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Philippians 4:8 Logical calculation
1. Philippians 4:8 Logical calculation
Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
… pudica … bonae famae … cogitate [v]
In Philippians 4:8, Paul lists a number of categories in which one should do some "
logical calculation". The ancient Greek word
"λογίζομαι" ≈ "count, reckon". The Latin Vulgate influenced this meaning to be that of "
thinking". What might happen if one does some "
logical calculation"?
2. Philippians 4:8
KJV: Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.
Greek: το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε
Latin: de cetero fratres quaecumque sunt vera quaecumque pudica quaecumque iusta quaecumque sancta quaecumque amabilia quaecumque bonae famae si qua virtus si qua laus haec cogitate
3. List of words
Special words |
1=εστιν |
is |
2=αληθη |
true |
3=σεμνα |
respectful |
4=δικαια |
righteous |
5=αγνα |
pure |
6=προσφιλη |
lovely |
7=ευφημα |
good report |
8=αρετη |
virtue |
9=επαινος |
praise |
10=λογιζεσθε |
reasoned |
|
Have you checked off everything in the list?
A pastor could do sermons on each of these words.
Let us first cover the meaning of each Greek word. Keep in mind that many of these words are rarely used in the GNT (Greek New Testament). A few important ones are only used once.
|
4. Finally
Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"λοιπον" ≈ "the rest, remainder". Paul is not finishing. He is continuing to the remainder of topics, groups of people, etc.
This word was used at the start of chapter 3 to separate chapters 1 and 2 addressed to the church leadership from chapters 3 and 4 addressed to the "
others".
5. Whatever
Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
The
KJV (King James Version) translates as "
whatsoever things" from the ancient Greek word
"ὅσος" ≈ "as much as" as in "
whatever".
Keep in mind the following. Is the final result the intersection of all the properties? Do we need to think about all of them? Is it something else?
People often say "
whatever" with a secondary meaning of "
do what you want" and "
you are going to do that anyway".
6. Strongs - whatever
- *G3745 *0 ὅσος (hos'-os) : by reduplication from G3739; as (much, great, long, etc.) as:--all (that), as (long, many, much) (as), how great (many, much), (in-)asmuch as, so many as, that (ever), the more, those things, what (great, -soever), wheresoever, wherewithsoever, which, X while, who(-soever).
- οσα *53
- Matthew 7:12 Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men ...
- Matthew 13:44 ... and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth ...
- Matthew 13:46 ... went and sold all that he had, and bought it.
- Matthew 17:12 ... have done unto him whatsoever they listed. Likewise shall ...
- Matthew 18:18 Verily I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever ye shall loose on ...
- Matthew 18:25 ... children, and all that he had, and payment to be made.
- Matthew 21:22 And all things, whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, ...
- Matthew 23:3 All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, ...
- Matthew 28:20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, ...
- Mark 3:8 ... a great multitude, when they had heard what great things he did, came unto him.
- Mark 3:28 ... of men, and blasphemies wherewith soever they shall blaspheme:
- Mark 5:19 ... and tell them how great things the Lord hath done for thee, ...
- Mark 5:20 ... to publish in Decapolis how great things Jesus had done for him: ...
- Mark 6:30 ... all things, both what they had done, and what they had taught.
- Mark 9:13 ... and they have done unto him whatsoever they listed, as it is written ...
- Mark 10:21 ... lackest: go thy way, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give ...
- Mark 11:24 Therefore I say unto you, What things soever ye desire, when ye pray, believe ...
- Mark 12:44 ... want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.
- Luke 4:23 ... Physician, heal thyself: whatsoever we have heard done in ...
- Luke 8:39 ... and shew how great things God hath done unto thee. And he went his way, and published throughout the whole city how great things Jesus had done unto him.
- Luke 9:10 ... when they were returned, told him all that they had done. And he took ...
- Luke 12:3 Therefore whatsoever ye have spoken in darkness shall be heard ...
- Luke 18:12 ... in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess.
- Luke 18:22 ... one thing: sell all that thou hast, and distribute ...
- John 10:41 ... miracle: but all things that John spake of ...
- John 11:22 But I know, that even now, whatsoever thou wilt ask of God, God ...
- John 16:13 ... of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and ...
- John 16:15 All things that the Father hath are mine: ...
- John 17:7 Now they have known that all things whatsoever thou hast given me are ...
- Acts 3:22 ... shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you.
- Acts 4:23 ... their own company, and reported all that the chief priests and elders ...
- Acts 4:28 For to do whatsoever thy hand and thy ...
- Acts 9:13 ... of this man, how much evil he hath done to thy ...
- Acts 9:16 For I will shew him how great things he must suffer ...
- Acts 9:39 ... the coats and garments which Dorcas made, while she was ...
- Acts 14:27 ... the church together, they rehearsed all that God had done with ...
- Acts 15:4 ... elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.
- Acts 15:12 ... and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders ...
- Romans 3:19 Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith ...
- Romans 15:4 For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, ...
- Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things ...
- 2 Timothy 1:18 ... that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, ...
- Jude 1:10 But these speak evil of those things which they know not: but what they know naturally, ...
- Revelation 1:2 ... of Jesus Christ, and of all things that he saw.
- Revelation 18:7 How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much ...
- οσοι *29
- Matthew 14:36 ... of his garment: and as many as touched were made perfectly whole.
- Mark 3:10 ... for to touch him, as many as had plagues.
- Mark 6:56 ... of his garment: and as many as touched him were made whole.
- Luke 4:40 Now when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers ...
- Luke 9:5 And whosoever will not receive you, ...
- John 1:12 But as many as received him, to them gave he ...
- John 10:8 All that ever came before me are ...
- Acts 3:24 ... Samuel and those that follow after, as many as have spoken, have likewise ...
- Acts 4:6 ... and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred ...
- Acts 4:34 ... that lacked: for as many as were possessors of lands ...
- Acts 5:36 ... was slain; and all, as many as obeyed him, were scattered, ...
- Acts 5:37 ... perished; and all, even as many as obeyed him, were dispersed.
- Acts 10:45 ... the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that ...
- Acts 13:48 ... the word of the Lord: and as many as were ordained to ...
- Romans 2:12 For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in ...
- Romans 6:3 Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus ...
- Romans 8:14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they ...
- Galatians 3:10 For as many as are of the works of the law ...
- Galatians 3:27 For as many of you as have been baptized into ...
- Galatians 6:12 As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh, they ...
- Galatians 6:16 And as many as walk according to this rule, peace ...
- Philippians 3:15 Let us therefore, as many as be perfect, be thus minded: ...
- Colossians 2:1 ... at Laodicea, and for as many as have not seen ...
- 1 Timothy 6:1 Let as many servants as are under ...
- Hebrews 2:15 And deliver them who through fear of death were ...
- Revelation 2:24 ... unto the rest in Thyatira, as many as have not this ...
- Revelation 13:15 ... and cause that as many as would not ...
- Revelation 18:17 ... and sailors, and as many as trade by sea, stood ...
- οσον *17
- Matthew 9:15 ... of the bridechamber mourn, as long as the bridegroom is with ...
- Matthew 25:40 ... I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one ...
- Matthew 25:45 ... I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one ...
- Mark 2:19 ... is with them? as long as they have the bridegroom with ...
- Mark 7:36 ... they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, ...
- John 6:11 ... likewise of the fishes as much as they would.
- Romans 7:1 ... hath dominion over a man as long as he liveth?
- Romans 11:13 For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle ...
- 1 Corinthians 7:39 ... by the law as long as her husband liveth; ...
- Galatians 4:1 Now I say, That the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth ...
- Hebrews 3:3 ... than Moses, in asmuch as he who hath builded the house hath ...
- Hebrews 7:20 And in asmuch as not without an oath he was made priest:
- Hebrews 9:27 And as it is appointed unto men once to die, ...
- Hebrews 10:37 For yet a little while, and he that shall come will come, ...
- 2 Peter 1:13 Yea, I think it meet, as long as I am in this ...
- Revelation 21:16 ... the length is as large as the breadth: and he measured ...
- οσους *4
- Matthew 22:9 ... into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid ...
- Matthew 22:10 ... the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad ...
- Acts 2:39 ... that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call.
- Revelation 3:19 As many as I love, I rebuke and ...
- οσω *3
- Hebrews 1:4 Being made so much better than the angels, as he hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name ...
- Hebrews 8:6 ... hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator ...
- Hebrews 10:25 ... one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.
- οσων
- Luke 11:8 ... he will rise and give him as many as he needeth.
- οσαι
- 2 Corinthians 1:20 For all the promises of God in him ...
7. Usage - whatever
|
Words: οσα=53 οσαι οσοι=29 οσον=17 οσους=4 οσω=3 οσων
|
8. True
Philippians 4:8 … whatsoever things are true… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
The Greek word for "
truth", like the Hebrew word, has to do with the "
reality" and not "
logic" or "
opinion".
9. Respectful
Philippians 4:8 … whatsoever things are honest… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
The Greek word means "
respectful" as in "
august". The Greek word "
august" is used to refer to Caesar as in when Paul appeals to "
Augustus" as a synonym for "
Caesar" (in the official discussions following his appeal)
Another (indirect) meaning for this phrase is "
whatever things are Caesar's".
10. Strongs - respected
- *G4586 *4 σεμνός (sem-nos') : from G4576; venerable, i.e. honorable:--grave, honest.
- σεμνους *2
- 1 Timothy 3:8 Likewise must the deacons be grave, not doubletongued, not ...
- Titus 2:2 That the aged men be sober, grave, temperate, sound in faith, ...
- σεμνα
- Philippians 4:8 ... are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things ...
- σεμνας
- 1 Timothy 3:11 Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, ...
11. Usage - respected
|
Words: σεμνα σεμνας σεμνους=2
|
This word is used
4 times by Paul in the
GNT and not elsewhere. This particular inflection by Paul is found
1 time in the
GNT.
12. Caesar Octavius Augustus
The Latin word "augustus" ≈ "majestic, venerable". In English, one can still say that a person is "august" is in "venerable" and/or "majestic".
Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Octavius (63 BC - 14 AD) took on the name "
Augustus" as a more formal title and became know by that name.
13. Caesar Augustus
Caesar Augustus, ruling Rome at the birth of Christ, took on the name "
august" in order to have more respect or reverence for him as he was young when he became Caesar.
The ancient Greek word
"σεβαστός" ≈ "venerable, august".
The ancient Greek word
"πόλις" ≈ "city".
Combined, one gets "
Sevastopol".
14. Sevastopol
That Greek name for "
august" became the title of Russian Czarina (Augusta) Catherine II who founded the city Sevastopol in 1783.
Crimean War: (1853-1856)
Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855)
Charge of the Light Brigade. Obviously outdated tactics would be used in the American Civil War (1861-1865)
Florence Nightingale (care of wounded soldiers at Constantinople, improved nursing and medical treatment)
Failure of Britain and France to support Austria-Hungry led to unification of Italy and Germany
15. Righteous
Philippians 4:8 … whatsoever things are just… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
This is the usual Greek word for "
righteous" or "
just".
From Aristotle, this is from the human opinion point of view when it refers to human law.
16. Nature and law and justice
In his
On Sophistic Refutations, Aristotle says that from ancient times, nature (truth) and law (opinion) are opposites and that justice goes with the law (opinion) but not with nature (truth).
English: Nature and Law are opposites, and justice is a good thing according to the law but not according to nature. Loeb #400, p. 73.
Greek: ἐναντία γὰρ εἶναι φύσιν καὶ νόμον, καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην κατὰ νόμον μὲν εἶναι καλόν, κατὰ φύσιν δ´ οὐ καλόν Sophistic Refutations [173b]
"φύση" ≈ "nature, reality" (reality truth) as in "physics".
"νόμος" ≈ "custom, law" (opinion truth) as in "Deuteronomy" as in "second law". The Greek for "iniquity" is "against the law".
"δικαιοσύνη" ≈ "righteousness, justice".
Whenever Jesus, Paul, etc., use the word for
"righteousness" one must determine from context what is meant. There may be double meanings.
☐ God's
"righteousness" (opinion, glory, etc.).
☐ man's
"righteousness" (opinion, glory, etc.).
17. Truth and opinion
18. Beam me up opinions
19. Pure ignorance
Philippians 4:8 … whatsoever things are pure… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
Ivory Soap is
99.44% pure and it
floats! That specific number appears to have resulted due to a rounding error in calculations that was then adopted as part of a marketing slogan.
[chaos theory]
In a sense, the Greek word for "
pure" (rough breath) can be a play on words with "
ignorant" (smooth breath). This may or may not be important here.
"ἁγνός" ≈ "pure, chaste, innocent" (rough breath) as in "holy" from the Old English word "halig" ≈ "holy".
"ἄγνοια" ≈ "ignorance" (smooth breath)
"ἄγνωστος" ≈ "ignorant" (smooth breath)
20. Strongs - pure
- *G53 *8 ἁγνός (hag-nos') : from the same as G40; properly, clean, i.e. (figuratively) innocent, modest, perfect:--chaste, clean, pure.
- αγνην *2
- 2 Corinthians 11:2 ... to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ.
- 1 Peter 3:2 While they behold your chaste conversation coupled with fear.
- αγνους
- 2 Corinthians 7:11 ... things ye have approved yourselves to be clear in this matter.
- αγνα
- Philippians 4:8 ... whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things ...
- αγνον
- 1 Timothy 5:22 ... sins: keep thyself pure.
- αγνας
- Titus 2:5 To be discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own ...
- αγνη
- James 3:17 ... that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, ...
- αγνος
- 1 John 3:3 ... even as he is pure.
21. Usage - pure
*G53 *8 ἁγνός (hag-nos') : from the same as G40; properly, clean, i.e. (figuratively) innocent, modest, perfect:--chaste, clean, pure.
|
Words: αγνα αγνας αγνη αγνην=2 αγνον αγνος αγνους
|
This Greek word is used 8 times in the
GNT,
5 times by Paul. This particular inflection is used
1 time in the
GNT.
22. Lovely
Philippians 4:8 … whatsoever things are lovely… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
23. Strongs - lovely
- *G4375 *1 προσφιλής (pros-fee-lace') : from a presumed compound of G4314 and G5368; friendly towards, i.e. acceptable:--lovely.
- προσφιλη
- Philippians 4:8 ... whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if ...
This word is used
1 time in the
GNT and
1 time in the
LXX (Septuagint) (in Esther and not in the Hebrew as in the
KJV).
24. Usage - lovely
|
Words: προσφιλη
|
25. Good report
Philippians 4:8 … whatsoever things are of good report… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
The Greek word for "
good report" later went into English as
"euphanism".
26. A report of speaking good in a famous way
27. Strongs - good report
- *G2162 *1 εὐφημία (yoo-fay-mee'-ah) : from G2163 εὔφημος; good language ("euphemy"), i.e. praise (repute):--good report.
- ευφημιας
- 2 Corinthians 6:8 ... by evil report and good report: as deceivers, and yet true;
- *G2163 *1 εὔφημος (yoo'-fay-mos) : from G2095 and G5345; well spoken of, i.e. reputable:--of good report.
- ευφημα
- Philippians 4:8 ... whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, ...
28. Usage - good report
|
Words: ευφημα ευφημιας
|
This word is used
1 time in Philippians and
1 time in 2 Corinthians. Strongs considers these different words.
29. Bad and good reports
2 Corinthians 6:8 By honour and dishonour, by evil report and good report: as deceivers, and yet true; [kjv]
δια δοξης και ατιμιας δια δυσφημιας και ευφημιας ως πλανοι και αληθεις [gnt]
In 2 Corinthians 6:8, Paul uses both the prefix "
dis" for "
bad" and "
eu" for "
good" in terms of "
fame" or "
news" or "
report".
The Greek for "
honor" is that of "
opinion". The Greek for "
dishonor" is that of "
not honor" or "
not valued".
The Greek for "
deceivers" is that of "
wandering astray" as in a "
planet".
30. 2 Corinthians 6:8
KJV: By honour and dishonour, by evil report and good report: as deceivers, and yet true;
Greek: δια δοξης και ατιμιας δια δυσφημιας και ευφημιας ως πλανοι και αληθεις
31. Virtue
Philippians 4:8 … if there be any virtue… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
The Greek word for "
virtue" had a long history in Greek philosophy.
It meant doing the right thing but had the association with Hercules and a life of hard tasks that needed to be completed.
32. Hercules choosing virtue over evil
The theme of Hercules making a decision between Kakia (vice, worthlessness) and Arete (virtue) was a common artistic theme in the Middle Ages (and at other times).
The idea of Kakia (vice) moved to that of "
evil" and than of Arete (virtue) to that of "
good".
Greek philosophy sometimes twisted the idea of "
virtue" in ways that today seem somewhat strange.
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Details are left as a future topic.
|
33. Strongs - virtue
- *G703 *5 ἀρέτη (ar-et'-ay) : from the same as G730; properly, manliness (valor), i.e. excellence (intrinsic or attributed):--praise, virtue.
- αρετη *3
- Philippians 4:8 ... are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any ...
- 2 Peter 1:3 ... to glory and virtue:
- 2 Peter 1:5 ... your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge;
- αρετας
- 1 Peter 2:9 ... people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of ...
- αρετην
- 2 Peter 1:5 ... your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge;
34. Usage - virtue
|
Words: αρετας αρετη=3 αρετην
|
The word is used
1 time by Paul, here. It is used by Peter
4 times.
35. Praise
Philippians 4:8 … if there be any praise… [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
Praise can be good (and obvious) or not so good (and not so obvious). The Greek word for "
praise" is related to the Greek word for "
enigma" and often translated as "
dark sayings".
36. Strongs - praise
- *G1868 *11 ἔπαινος (ep'-ahee-nos) : from G1909 and the base of G134; laudation; concretely, a commendable thing:--praise.
- επαινον *7
- Romans 13:3 ... that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same:
- Ephesians 1:6 To the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein ...
- Ephesians 1:12 That we should be to the praise of his glory, who ...
- Ephesians 1:14 ... the redemption of the purchased possession, unto the praise of his glory.
- Philippians 1:11 ... unto the glory and praise of God.
- 1 Peter 1:7 ... fire, might be found unto praise and honour and ...
- 1 Peter 2:14 ... the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well.
- επαινος *4
- Romans 2:29 ... and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, ...
- 1 Corinthians 4:5 ... shall every man have praise of God.
- 2 Corinthians 8:18 ... him the brother, whose praise is in the gospel throughout ...
- Philippians 4:8 ... and if there be any praise, think on these things.
37. Usage - praise
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Words: επαινον=7 επαινος=4
|
38. Think
Philippians 4:8 … think on these things. [kjv]
το λοιπον αδελφοι οσα εστιν αληθη οσα σεμνα οσα δικαια οσα αγνα οσα προσφιλη οσα ευφημα ει τις αρετη και ει τις επαινος ταυτα λογιζεσθε [gnt]
… cogitate [v]
The ancient Greek word
"λογίζομαι" ≈ "count, reckon". The English phrase
"dead reckoning" refers to a way of determining one's estimated position (in space, time, etc.).
The Latin word
"cogitate" ≈ "think" and is the source of the English word
"cognition".
From the Greek, we are asked to "
logically calculate" or "
logically reason" about these words, not just "
think" about these words and what they mean and how they might be applied to a Christian lifestyle.
39. Reckoning
The ancient Greek word
"λογίζομαι" ≈ "count, reckon", the root word for "
syllogism", appears in Luke 20:5.
Luke 20:5 And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why then believed ye him not? [kjv]
οι δε συνελογισαντο προς εαυτους λεγοντες οτι εαν ειπωμεν εξ ουρανου ερει δια τι ουκ επιστευσατε αυτω [gnt]
40. Luke 20:5
KJV: And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why then believed ye him not?
Greek: οι δε συνελογισαντο προς εαυτους λεγοντες οτι εαν ειπωμεν εξ ουρανου ερει δια τι ουν ουκ επιστευσατε αυτω
41. Strongs - count
- *G3049 *40 λογίζομαι (log-id'-zom-ahee) : middle voice from G3056; to take an inventory, i.e. estimate (literally or figuratively):--conclude, (ac-)count (of), + despise, esteem, impute, lay, number, reason, reckon, suppose, think (on).
- ελογισθη *8
- Luke 22:37 ... in me, And he was reckoned among the transgressors: for ...
- Romans 4:3 ... believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.
- Romans 4:9 ... we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.
- Romans 4:10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in ...
- Romans 4:22 And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness.
- Romans 4:23 ... sake alone, that it was imputed to him;
- Galatians 3:6 ... believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.
- James 2:23 ... believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: ...
- λογιζεται *5
- Romans 4:4 Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, ...
- Romans 4:5 ... the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.
- Romans 4:6 ... of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,
- Romans 9:8 ... but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.
- 1 Corinthians 13:5 ... is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil;
- λογιζομαι *5
- Romans 8:18 For I reckon that the sufferings of this present ...
- 2 Corinthians 10:2 ... when I am present with that confidence, wherewith I think to be bold against some, which think of us as if ...
- 2 Corinthians 11:5 For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very ...
- Philippians 3:13 Brethren, I count not myself to have apprehended: ...
- 1 Peter 5:12 ... brother unto you, as I suppose, I have written briefly, exhorting, ...
- λογιζεσθε *3
- John 11:50 Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that ...
- Romans 6:11 Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be ...
- Philippians 4:8 ... if there be any praise, think on these things.
- λογιζεσθω *3
- 1 Corinthians 4:1 Let a man so account of us, as of the ministers ...
- 2 Corinthians 10:7 ... that he is Christ's, let him of himself think this again, ...
- 2 Corinthians 10:11 Let such an one think this, that, such as ...
- λογισθηναι *2
- Acts 19:27 ... goddess Diana should be despised, and her magnificence ...
- Romans 4:11 ... not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:
- λογισηται *2
- Romans 4:8 ... to whom the Lord will not impute sin.
- 2 Corinthians 12:6 ... now I forbear, lest any man should think of me above ...
- λογιζη
- Romans 2:3 And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest ...
- λογισθησεται
- Romans 2:26 ... shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?
- λογιζομεθα
- Romans 3:28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without ...
- λογιζεσθαι
- Romans 4:24 ... also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on ...
- ελογισθημεν
- Romans 8:36 ... we are killed all the day long; we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.
- λογιζομενω
- Romans 14:14 ... of itself: but to him that esteemeth any thing to be unclean, ...
- ελογιζομην
- 1 Corinthians 13:11 ... I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but ...
- λογισασθαι
- 2 Corinthians 3:5 ... sufficient of ourselves to think any thing as of ...
- λογιζομενος
- 2 Corinthians 5:19 ... the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; ...
- λογιζομενους
- 2 Corinthians 10:2 ... when I am present with that confidence, wherewith I think to be bold against some, which think of us as if ...
- λογισθειη
- 2 Timothy 4:16 ... men forsook me: I pray God that it may not be laid to their charge.
- λογισαμενος
- Hebrews 11:19 Accounting that God was able to raise him up, ...
42. Usage - count
|
Words: ελογιζομην ελογισθη=8 ελογισθημεν λογιζεσθαι λογιζεσθε=3 λογιζεσθω=3 λογιζεται=5 λογιζη λογιζομαι=5 λογιζομεθα λογιζομενος λογιζομενους λογιζομενω λογισαμενος λογισασθαι λογισηται=2 λογισθειη λογισθηναι=2 λογισθησεται
|
43. List of words
Special words |
1=ε‑στιν |
is |
(1 lambda) |
2=α‑λη‑θη |
true |
εληνα= |
3=σεμ‑να |
important |
=Greek |
4=δι‑και‑α |
righteous |
καινα= |
5=αγ‑να |
pure |
=new |
6= προ ‑σφι‑λη |
lovely |
|
7=ευ‑ φη ‑μα |
good report |
προφητη = |
8=α‑ρε‑ τη |
virtue |
=prophet |
9=ε‑παι‑νος |
praise |
παιζε= |
10=λο‑γι‑ζε‑σθε |
reasoned |
=plays |
|
Pastors may try to fit the words into a Christian lifestyle.
We are asked to "logically" "calculate" or "reason" about the words, not "think".
Start by dividing the Greek words into syllables. There may be other ways.
|
Note: The "
Greek" may be a female name and relate to the use of female names as codes in the previous verses. Another connection might be a feminine form of the ancient Greek word
"Λῆμνος" ≈ "Lumnos" as an island and coming from a Semitic word for "
white".
44. Syllable division
Divide the Greek words into syllables the way that Greek words are divided.
Contrived example using an English word:
English: back-ground
Greek: ba-ckground
45. Words
Pick out words within/between words |
1=ε‑στιν 2=α‑λη‑θη 3=σεμ‑να |
εληνα |
Greek |
4=δι‑και‑α 5=αγ‑να |
καινα |
new |
6= προ ‑σφι‑λη 7=ευ‑ φη ‑μα 8=α‑ρε‑ τη |
προφητη |
prophet |
9=ε‑παι‑νος 10=λογιζεσθε |
παιζε |
plays |
Read the words backwards. As with puns, word order and grammar rules can be relaxed (especially endings).
Now pick out the syllables from each successive word moving to the next syllable (when possible) in the next word. This usage supports the splitting and joining of names to get more meaning.
46. Additional words
Some other/additional words might be the following.
Pick out words within/between words |
4=δι‑και‑α |
δια |
through |
8=α‑ρε‑τη 9=ε‑παι‑νος 10=λογιζεσθε |
απαλο |
soft ‑ funny |
8=α‑ρε‑τη 9=ε‑παι‑νος 10=λογιζεσθε |
απαλογι |
defense ‑ apology |
9=ε‑παι‑νος |
ος |
as |
10=λο‑γι‑ζε‑σθε |
λογιζεσθε |
reasoned |
Another possible word, at the beginning and matching the pattern, but without the exact ending, is the ancient Greek word
"ανακαιον" ≈ "prison" which would then be "
prison prophet plays".
47. Prophet
The words, in order, of which the first, second and third syllables, in order, make the Greek word for "
prophet" are used in the
GNT are as follows.
Words that contain syllables for prophet |
Word |
Meaning |
Used by Paul |
Used else in GNT |
6= προ ‑σφι‑λη |
lovely |
1 |
0 |
7=ευ‑ φη ‑μα |
good report |
2 |
0 |
8=α‑ρε‑ τη |
virtue |
1 |
4 |
Strongs lists the word for "
good report" as two separate words.
It appears that these three words were worked into the verse for some purpose, such as an encoding for "
prophet".
48. Paraphrase
A paraphrase might be as follows.
Paraphrase:
A reasoned logical defense as soft/funny/play was found by prophet (Paul) through a new Greek (Epaphroditus).
Could this be a signature block for the hidden dual authorship of the letter?
Might these words be here just by chance? In the security field, hiding a message in another message is called
steganography.
49. Letter organization
Why did Paul say to reckon or count or reason about these "things" (represented by the words)?
A pun or play on words often needs to be setup. Might this explain the resulting letter organization better than inferring many separate letters pieced together later?
Why do many of the same words appear in the letter at some point and then the same word appears later in the letter? In such cases, it is best to see how the word is used in both places and determine if there is some implied reason why that word was re-used.
50. End of page