλυποτερος ω [gnt]
The Greek does not mean "
less sorrowful".
- "αλυπότερος" (a-lee-po-ter-ros) means "not more annoyed".
- "αλλά πότερως" (al-la po-te-ros) means "but which of the two".
As stated: "
that I might not be more annoyed" (than I already am)
Play on words: "
that I might be, but which of the two" (are you like)
In a pun, both ways make sense. The pun need not follow grammar rules.
82. Chart of prefix for good
There does not seem to be a recognizable pattern for the Greek prefix "
eu" for "
good". Chapter 3 has this prefix for only one word.
83. Chart of prefix for upon
There does not seem to be a recognizable pattern for the Greek prefix "
epi" for "
upon".
84. Moderation
Philippians 4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand. [kjv]
το επιεικες υμων γνωσθητω πασιν ανθρωποις ο κυριος εγγυς [gnt]
The
KJV translates as "
moderation" what is often translated as "
gentleness" but in the Greek means neither.
The Greek word is that of "
equal treatment" or "
fairness". Apparently there were some not being treated with "
fairness", "
equity", etc.
The ancient Greek word
"ἐγγύς" ≈ "near" and literally means "
in hand" as in "
at hand". That is near!
85. Framing
Philippians 4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand. [kjv]
The psychological term "
framing" is that of implicitly setting bounds in a question or for an answer. This can be deceptive (e.g., for a a jury) in that there are valid solutions outside these bounds.
Example: A pastor might present the above verse using, say, "
gentleness" and then add in the sermon, "
but some translations use graciousness". This framing effect is deceptive as the Greek means neither.
Note: As Aristotle points out, this type of deception could be deliberate or it could be from ignorance or incompetence or for some other reason.
The term "
anchoring" is used when one side of a "
frame" is used as an anchor point.
86. Equity
Sometimes the idea of "
justice" has to do with the idea of "
equity". The Greek has a word for "
equity" that is used in the
GNT.
The ancient Greek word
"ἐπιείκεια" ≈ "equity, fairness" . However, the
KJV sometimes translates this word as "
moderation" being influenced by the Latin translation the Latin word
"modestia" ≈ "moderation" which is the source of the English word
"modest". This can change the meaning of the verses involved.
87. Clemency
Acts 24:4 Notwithstanding, that I be not further tedious unto thee, I pray thee that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words. [kjv]
ινα δε μη επι πλειον σε εγκοπτω παρακαλω ακουσαι σε ημων συντομως τη ση επιεικεια [gnt]
… clementia [v]
Philippians 4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand. [kjv]
το επιεικες υμων γνωσθητω πασιν ανθρωποις ο κυριος εγγυς [gnt]
modestia … [v]
Here we see the general trend to translate a more "
active" idea of "
equity" (to others) with a more "
passive" idea of "
moderation" (within oneself).
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Details are left as a future topic.
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88. Acts 24:4
KJV: Notwithstanding, that I be not further tedious unto thee, I pray thee that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words.
Greek: ινα δε μη επι πλειον σε εγκοπτω παρακαλω ακουσαι σε ημων συντομως τη ση επιεικεια
Latin: ne diutius autem te protraham oro breviter audias nos pro tua clementia
89. Philippians 4:5
KJV: Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand.
Greek: το επιεικες υμων γνωσθητω πασιν ανθρωποις ο κυριος εγγυς
90. Strongs - equity
- *G1933 *5 ἐπιεικής (ep-ee-i-kace') : from G1909 and G1503; appropriate, i.e. (by implication) mild:--gentle, moderation, patient.
- επιεικες
- Philippians 4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all ...
- επιεικη
- 1 Timothy 3:3 ... not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous;
- επιεικεις
- Titus 3:2 To speak evil of no man, to be no brawlers, but gentle, shewing all meekness ...
- επιεικης
- James 3:17 ... pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy ...
- επιεικεσιν
- 1 Peter 2:18 ... only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.
91. Usage - equity
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Words: επιεικεις επιεικες επιεικεσιν επιεικη επιεικης
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92. Clement and moderation
Why does Paul mention "
Clement" in verse 3?
Philippians 4:3 And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life. [kjv]
ναι ερωτω και σε γνησιε συζυγε συλλαμβανου αυταις αιτινες εν τω ευαγγελιω συνηθλησαν μοι μετα και κλημεντος και των λοιπων συνεργων μου ων τα ονοματα εν βιβλω ζωης [gnt]
Why might the Latin mis-translate the Greek word as "
moderation"?
4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand. [kjv]
το επιεικες υμων γνωσθητω πασιν ανθρωποις ο κυριος εγγυς [gnt]
modestia … prope [v]
93. Clement and clemency
Acts 24:4 … I pray thee that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words. [kjv]
ινα δε μη επι πλειον σε εγκοπτω παρακαλω ακουσαι σε ημων συντομως τη ση επιεικεια [gnt]
… clementia [v]
Philippians 4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand. [kjv]
το επιεικες υμων γνωσθητω πασιν ανθρωποις ο κυριος εγγυς [gnt]
modestia … prope [v]
The name "
Clement" is a Latin name from which comes the English word
"clemency". The Greek word used in Philippians 4:5 means "
equity" or "
clemency".
94. Clement and clemency
95. Don't sweat the small stuff
The book
Don't sweat the small stuff (Richard Carlson, 1997) talks about making trade-offs and not getting worked up about things that do not matter that much.
A study from long ago found that the
NFL (National Football League) coaches that lasted the longest tended to be those that did not worry or concern themselves about things they could not control.
- The way the ball bounces.
- Penalties that could go one way or the other.
Information technology director: Match authority with responsibility.
96. Seven habits
In Stephen Covey's book
7 habits of highly effective people (1989) the idea of self-sufficiency is expressed as "
shrinking one's domain of concern to one's domain of influence". That is, proactive people focus on what they can do and influence.
In management terms, this is balancing responsibility with authority.
Jesus brings out the same idea with shaking the dust off of one's sandals and leaving if an area is not receptive to the message. Paul brings out this message in Philippians in various ways.
97. Mountains and molehills
The phrase to "
make a mountain out of a molehill" appears to have started in the 1500's.
The phrase refers to taking something insignificant and making it into a great and significant issue. That is, to make something more important than it should be. Other similar phrases include the following.
- "blow out of proportion"
- "sweat the small stuff" (book)
- "penny wise pound foolish" (Ben Franklin)
- "throw out the baby with the bathwater"
- "counting the cost" (parable by Jesus)
98. Verses 6-8
Paul continues.
Philippians 4:6 Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God. [kjv]
4:7 And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus. [kjv]
4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. [kjv]
99. Verse 1
I've got the joy, joy, joy, joy,
Down in my heart,
Down in my heart,
Down in my heart;
I've got the joy, joy, joy, joy,
Down in my heart,
Down in my heart to stay.
100. Peace that passeth understanding
Paul uses the Greek word for "
surpassing" as, literally, "
having over" or "
holding over",
three times in Philippians. The
KJV uses "
better", "
excellency" and "
passeth" for translating this word. A similar word, as a play on words, is that of being "
superior".
Philippians 4:7 And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus. [kjv]
και η ειρηνη του θεου η υπερεχουσα παντα νουν φρουρησει τας καρδιας υμων και τα νοηματα υμων εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]
The Greek for "
keep" is that of "
care for" in a tender sense.
Paraphrase:
The peace of God is to be held over all understanding, and shall care for your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.
101. Philippians
Philippians 2:3 Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves. [kjv]
μηδεν κατ εριθειαν κατα κενοδοξιαν αλλα τη ταπεινοφροσυνη αλληλους ηγουμενοι υπερεχοντας εαυτων [gnt]
3:8 Yea doubtless, and I count all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord… [kjv]
αλλα μενουνγε και ηγουμαι παντα ζημιαν ειναι δια το υπερεχον της γνωσεως χριστου ιησου του κυριου μου δι ον τα παντα εζημιωθην και ηγουμαι σκυβαλα ινα χριστον κερδησω [gnt]
4:7 And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus. [kjv]
και η ειρηνη του θεου η υπερεχουσα παντα νουν φρουρησει τας καρδιας υμων και τα νοηματα υμων εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]
102. Verse 2
I've got the peace that passeth understanding,
Down in my heart,
Down in my heart,
Down in my heart;
I've got the peace that passeth understanding,
Down in my heart,
Down in my heart to stay.
103. End of page