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1 Timothy 1:1-20 Style and content issues
1. 1 Timothy 1:1-20 Style and content issues
This is a work in progress.
2. Federalist Papers
It is very hard to determine who actually wrote a given text.
Example:
The Federalist Papers (85 articles and essays by either John Jay, James Madison or Alexander Hamilton)
It was known exactly who of three people wrote the papers but not which person wrote which paper.
It was very difficult for experts, after much study and many years, to reach a probabilistic idea of who wrote which papers.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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3. 1 Timothy
4. 1 Timothy 1:1-20 Style and content issues
The letter of 1 Timothy is attributed to Paul. There are scholars who doubt the Pauline authority of this letter.
There are many issues in 1 Timothy. These will be added as identified and/or needed, and then filled out with more detail.
Here, we look at style and content in 1 Timothy 1 for content that does not appear to fit the style of Paul. Many parts appear to have logical issue.
In letters that appear very much to have been written by Paul, there is an intricate structure and, when the Greek is properly translated, are difficult to find logical errors in what he says.
5. Table of contrasts
1 Timothy style |
Pauline style |
specific rules |
general rules |
specific sins of named people |
general sins of unnamed people |
imperative (how to do it) |
declarative (what to do) |
passive |
active |
random structure |
intricate structure |
separate ideas |
interconnected ideas |
glorifies church leadership structure |
glorifies individual behaviors in the church |
This table is a general summary of the style. There are exceptions to any rule. The contrast in general is more important than specific examples that do not follow the rules.
When writing a forged prequel, one could use many of the same words or phrases (e.g., in the introduction or ending) and change a few selected words.
6. Sequels and prequels
1. From the time of Aristotle (and before) through the time of the Early Church Fathers (and beyond), writing a work anonymously and attributing it to someone else who was more well known was not unusual.
2. A
sequel is a work that follows the original work. Many sequels do not live up to the expectations of the original work.
3. A
prequel is a that is written to precede the original work. The Star Wars episodes are a famous example of
prequels.
In writing such a
forgery, it is easier to write a
prequel rather than a
sequel. One can use the original and include a few desired things (rules, policies). A
sequel would require intimate knowledge of events after the original.
7. Introduction line from Paul
1 Timothy 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Saviour, and Lord Jesus Christ, which is our hope; [kjv]
παυλος αποστολος χριστου ιησου κατ επιταγην θεου σωτηρος ημων και χριστου ιησου της ελπιδος ημων [gnt]
2 Timothy 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus, [kjv]
παυλος αποστολος χριστου ιησου δια θεληματος θεου κατ επαγγελιαν ζωης της εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]
1 Timothy |
2 Timothy |
commandment of God |
will/desire of God |
hope/expectation of Jesus |
promise of life in Jesus |
8. 1 Timothy 1:1
KJV: Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Saviour, and Lord Jesus Christ, which is our hope;
Greek: παυλος αποστολος ιησου χριστου ιησου κατ επιταγην θεου σωτηρος ημων και κυριου ιησου χριστου ιησου της ελπιδος ημων
9. 2 Timothy 1:1
KJV: Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus,
Greek: παυλος αποστολος ιησου χριστου ιησου δια θεληματος θεου κατ επαγγελιαν ζωης της εν χριστω ιησου
10. Titus 1:3
Titus 1:3 But hath in due times manifested his word through preaching, which is committed unto me according to the commandment of God our Saviour; [kjv]
εφανερωσεν δε καιροις ιδιοις τον λογον αυτου εν κηρυγματι ο επιστευθην εγω κατ επιταγην του σωτηρος ημων θεου [gnt]
This claim of a "
commandment" to "
me" seems to be a bold claim.
11. Titus 1:3
KJV: But hath in due times manifested his word through preaching, which is committed unto me according to the commandment of God our Saviour;
Greek: εφανερωσεν δε καιροις ιδιοις τον λογον αυτου εν κηρυγματι ο επιστευθην εγω κατ επιταγην του σωτηρος ημων θεου
12. Introduction line to Timothy
1 Timothy 1:2 Unto Timothy, my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord. [kjv]
τιμοθεω γνησιω τεκνω εν πιστει χαρις ελεος ειρηνη απο θεου πατρος και χριστου ιησου του κυριου ημων [gnt]
2 Timothy 1:2 To Timothy, my dearly beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. [kjv]
τιμοθεω αγαπητω τεκνω χαρις ελεος ειρηνη απο θεου πατρος και χριστου ιησου του κυριου ημων [gnt]
1 Timothy |
2 Timothy |
own son |
dearly beloved son |
The ancient Greek word
"τίκτω" ≈ "beget, give birth, bear, produce" and is related to
"τέκτων" ≈ "builder, carpenter, craftsman" and
"τέχνη" ≈ "craft, skill, trade" and is the source of the English word
"technical" and the first part of
"technology".
13. 1 Timothy 1:2
KJV: Unto Timothy, my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord.
Greek: τιμοθεω γνησιω τεκνω εν πιστει χαρις ελεος ειρηνη απο θεου πατρος ημων και χριστου ιησου του κυριου ημων
14. 2 Timothy 1:2
KJV: To Timothy, my dearly beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.
Greek: τιμοθεω αγαπητω τεκνω χαρις ελεος ειρηνη απο θεου πατρος και χριστου ιησου του κυριου ημων
15. 1 Timothy 1:3
1 Timothy 1:3 As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia, that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other doctrine, [kjv]
καθως παρεκαλεσα σε προσμειναι εν εφεσω πορευομενος εις μακεδονιαν ινα παραγγειλης τισιν μη ετεροδιδασκαλειν [gnt]
The "no other (different) doctrine" does not clearly specify the "doctrine".
Is commanding or charging someone
not to teach something making oneself God? Is this in line with the conflict resolution protocol given by Jesus in Matthew 18?
Might it be better to point out which parts of what is taught are not appropriate and why?
16. Conflict resolution paraphrase of Matthew 18:15-17
Paraphrase 1:
If you think than someone has done something wrong, go and work out the details with the other person. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved.
Paraphrase 2:
If the conflict has not been resolved, take two or three along to document the arguments on both sides. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved.
Paraphrase 3:
If the conflict has not been resolved, let the church know. If it is worked out, the conflict has been resolved. If it is not worked out, then separate from that person/group.
17. Galatians 1:6-9
Galatians 1:6 I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel: [kjv]
θαυμαζω οτι ουτως ταχεως μετατιθεσθε απο του καλεσαντος υμας εν χαριτι χριστου εις ετερον ευαγγελιον [gnt]
1:7 Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ. [kjv]
ο ουκ εστιν αλλο ει μη τινες εισιν οι ταρασσοντες υμας και θελοντες μεταστρεψαι το ευαγγελιον του χριστου [gnt]
1:8 But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. [kjv]
αλλα και εαν ημεις η αγγελος εξ ουρανου ευαγγελισηται υμιν παρ ο ευηγγελισαμεθα υμιν αναθεμα εστω [gnt]
1:9 As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed. [kjv]
ως προειρηκαμεν και αρτι παλιν λεγω ει τις υμας ευαγγελιζεται παρ ο παρελαβετε αναθεμα εστω [gnt]
At the start of Paul's letter to the Galatians, Paul is clear about the Gospel, who taught it, and any other (different) Gospel.
18. Galatians 1:6
KJV: I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel:
Greek: θαυμαζω οτι ουτως ταχεως μετατιθεσθε απο του καλεσαντος υμας εν χαριτι χριστου εις ετερον ευαγγελιον
19. Galatians 1:7
KJV: Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.
Greek: ο ουκ εστιν αλλο ει μη τινες εισιν οι ταρασσοντες υμας και θελοντες μεταστρεψαι το ευαγγελιον του χριστου
20. Galatians 1:8
KJV: But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed.
Greek: αλλα και εαν ημεις η αγγελος εξ ουρανου ευαγγελιζηται ευαγγελισηται υμιν παρ ο ευηγγελισαμεθα υμιν αναθεμα εστω
21. Galatians 1:9
KJV: As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.
Greek: ως προειρηκαμεν και αρτι παλιν λεγω ει τις υμας ευαγγελιζεται παρ ο παρελαβετε αναθεμα εστω
22. Mythical stories about history
2 Timothy 4:4 And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables. [kjv]
και απο μεν της αληθειας την ακοην αποστρεψουσιν επι δε τους μυθους εκτραπησονται [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"μῦθος" ≈ "speech, story" with the idea that what is said or told is more false than true. There is no consensus as to the origin of this word. In Greek, there were (at least) two types of explanations of previous events: myth and history.
A "myth" was a story that was more false than true.
A "history" was a story that was more true than false.
In the mid 1800's, this distinction went binary as either almost completely true or completely false.
The same words are connected to the Latin
"fable", the Greek "
parable", the Spanish
"hablar" (speak) the French "
Parlez" (speak) and the English "
history".
23. 1 Timothy 1:4
1 Timothy 1:4 Neither give heed to fables and endless genealogies, which minister questions, rather than godly edifying which is in faith: so do. [kjv]
μηδε προσεχειν μυθοις και γενεαλογιαις απεραντοις αιτινες εκζητησεις παρεχουσιν μαλλον η οικονομιαν θεου την εν πιστει [gnt]
Likewise, the general "myths" and "endless genealogies" is not very specific.
The ancient Greek word
"μῦθος" ≈ "speech, story" with the idea that what is said or told is more false than true. There is no consensus as to the origin of this word.
The verse says that they "
minister questions". Does not the
truth also "
minister questions"? That something brings up questions is not a deciding factor.
The ancient Greek word
"ἀπέραντος" ≈ "vast, endless, boundless".
24. Strongs - endless
- *G562 *1 ἀπέραντος (ap-er'-an-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and a secondary derivative of G4008; unfinished, i.e. (by implication) interminable:--endless.
- απεραντοις
- 1 Timothy 1:4 Neither give heed to fables and endless genealogies, which minister ...
25. Usage - endless
*G562 *1 ἀπέραντος (ap-er'-an-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and a secondary derivative of G4008; unfinished, i.e. (by implication) interminable:--endless.
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Words: απεραντοις
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26. Strongs - genealogies
- *G1076 *2 γενεαλογία (ghen-eh-al-og-ee'-ah) : from the same as G1075; tracing by generations, i.e. "genealogy":--genealogy.
- γενεαλογιαις
- 1 Timothy 1:4 ... fables and endless genealogies, which minister questions, ...
- γενεαλογιας
- Titus 3:9 ... foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and ...
27. Usage - genealogies
*G1076 *2 γενεαλογία (ghen-eh-al-og-ee'-ah) : from the same as G1075; tracing by generations, i.e. "genealogy":--genealogy.
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Words: γενεαλογιαις γενεαλογιας
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The Greek word for "
geneologies" is used only in (disputed) 1 Timothy (once), Titus (once), with a similar word used in (disputed) Hebrews.
Hebrews 7:6 But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises. [kjv]
ο δε μη γενεαλογουμενος εξ αυτων δεδεκατωκεν αβρααμ και τον εχοντα τας επαγγελιας ευλογηκεν [gnt]
28. Hebrews 7:6
KJV: But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises.
Greek: ο δε μη γενεαλογουμενος εξ αυτων δεδεκατωκεν τον αβρααμ και τον εχοντα τας επαγγελιας ευλογηκεν
29. Titus 3:9
Titus 3:9 But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain. [kjv]
μωρας δε ζητησεις και γενεαλογιας και εριν και μαχας νομικας περιιστασο εισιν γαρ ανωφελεις και ματαιοι [gnt]
The Greek translated as "
questions" is that of "
asks" (in the "
ask", "
seek", "
knock" sequence) which can be
abstract "
questions" or "
asks" for
concrete things.
The Greek for "
strivings" as that of "
battles".
How does one know to avoid a question without knowing what the question is?
Do you not want people to ask questions?
Are you assuming that such a question is (automatically) a stupid question.
The wording is not clear as to how to make the distinction.
30. Meta-questions
Can I ask a question? You just asked a question.
A
meta-question is a question about questions.
Did you mean, can I ask
another question? The first question was a
meta-question.
When a new cadet (in the first year) at West Point needed to ask an upper-class cadet a question, one needed to say (before 1976 when women were admitted) "
Sir, may I ask a question?".
Some upper-class cadets would respond, "
You just did ask a question.". The new cadet was required to ask (that upper-class cadet) "
Sir, may I ask another question?".
A
meta-problem is a problem about problems. Are some people a problem about being a problem?
31. Titus 3:9
KJV: But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain.
Greek: μωρας δε ζητησεις και γενεαλογιας και ερεις εριν και μαχας νομικας περιιστασο εισιν γαρ ανωφελεις και ματαιοι
32. 1 Timothy 1:3
KJV: As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia, that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other doctrine,
Greek: καθως παρεκαλεσα σε προσμειναι εν εφεσω πορευομενος εις μακεδονιαν ινα παραγγειλης τισιν μη ετεροδιδασκαλειν
33. 1 Timothy 1:4
KJV: Neither give heed to fables and endless genealogies, which minister questions, rather than godly edifying which is in faith: so do.
Greek: μηδε προσεχειν μυθοις και γενεαλογιαις απεραντοις αιτινες ζητησεις εκζητησεις παρεχουσιν μαλλον η οικονομιαν θεου την εν πιστει
34. 1 Timothy 1:5
1 Timothy 1:5 Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned: [kjv]
το δε τελος της παραγγελιας εστιν αγαπη εκ καθαρας καρδιας και συνειδησεως αγαθης και πιστεως ανυποκριτου [gnt]
The Greek translated as "
end" is that of "
purpose" where the English "
end" has multiple meanings, one of which is "
purpose".
The Greek translated as "
commandment" is that of an "
announcement" as in the
Good News.
The Greek word translated as "
unfeigned" is that of "
not acting" where the Greek word for "
acting" is translated as "
hypocrite" which today, has a
different meaning.
What is the difference in the following? (black box model)
☐ Doing something with a "
pure heart", "
good conscience", or "
faith" "
un-acted".
☐ Doing something because Jesus wants you to do it.
35. 1 Timothy 1:5
KJV: Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned:
Greek: το δε τελος της παραγγελιας εστιν αγαπη εκ καθαρας καρδιας και συνειδησεως αγαθης και πιστεως ανυποκριτου
36. 1 Timothy 1:6 Swerve
1 Timothy 1:6 From which some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling; [kjv]
ων τινες αστοχησαντες εξετραπησαν εις ματαιολογιαν [gnt]
The Greek translated as "swerved" is that of, literally, "not on target" or "missing the mark".
The Greek translated as "turned aside" is used three times in 1 Timothy, one time in 2 Timothy, and once in Hebrews.
37. Strongs - turned aside
- *G1624 *5 ἐκτρέπω (ek-trep'-o) : from G1537 and the base of G5157; to deflect, i.e. turn away (literally or figuratively):--avoid, turn (aside, out of the way).
- εξετραπησαν *2
- 1 Timothy 1:6 From which some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling;
- 1 Timothy 5:15 For some are already turned aside after Satan.
- εκτρεπομενος
- 1 Timothy 6:20 O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and ...
- εκτραπησονται
- 2 Timothy 4:4 ... from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables.
- εκτραπη
- Hebrews 12:13 ... feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.
38. Usage - turned aside
*G1624 *5 ἐκτρέπω (ek-trep'-o) : from G1537 and the base of G5157; to deflect, i.e. turn away (literally or figuratively):--avoid, turn (aside, out of the way).
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Words: εκτραπη εκτραπησονται εκτρεπομενος εξετραπησαν=2
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39. 1 Timothy 1:6
KJV: From which some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling;
Greek: ων τινες αστοχησαντες εξετραπησαν εις ματαιολογιαν
40. 1 Timothy 5:15
1 Timothy 5:15 For some are already turned aside after Satan. [kjv]
ηδη γαρ τινες εξετραπησαν οπισω του σατανα [gnt]
The author is
bold to drop the name of "
Satan" many times.
The name "
Satan", from the Hebrew (and Greek), has the meaning of the "
accuser". Here, Paul is playing the role of an "
accuser".
41. 1 Timothy 5:15
KJV: For some are already turned aside after Satan.
Greek: ηδη γαρ τινες εξετραπησαν οπισω του σατανα
42. 1 Timothy 6:20
1 Timothy 6:20 O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: [kjv]
ω τιμοθεε την παραθηκην φυλαξον εκτρεπομενος τας βεβηλους κενοφωνιας και αντιθεσεις της ψευδωνυμου γνωσεως [gnt]
43. 1 Timothy 6:20
KJV: O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called:
Greek: ω τιμοθεε την παρακαταθηκην παραθηκην φυλαξον εκτρεπομενος τας βεβηλους κενοφωνιας και αντιθεσεις της ψευδωνυμου γνωσεως
44. 2 Timothy 4:4
2 Timothy 4:4 And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables. [kjv]
και απο μεν της αληθειας την ακοην αποστρεψουσιν επι δε τους μυθους εκτραπησονται [gnt]
… veritate … auditum … fabulas … [v]
45. Hebrews 12:13
Hebrews 12:13 And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed. [kjv]
και τροχιας ορθας ποιειτε τοις ποσιν υμων ινα μη το χωλον εκτραπη ιαθη δε μαλλον [gnt]
46. Hebrews 12:13
KJV: And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.
Greek: και τροχιας ορθας ποιησατε ποιειτε τοις ποσιν υμων ινα μη το χωλον εκτραπη ιαθη δε μαλλον
47. 1 Timothy 1:7
1 Timothy 1:7 Desiring to be teachers of the law; understanding neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm. [kjv]
θελοντες ειναι νομοδιδασκαλοι μη νοουντες μητε α λεγουσιν μητε περι τινων διαβεβαιουνται [gnt]
To which "
law" does this refer?
This verse implicitly affirms the "
law". But which "
law"?
Do they not understand what they say?
Does Paul not understand what they say?
Do they not know what they affirm?
Does Paul not know what they affirm?
Why would such certain statements be made of what appears to be nebulous ideas?
48. Example field
1 Timothy 1:7 Desiring to be teachers of the law; understanding neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm. [kjv]
θελοντες ειναι νομοδιδασκαλοι μη νοουντες μητε α λεγουσιν μητε περι τινων διαβεβαιουνται [gnt]
A field such as described would be computer science. Many (especially smaller) colleges and universities have computer science departments. Very few of these professors have a computer science degree. And even fewer have actual real world experience in the field (as in having been paid a lot of money to do what they are teaching). Those faculty desire to be teachers of the field since that field pays a lot more money than the field in which they hold their degrees (for some of those fields, they would not be able to get a job on the outside).
49. 1 Timothy 1:7
KJV: Desiring to be teachers of the law; understanding neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm.
Greek: θελοντες ειναι νομοδιδασκαλοι μη νοουντες μητε α λεγουσιν μητε περι τινων διαβεβαιουνται
50. 1 Timothy 1:8
1 Timothy 1:8 But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully; [kjv]
οιδαμεν δε οτι καλος ο νομος εαν τις αυτω νομιμως χρηται [gnt]
To which "
law" does this refer?
☐ Is man's law "
good"? Did Jesus have this view?
☐ Is God's law "
good"? Did Jesus have this view?
To use the "
law" "
lawfully" is a reflexive reference which results in a "
fixed point".
This is continued in the next verse.
51. 1 Timothy 1:8
KJV: But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully;
Greek: οιδαμεν δε οτι καλος ο νομος εαν τις αυτω νομιμως χρηται
52. 1 Timothy 1:9 Laws and righteousness
1 Timothy 1:9 Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, [kjv]
ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατρολωαις και μητρολωαις ανδροφονοις [gnt]
To what "
righteousness" does this verse refer?
☐ man's righteousness
☐ God's righteousness
Is it true that that there is
no need for "
law" if everyone were "
godly"?
The list provided appears to be that of a "
straw man" which can then be knocked down to prove a point.
53. 1 Timothy 1:9
KJV: Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers,
Greek: ειδως τουτο οτι δικαιω νομος ου κειται ανομοις δε και ανυποτακτοις ασεβεσιν και αμαρτωλοις ανοσιοις και βεβηλοις πατραλωαις πατρολωαις και μητραλωαις μητρολωαις ανδροφονοις
54. 1 Timothy 1:10
1 Timothy 1:10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; [kjv]
πορνοις αρσενοκοιταις ανδραποδισταις ψευσταις επιορκοις και ει τι ετερον τη υγιαινουση διδασκαλια αντικειται [gnt]
The list is continued. This is a rather long and specific list.
55. 1 Timothy 1:10
KJV: For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine;
Greek: πορνοις αρσενοκοιταις ανδραποδισταις ψευσταις επιορκοις και ει τι ετερον τη υγιαινουση διδασκαλια αντικειται
56. 1 Timothy 1:11
1 Timothy 1:11 According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust. [kjv]
κατα το ευαγγελιον της δοξης του μακαριου θεου ο επιστευθην εγω [gnt]
The Greek word for "
glory" is that of "
opinion". Over time it acquired the meaning in line with how most people define "
glory" today. The only other place where the "
gospel" or "
Good News" is called "
glorious" is in 2 Corinthians 4:4.
There are very few places where the Greek word for "
happy" is used to describe God. This Greek word for "
happy" did, over time, change meaning to that of what would be called "
blessed". This is the only place I can find this combination. It is common to have people described as "
happy" but
not God.
Paul is saying that this "
Good News" was committed to "
his trust". Is there not anyone else (e.g., the other apostles who walked and talked with Jesus) to which this "
Good News" was committed?
57. 1 Timothy 1:11
KJV: According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust.
Greek: κατα το ευαγγελιον της δοξης του μακαριου θεου ο επιστευθην εγω
58. 2 Corinthians 4:3
KJV: But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost:
Greek: ει δε και εστιν κεκαλυμμενον το ευαγγελιον ημων εν τοις απολλυμενοις εστιν κεκαλυμμενον
2 Corinthians 4:3 But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost: [kjv]
ει δε και εστιν κεκαλυμμενον το ευαγγελιον ημων εν τοις απολλυμενοις εστιν κεκαλυμμενον [gnt]
4:4 In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them. [kjv]
εν οις ο θεος του αιωνος τουτου ετυφλωσεν τα νοηματα των απιστων εις το μη αυγασαι τον φωτισμον του ευαγγελιου της δοξης του χριστου ος εστιν εικων του θεου [gnt]
4:5 For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake. [kjv]
ου γαρ εαυτους κηρυσσομεν αλλα χριστον ιησουν κυριον εαυτους δε δουλους υμων δια ιησουν [gnt]
In context, the "
glorious" "
gospel" is the "
opinion" of Christ. This becomes obvious at the start of the next verse.
This is not clear from context (there is none) in 1 Timothy 1:11. Such a statement should require some explicit context.
59. 2 Corinthians 4:4
KJV: In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them.
Greek: εν οις ο θεος του αιωνος τουτου ετυφλωσεν τα νοηματα των απιστων εις το μη αυγασαι αυτοις τον φωτισμον του ευαγγελιου της δοξης του χριστου ος εστιν εικων του θεου
60. 2 Corinthians 4:5
KJV: For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake.
Greek: ου γαρ εαυτους κηρυσσομεν αλλα χριστον ιησουν κυριον εαυτους δε δουλους υμων δια ιησουν
61. 1 Timothy 1:12
1 Timothy 1:12 And I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that he counted me faithful, putting me into the ministry; [kjv]
χαριν εχω τω ενδυναμωσαντι με χριστω ιησου τω κυριω ημων οτι πιστον με ηγησατο θεμενος εις διακονιαν [gnt]
Discuss:
☐ Does this verse "
glorify" "
ministry" as in the leadership of the church?
☐ Does this verse "
glorify" "
ministry" with respect to the goal of reaching those who need the Good News?
62. 1 Timothy 1:12
KJV: And I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that he counted me faithful, putting me into the ministry;
Greek: και χαριν εχω τω ενδυναμωσαντι με χριστω ιησου τω κυριω ημων οτι πιστον με ηγησατο θεμενος εις διακονιαν
63. 1 Timothy 1:13
1 Timothy 1:13 Who was before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious: but I obtained mercy, because I did it ignorantly in unbelief. [kjv]
το προτερον οντα βλασφημον και διωκτην και υβριστην αλλα ηλεηθην οτι αγνοων εποιησα εν απιστια [gnt]
The Greek word translated "
injurious" is that of "
hubris" and is the source of the English word
"hubris".
Who did Paul previously "blaspheme"? Was it God?
To what "unbelief" is Paul referring?
Of what was Paul "ignorant"?
Discuss:
☐ Did Paul receive "
mercy" because he did it "
ignorantly" in "
unbelief"?
☐ Did Paul receive "
mercy" because God chose him to be a "
chosen" "
vessel"?
64. 1 Timothy 1:13
KJV: Who was before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious: but I obtained mercy, because I did it ignorantly in unbelief.
Greek: τον το προτερον οντα βλασφημον και διωκτην και υβριστην αλλ αλλα ηλεηθην οτι αγνοων εποιησα εν απιστια
65. 1 Timothy 1:14
1 Timothy 1:14 And the grace of our Lord was exceeding abundant with faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. [kjv]
υπερεπλεονασεν δε η χαρις του κυριου ημων μετα πιστεως και αγαπης της εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]
Is the superlative "
exceeding abundant" needed here? Would a word such as "
sufficient" be appropriate?
☐ Is "
faith" and "
love" (inherently) "
in" "
Christ" "
Jesus"? (what the verse says)
☐ Do you need to have "
faith" and "
love" "
in" "
Christ" "
Jesus"?
The Greek word translated "
grace" is that of "
favor".
66. 1 Timothy 1:14
KJV: And the grace of our Lord was exceeding abundant with faith and love which is in Christ Jesus.
Greek: υπερεπλεονασεν δε η χαρις του κυριου ημων μετα πιστεως και αγαπης της εν χριστω ιησου
67. 2 Corinthians 12:9
2 Corinthians 12:9 And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me. [kjv]
και ειρηκεν μοι αρκει σοι η χαρις μου η γαρ δυναμις εν ασθενεια τελειται ηδιστα ουν μαλλον καυχησομαι εν ταις ασθενειαις ινα επισκηνωση επ εμε η δυναμις του χριστου [gnt]
68. 2 Corinthians 12:9
KJV: And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me.
Greek: και ειρηκεν μοι αρκει σοι η χαρις μου η γαρ δυναμις μου εν ασθενεια τελειουται τελειται ηδιστα ουν μαλλον καυχησομαι εν ταις ασθενειαις μου ινα επισκηνωση επ εμε η δυναμις του χριστου
69. 1 Timothy 1:15
1 Timothy 1:15 This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief. [kjv]
πιστος ο λογος και πασης αποδοχης αξιος οτι χριστος ιησους ηλθεν εις τον κοσμον αμαρτωλους σωσαι ων πρωτος ειμι εγω [gnt]
Is everyone a "sinner"?
Who did Jesus not come into the world to save?
Paul uses the Greek phrase "
into the world" only in the following places.
Romans 5:12
1 Timothy 1:35 (disputed)
1 Timothy 6:7 (disputed)
Hebrews 10:5 (disputed)
70. 1 Timothy 1:15
KJV: This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief.
Greek: πιστος ο λογος και πασης αποδοχης αξιος οτι χριστος ιησους ηλθεν εις τον κοσμον αμαρτωλους σωσαι ων πρωτος ειμι εγω
71. Matthew 9:12-13 Paraphrase
Matthew 9:12 But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick. [kjv]
9:13 But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice: for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. [kjv]
The strong (who oppress the harmed) are righteous (in their own eyes) and do not want the healer (Jesus).
The harmed (who are oppressed by the strong) want a healer (Jesus).
Mercy is needed from the strong (who oppress) and not sacrifice from the harmed (as man's additions to God's laws).
I have not come to call the righteous (in their own eyes) as they do not want the healer (Jesus). (They will not listen nor repent)
I have come to call the sinners as they want the healer (Jesus). (They, at least, will listen and may or may not repent.)
72. Romans 5:12
Romans 5:12 Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned: [kjv]
δια τουτο ωσπερ δι ενος ανθρωπου η αμαρτια εις τον κοσμον εισηλθεν και δια της αμαρτιας ο θανατος και ουτως εις παντας ανθρωπους ο θανατος διηλθεν εφ ω παντες ημαρτον [gnt]
73. Romans 5:12
KJV: Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:
Greek: δια τουτο ωσπερ δι ενος ανθρωπου η αμαρτια εις τον κοσμον εισηλθεν και δια της αμαρτιας ο θανατος και ουτως εις παντας ανθρωπους ο θανατος διηλθεν εφ ω παντες ημαρτον
74. 1 Timothy 6:7
1 Timothy 6:7 For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry no thing out. [kjv]
ουδεν γαρ εισηνεγκαμεν εις τον κοσμον οτι ουδε εξενεγκειν τι δυναμεθα [gnt]
In a sense, we
ourself are brought "
into the world".
75. 1 Timothy 6:7
KJV: For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry no thing out.
Greek: ουδεν γαρ εισηνεγκαμεν εις τον κοσμον δηλον οτι ουδε εξενεγκειν τι δυναμεθα
76. Hebrews 10:5
Hebrews 10:5 Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: [kjv]
διο εισερχομενος εις τον κοσμον λεγει θυσιαν και προσφοραν ουκ ηθελησας σωμα δε κατηρτισω μοι [gnt]
77. Hebrews 10:5
KJV: Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me:
Greek: διο εισερχομενος εις τον κοσμον λεγει θυσιαν και προσφοραν ουκ ηθελησας σωμα δε κατηρτισω μοι
78. 1 Timothy 1:16
1 Timothy 1:16 Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might shew forth all longsuffering, for a pattern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting. [kjv]
αλλα δια τουτο ηλεηθην ινα εν εμοι πρωτω ενδειξηται χριστος ιησους την απασαν μακροθυμιαν προς υποτυπωσιν των μελλοντων πιστευειν επ αυτω εις ζωην αιωνιον [gnt]
Is this pattern seen in "
me" "
first" somewhat egotistical on the part of Paul.
79. 1 Timothy 1:16
KJV: Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might shew forth all longsuffering, for a pattern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting.
Greek: αλλα δια τουτο ηλεηθην ινα εν εμοι πρωτω ενδειξηται ιησους χριστος ιησους την πασαν απασαν μακροθυμιαν προς υποτυπωσιν των μελλοντων πιστευειν επ αυτω εις ζωην αιωνιον
80. 1 Timothy 1:17
1 Timothy 1:17 Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen. [kjv]
τω δε βασιλει των αιωνων αφθαρτω αορατω μονω θεω τιμη και δοξα εις τους αιωνας των αιωνων αμην [gnt]
Jesus is both Messiah and King. Here, Paul only mentions King.
81. 1 Timothy 1:17
KJV: Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen.
Greek: τω δε βασιλει των αιωνων αφθαρτω αορατω μονω σοφω θεω τιμη και δοξα εις τους αιωνας των αιωνων αμην
82. Jesus as Messiah and King
In the Bible, Jesus has two roles:
Messiah and
King.
|
Jesus as Messiah and King |
Jesus |
Messiah |
King |
First coming |
Second coming |
Kinsman redeemer |
Avenger of Blood |
Love God and neighbor |
Love God and neighbor |
|
The Jews at the time of Christ expected both and were disappointed in the "
first coming". The phrase "
Thy kingdom come" refers to that "
second coming" to replace the "
evil rulers" of this world with "
Christ" as "
King". Many details are in Revelation.
This idea shifted in the 4th century when the church hierarchy became employed by those "
evil rulers".
83. Messiah and Saviour
Jesus is our Messiah (Savior), in Hebrew, the "
ma-shee-ack". The Messiah is associated with the "
kinsman redeemer". Many details are in the book of Ruth.
Jesus is also our King (Prince), in Hebrew, the "
na-geed". The King is associated with the "
avenger of blood". Many details are in the book of Revelation.
84. 1 Timothy 1:18
1 Timothy 1:18 This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a good warfare; [kjv]
ταυτην την παραγγελιαν παρατιθεμαι σοι τεκνον τιμοθεε κατα τας προαγουσας επι σε προφητειας ινα στρατευη εν αυταις την καλην στρατειαν [gnt]
What are the "
prophesies" to which Paul is referring?
Unlike Ephesians 6, where all the spiritual warfare analogies refer to previous parts of the letter, this statement on "
war" and "
warfare" appears without context.
85. 1 Timothy 1:18
KJV: This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a good warfare;
Greek: ταυτην την παραγγελιαν παρατιθεμαι σοι τεκνον τιμοθεε κατα τας προαγουσας επι σε προφητειας ινα στρατευη εν αυταις την καλην στρατειαν
86. 1 Timothy 1:19
1 Timothy 1:19 Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck: [kjv]
εχων πιστιν και αγαθην συνειδησιν ην τινες απωσαμενοι περι την πιστιν εναυαγησαν [gnt]
To what does the "
shipwreck" reference refer? Are we to be judges of others in this way?
87. 1 Timothy 1:19
KJV: Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck:
Greek: εχων πιστιν και αγαθην συνειδησιν ην τινες απωσαμενοι περι την πιστιν εναυαγησαν
88. Strongs - conscience
- *G4893 *31 συνείδησις (soon-i'-day-sis) : from a prolonged form of G4894; co-perception, i.e. moral consciousness:--conscience.
- συνειδησιν *16
- Acts 24:16 ... myself, to have always a conscience void of offence toward God, ...
- Romans 13:5 ... but also for conscience sake.
- 1 Corinthians 8:12 ... wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ.
- 1 Corinthians 10:25 ... no question for conscience sake:
- 1 Corinthians 10:27 ... no question for conscience sake.
- 1 Corinthians 10:28 ... his sake that shewed it, and for conscience sake: for the earth is the Lord's, ...
- 1 Corinthians 10:29 Conscience, I say, not thine own, but of the other: for why is my liberty judged of another man's conscience?
- 2 Corinthians 4:2 ... to every man's conscience in the sight of God.
- 1 Timothy 1:19 Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away ...
- 1 Timothy 4:2 ... hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron;
- Hebrews 9:9 ... him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience;
- Hebrews 9:14 ... to God, purge your conscience from dead works ...
- Hebrews 10:2 ... should have had no more conscience of sins.
- Hebrews 13:18 ... we trust we have a good conscience, in all things ...
- 1 Peter 2:19 ... if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, ...
- 1 Peter 3:16 Having a good conscience; that, whereas they speak evil ...
- συνειδησεως *8
- John 8:53 Art thou greater than our father Abraham, ...
- Romans 2:15 ... their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts ...
- Romans 9:1 ... I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness ...
- 1 Corinthians 10:29 Conscience, I say, not thine own, but of the other: for why is my liberty judged of another man's conscience?
- 2 Corinthians 1:12 ... this, the testimony of our conscience, that in simplicity ...
- 1 Timothy 1:5 ... heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned:
- Hebrews 10:22 ... sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies ...
- 1 Peter 3:21 ... but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by ...
- συνειδησει *3
- Acts 23:1 ... have lived in all good conscience before God until this day.
- 1 Timothy 3:9 ... of the faith in a pure conscience.
- 2 Timothy 1:3 ... my forefathers with pure conscience, that without ceasing I have ...
- συνειδησις *3
- 1 Corinthians 8:7 ... for some with conscience of the idol unto this hour eat it as a thing offered unto an idol; and their conscience being weak is defiled.
- 1 Corinthians 8:10 ... the idol's temple, shall not the conscience of him which is weak ...
- Titus 1:15 ... their mind and conscience is defiled.
- συνειδησεσιν
- 2 Corinthians 5:11 ... are made manifest in your consciences.
89. Usage - conscience
*G4893 *31 συνείδησις (soon-i'-day-sis) : from a prolonged form of G4894; co-perception, i.e. moral consciousness:--conscience.
|
Words: συνειδησει=3 συνειδησεσιν συνειδησεως=8 συνειδησιν=16 συνειδησις=3
|
90. 1 Timothy 1:20
1 Timothy 1:20 Of whom is Hymenaeus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme. [kjv]
ων εστιν υμεναιος και αλεξανδρος ους παρεδωκα τω σατανα ινα παιδευθωσιν μη βλασφημειν [gnt]
So Paul is so
bold as to have the
power to "
deliver" others to "
Satan". Unlike other places (e.g., Philippians) where Paul appears to use a generic descriptive name where those at that church would, from the description, know to whom it refers, here Paul appears to use actual names.
The name "
Satan", from the Hebrew (and Greek), has the meaning of the "
accuser". Here, Paul is playing the role of an "
accuser".
91. 1 Timothy 1:20
KJV: Of whom is Hymenaeus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme.
Greek: ων εστιν υμεναιος και αλεξανδρος ους παρεδωκα τω σατανα ινα παιδευθωσιν μη βλασφημειν
92. Writing style
In this first chapter of 1 Timothy, I could not find the following.
play on words
references to Greek philosophy
a clear path of reasoning (rather, a series of somewhat random claims)
93. End of page