The ancient Greek word "λοιπον" ≈ "the rest, remainder". Paul is not finishing. He is continuing to the remainder of topics, groups of people, etc.

This word was used at the start of chapter 3 to separate chapters 1 and 2 addressed to the church leadership from chapters 3 and 4 addressed to the "others".

The KJV (King James Version) translates as "whatsoever things" from the ancient Greek word "ὅσος" ≈ "as much as" as in "whatever".

Keep in mind the following. Is the final result the intersection of all the properties? Do we need to think about all of them? Is it something else?

People often say "whatever" with a secondary meaning of "do what you want" and "you are going to do that anyway".

The Greek word for "truth", like the Hebrew word, has to do with the "reality" and not "logic" or "opinion".

More: Truth types: logic, reality, opinion

More: Greek truth as reality

More: Hebrew truth as reality

The Greek word means "respectful" as in "august". The Greek word "august" is used to refer to Caesar as in when Paul appeals to "Augustus" as a synonym for "Caesar" (in the official discussions following his appeal)

More: Increase and decrease

Another (indirect) meaning for this phrase is "whatever things are Caesar's".

This word is used 4 times by Paul in the GNT and not elsewhere. This particular inflection by Paul is found 1 time in the GNT.

Caesar Augustus, ruling Rome at the birth of Christ, took on the name "august" in order to have more respect or reverence for him as he was young when he became Caesar.
The ancient Greek word "σεβαστός" ≈ "venerable, august".

The ancient Greek word "πόλις" ≈ "city".

Combined, one gets "Sevastopol".

That Greek name for "august" became the title of Russian Czarina (Augusta) Catherine II who founded the city Sevastopol in 1783.

Crimean War: (1853-1856)

• Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855)
• Charge of the Light Brigade. Obviously outdated tactics would be used in the American Civil War (1861-1865)
• Florence Nightingale (care of wounded soldiers at Constantinople, improved nursing and medical treatment)
• Failure of Britain and France to support Austria-Hungry led to unification of Italy and Germany

This is the usual Greek word for "righteous" or "just".

From Aristotle, this is from the human opinion point of view when it refers to human law.

This Greek word is used 8 times in the GNT, 5 times by Paul. This particular inflection is used 1 time in the GNT.

This word is used 1 time in the GNT and 1 time in the LXX (Septuagint) (in Esther and not in the Hebrew as in the KJV).

The Greek word for "good report" later went into English as "euphanism".

This word is used 1 time in Philippians and 1 time in 2 Corinthians. Strongs considers these different words.

The Greek word for "virtue" had a long history in Greek philosophy.

It meant doing the right thing but had the association with Hercules and a life of hard tasks that needed to be completed.

The word is used 1 time by Paul, here. It is used by Peter 4 times.

Praise can be good (and obvious) or not so good (and not so obvious). The Greek word for "praise" is related to the Greek word for "enigma" and often translated as "dark sayings".

More: A dark and enigmatic praise

The ancient Greek word "λογίζομαι" ≈ "count, reckon". The English phrase "dead reckoning" refers to a way of determining one's estimated position (in space, time, etc.).

The Latin word "cogitate" ≈ "think" and is the source of the English word "cognition".
From the Greek, we are asked to "logically calculate" or "logically reason" about these words, not just "think" about these words and what they mean and how they might be applied to a Christian lifestyle.

Divide the Greek words into syllables the way that Greek words are divided.

Contrived example using an English word:

• English: back-ground
• Greek: ba-ckground

Read the words backwards. As with puns, word order and grammar rules can be relaxed (especially endings).

Now pick out the syllables from each successive word moving to the next syllable (when possible) in the next word. This usage supports the splitting and joining of names to get more meaning.

Some other/additional words might be the following.

Another possible word, at the beginning and matching the pattern, but without the exact ending, is the ancient Greek word "ανακαιον" ≈ "prison" which would then be "prison prophet plays".

The words, in order, of which the first, second and third syllables, in order, make the Greek word for "prophet" are used in the GNT are as follows.

Strongs lists the word for "good report" as two separate words.
It appears that these three words were worked into the verse for some purpose, such as an encoding for "prophet".

Why did Paul say to reckon or count or reason about these "things" (represented by the words)?

A pun or play on words often needs to be setup. Might this explain the resulting letter organization better than inferring many separate letters pieced together later?

Why do many of the same words appear in the letter at some point and then the same word appears later in the letter? In such cases, it is best to see how the word is used in both places and determine if there is some implied reason why that word was re-used.