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2 Timothy 4:1-5 The moving ethics of tinnitus and itching ears
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1. 2 Timothy 4:1-5 The moving ethics of tinnitus and itching ears

2. 2 Timothy 4:3
 All 
KJV: For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears;
Greek: εσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας επιθυμιας τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην
Latin: erit enim tempus cum sanam doctrinam non sustinebunt sed ad sua desideria coacervabunt sibi magistros prurientes auribus
Wycliffe: For tyme schal be, whanne men schulen not suffre hoolsum teching, but at her desiris thei schulen gadere `togidere to hem silf maistris yitchinge to the eeris.

3. 2 Timothy 4:4
 All 
KJV: And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables.
Greek: και απο μεν της αληθειας την ακοην αποστρεψουσιν επι δε τους μυθους εκτραπησονται
Latin: et a veritate quidem auditum avertent ad fabulas autem convertentur

4. Tinnitus
Tinnitus is a perception of sound in the brain that does not have an external source. The Latin word "tinnitus""jingling, ringing" from "tinnio""ring, jingle".

The ancient Greek word"κύμβαλον""cymbal" and is a diminutive from "κύμβη""hollow of a vessel".
That is, others cannot hear it. To those who have it, the condition can be very distressing.

Some Bible verses create sounds in the brain where the original words do not have that meaning (that would create those sounds).

5. 1 Corinthians 13:1
Verse route1 Corinthians 13:1 Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν ταις γλωσσαις των ανθρωπων λαλω και των αγγελων αγαπην δε μη εχω γεγονα χαλκος ηχων η κυμβαλον αλαλαζον [gnt]
Verse routesonans aut cymbalum tinniens [v]

The Latin word "tinnitus""jingling, ringing" from "tinnio""ring, jingle".

Information sign More: A tongue in cheek model for Pentecost
Information sign More: A security model for speaking in tongues

6. 1 Corinthians 13:1
 All 
KJV: Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.
Greek: εαν ταις γλωσσαις των ανθρωπων λαλω και των αγγελων αγαπην δε μη εχω γεγονα χαλκος ηχων η κυμβαλον αλαλαζον
Latin: si linguis hominum loquar et angelorum caritatem autem non habeam factus sum velut aes sonans aut cymbalum tinniens

7. 2 Timothy 4:1-5 The moving ethics of tinnitus and itching ears
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]

What does it mean to have "itching" "ears"?

Can one "scratch" an "itch"? Can one "itch" a "scratch"? Let us "scratch" the surface.

Paul warns Timothy, Bishop of Ephesus, that people will eventually get "teachers" that teach them what they want to hear - having "itching" "ears".

8. Scratch and Alice
Scratch programming systemMIT has a programming system oriented towards kids called "Scratch".

Web site: https://scratch.mit.edu/ (as of 2024-02-12)

If you have an "itch" for programming, you may want to try "Scratch".

Alice programming systemThe Carnegie-Melon system for programming is "Alice".

Web site: http://www.alice.org/ (as of 2024-02-12)

9. Mythical stories about history
Verse route2 Timothy 4:4 And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι απο μεν της αληθειας την ακοην αποστρεψουσιν επι δε τους μυθους εκτραπησονται [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "μῦθος""speech, story" with the idea that what is said or told is more false than true. There is no consensus as to the origin of this word. In Greek, there were (at least) two types of explanations of previous events: myth and history. In the mid 1800's, this distinction went binary as either almost completely true or completely false.

The same words are connected to the Latin "fable", the Greek "parable", the Spanish "hablar" (speak) the French "Parlez" (speak) and the English "history".

Information sign More: Mythical stories about history

10. 2 Timothy 4:1
For context, here is the first verse of the chapter.

Verse route2 Timothy 4:1 I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom; [kjv]
Verse routeδιαμαρτυρομαι ενωπιον του θεου και χριστου ιησου του μελλοντος κρινειν ζωντας και νεκρους και την επιφανειαν αυτου και την βασιλειαν αυτου [gnt]


11. 2 Timothy 4:1
 All 
KJV: I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom;
Greek: διαμαρτυρομαι ουν εγω ενωπιον του θεου και του κυριου χριστου ιησου χριστου του μελλοντος κρινειν ζωντας και νεκρους κατα και την επιφανειαν αυτου και την βασιλειαν αυτου

12. Evangelism context
Verse route2 Timothy 4:2 Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine. [kjv]
Verse routeκηρυξον τον λογον επιστηθι ευκαιρως ακαιρως ελεγξον επιτιμησον παρακαλεσον εν παση μακροθυμια και διδαχη [gnt]
Verse route4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse route4:4 And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables. [kjv]
Verse route4:5 But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry. [kjv]
Verse routeσυ δε νηφε εν πασιν κακοπαθησον εργον ποιησον ευαγγελιστου την διακονιαν σου πληροφορησον [gnt]
Verse routeopusevangelistae ministerium … [v]

Does Paul tell Timothy to first make "friends" with those to whom he is "preaching" as on "evangelist"?

Information sign More: Friendship evangelism deception

13. 2 Timothy 4:2 Seasons
Verse route2 Timothy 4:2 Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine. [kjv]
Verse routeκηρυξον τον λογον επιστηθι ευκαιρως ακαιρως ελεγξον επιτιμησον παρακαλεσον εν παση μακροθυμια και διδαχη [gnt]

One can preach anytime. One does not need to become friends first as in the modern idea of "friendship evangelism".

Information sign More: Friendship evangelism deception

14. 2 Timothy 4:2
 All 
KJV: Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine.
Greek: κηρυξον τον λογον επιστηθι ευκαιρως ακαιρως ελεγξον επιτιμησον παρακαλεσον εν παση μακροθυμια και διδαχη

15. 2 Timothy 4:5
 All 
KJV: But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry.
Greek: συ δε νηφε εν πασιν κακοπαθησον εργον ποιησον ευαγγελιστου την διακονιαν σου πληροφορησον
Latin: tu vero vigila in omnibus labora opus fac evangelistae ministerium tuum imple

16. Confirmation bias
Finding teachers that teach or "indoctrinate" or "entertain" (i.e., "edutainment") by telling the audience what the audience likes to hear or expects to hear is a form of "confirmation bias".

Confirmation biasA confirmation bias is a bias of accepting only facts that agree with what you have already decided is true and ignoring other facts.
That is, one accepts only new information that confirms what one already believes or has heard, etc. You can ignore facts that you do not know about (ignorance of the law) or ignore things in order to deceive others (and yourself).

Cherry pick 2A confirmation bias can be encouraged by the use of "cherry picking" information to view or accept.

Information sign More: Selective evidence fallacy: Cherry picking
Information sign More: Confirmation bias

17. Doctrine and teaching
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse routeεσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην [gnt]
Verse routetempussanam doctrinamdesideria coacervabuntmagistros prurientes auribus [v]

The ancient Greek word "διδάσκαλος""teacher, master". The modern Greek word "διδάσκαλους" (thee-THA-ska-lus) ≈ "teachers".

Latin uses different words for "doctrine" or "teaching" and "teachers". The Latin word "magestros""master, chief, teacher, master" as in the English word "magistrate". The Latin here separates "teachers" and "students" (others) but the Greek does not.


Information sign More: Teaching and learning sound and healthy doctrine
Information sign More: Didache: The doctrine of teaching
Information sign More: A dogmatic opinion about dogmas

18. Teaching
Verse routeMatthew 5:2 And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying, [kjv]
Verse routeκαι ανοιξας το στομα αυτου εδιδασκεν αυτους λεγων [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "διδάσκαλος""teacher, master" and comes from the ancient Greek word "διδάσκω""teach, instruct, train".

Some say that the word comes from or means "cause to learn" but I could not find any support for such an etymology. A good teacher tends to have a causal effect on getting students to learn. Such an etymology, however, appears to be lacking.

In Greek philosophy, the "didactic" was a discussion that was used to teach learning though talking.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.



Information sign More: Teaching and learning and mathematics

19. Healthy and sound hygiene
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse routeεσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην [gnt]
Verse routetempussanam doctrinamdesideria coacervabuntmagistros prurientes auribus [v]

The Greek for "sound" "doctrine" is that of "healthy" "teaching". The ancient Greek word "ὑγίής""sound, healthy" and is the source of the English word "hygiene".

The Latin word "sanus""sound, healthy, whole" and is the source of the English word "sane".

20. Heaps of teachers
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse routeεσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην [gnt]
Verse routetempussanam doctrinamdesideria coacervabuntmagistros prurientes auribus [v]

The ancient Greek word "σωρός""heap, pile, mound, quantity". Paul appears to make up a word that means to "pile" or "heap" onto something. The modern Greek word "επισωρεύσουσιν" (eh-pee-so-REV-su-seen) ≈ "heap" literally they add to "on the pile/heap"

A paradox involving "heaps" is the "Sorites" paradox. The name comes from the Greek word for "heap"

21. Sorites paradox
Book: The Sorites Paradox
A paradox involving "heaps" is the "Sorites" paradox. The name comes from the Greek word for "heap". It is sometimes called the paradox of the "heap". A paradox is something that is, literally, "beyond expectation".
Sorites paradox (little by little): When does a "heap" of sand become not a "heap" as one grain at a time are removed from the "heap"?

The original paradox is attributed to "Εὐβουλίδης""Eubulides" of "Μῑ́λητος""Miletus" on what is today the east coast of Turkey.

Part of the paradox has to do with how one defines a "heap". A similar paradox involves hair and baldness.

Information sign More: Paradoxes: Beyond expectation of a parallel glory
Information sign More: Self-referential paradoxes
Information sign More: Matthew 5:33-37: Hairs of the head - yes no
Information sign More: The sorrowful annoyance of hairsplitting

22. Names and things
many to manyAristotle points out that we reason with "names" that represent "things" and not the "things" themselves.
Balance scales tilt rightThis leaves room for deception using words and "apparent logic". When you "drink" a "cup" you are not literally drinking the cup itself.
The English word "equivocation" means a deception by means of making names (or things) equal that are not actually equal. This is sometimes called "doublespeak".

Information sign More: Aristotle
Information sign More: Equivocation deception between names and meanings

23. Equivocation
Example: All men are created equal. Women are not men, so all women are not created equal.

Sometimes equivocation is used to "obfuscate" by using another word.

Future topic Details are left as a future topic.

24. Sorites paradox
Reality and deception
Assumptions.
Things: The reality of grains of sand does not change as grains are added or removed.
Names: The name heap is ambiguous and not well-defined.

Note: One can make the same argument about what constitutes a grain of sand.

25. Proverbs 25:21-22 Heap of coals
Verse routeProverbs 25:21 If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink: [kjv]
Verse routeεαν πεινα ο εχθρος σου τρεφε αυτον εαν διψα ποτιζε αυτον [lxx]
Verse route25:22 For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee. [kjv]
Verse routeτουτο γαρ ποιων ανθρακας πυρος σωρευσεις επι την κεφαλην αυτου ο δε κυριος ανταποδωσει σοι αγαθα [lxx]

The ancient Greek word "ἀνθρακιά""pile of charcoal, charcoal fire".

Information sign More: Anthrax as the color of red hot coal

26. Romans 12:20 Heap of coals
Verse routeRomans 12:20 Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head. [kjv]
Verse routeαλλα εαν πεινα ο εχθρος σου ψωμιζε αυτον εαν διψα ποτιζε αυτον τουτο γαρ ποιων ανθρακας πυρος σωρευσεις επι την κεφαλην αυτου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀνθρακιά""pile of charcoal, charcoal fire".

Might this cause a "heap" of trouble?
Discuss: Is Paul using the words for "hunger" and "thirst" in a literal or figurative sense (or both)? Explain.

27. Proverbs 25:21
 All 
KJV: If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink:
Hebrew: אם רעב שנאך האכלהו לחם ואם צמא השקהו מים׃
Greek: εαν πεινα ο εχθρος σου τρεφε αυτον εαν διψα ποτιζε αυτον

28. Proverbs 25:22
 All 
KJV: For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee.
Hebrew: כי גחלים אתה חתה על ראשו ויהוה ישלם לך׃
Greek: τουτο γαρ ποιων ανθρακας πυρος σωρευσεις επι την κεφαλην αυτου ο δε κυριος ανταποδωσει σοι αγαθα

29. Romans 12:20
   Romans 12:20 
 All 
KJV: Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head.
Greek: αλλα εαν ουν πεινα ο εχθρος σου ψωμιζε αυτον εαν διψα ποτιζε αυτον τουτο γαρ ποιων ανθρακας πυρος σωρευσεις επι την κεφαλην αυτου

30. Heap in computer science
In computer science and the study of algorithms, a heap is a tree structure where any node has a value greater (or less) than all sub-nodes (e.g., a binary heap).

This type of heap is a tree-structured version of a priority queue.

31. Strongs - heap

32. Strongs - heap

33. Usage - heap
*G4987 *2 σωρεύω (sore-yoo'-o) : from another form of G4673; to pile up (literally or figuratively):--heap, load.
Word usage per chapter Words: σεσωρευμενα σωρευσεις

*G2002 *1 ἐπισωρεύω (ep-ee-so-ryoo'-o) : from G1909 and G4987; to accumulate further, i.e. (figuratively) seek additionally:--heap.
Word usage per chapter Words: επισωρευσουσιν

The ancient Greek word "σωρός""heap, pile, mound, quantity". Paul appears to make up a word that means to "pile" or "heap" onto something. The modern Greek word "επισωρεύσουσιν" (eh-pee-so-REV-su-seen) ≈ "heap" literally they add to "on the pile/heap"

34. Bier
*G4673 *1 σορός (sor-os') : probably akin to the base of G4987; a funereal receptacle (urn, coffin), i.e. (by analogy) a bier:--bier.
Word usage per chapter Words: σορου


35. Play on words
Verse routeLuke 7:14 And he came and touched the bier: and they that bare him stood still. And he said, Young man, I say unto thee, Arise. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι προσελθων ηψατο της σορου οι δε βασταζοντες εστησαν και ειπεν νεανισκε σοι λεγω εγερθητι [gnt]
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse routeεσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην [gnt]

Since Paul appears to have made up the word "heap on" there could be a play on words as in "make yourself a coffin".

36. Luke 7:14
   Luke 7:14 
 All 
KJV: And he came and touched the bier: and they that bare him stood still. And he said, Young man, I say unto thee, Arise.
Greek: και προσελθων ηψατο της σορου οι δε βασταζοντες εστησαν και ειπεν νεανισκε σοι λεγω εγερθητι

37. Matthew 11:15 Ears and hearing
Verse routeMatthew 11:15 He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. [kjv]
Verse routeο εχων ωτα ακουετω [gnt]
Verse routeaures audiendi audiat [v]

Greek has different words for "ears" and "hearing". The Latin word "auribus""ear". The additional "hear" in the KJV (King James Version) appears to come from the Latin Vulgate.

38. Matthew 11:15
 All 
KJV: He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Greek: ο εχων ωτα ακουειν ακουετω
Latin: qui habet aures audiendi audiat

39. Problem at the hospital
Movie: Airplane Hospital sign with arrow
Some movies use this ambiguity as humor. Some people like this humor. Some do not. Here is an example from one of the Airplane movies.

Be hospitable and not hostile!
The pronoun "it" is somewhat ambiguous. Pronouns usually refers to the nearest noun, but not always. This is an example of one problem that makes NLP (Natural Language Processing) by computers difficult.

Information sign More: Hosting strange and hostile guests and ghosts
Information sign More: Pronouns

40. 2 Timothy 4:3-4 Ambiguous themselves
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse routeεσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην [gnt]
Verse route4:4 And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι απο μεν της αληθειας την ακοην αποστρεψουσιν επι δε τους μυθους εκτραπησονται [gnt]

The pronoun "themselves" (plural) in Greek, as in most languages, is ambiguous. Who has the "itching" "hearing" (verses 4:3 and 4:4)? Might the students be the teachers as in the reader response model?

41. Listening
Verse routeMatthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]
Verse route συνηκατε ταυτα παντα λεγουσιν αυτω ναι [gnt]

Man to wife: No, you're wrong... It doesn't even go in one ear! Mother to (three) sons: You can all hear just fine, but you don't listen.

[German voice for GPS (Global Positioning System) map directions]


Information sign More: Gnashing of the teeth

42. 2 Timothy 4:3 A desire to itch
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse routeεσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην [gnt]
Verse routetempussanam doctrinamdesideria coacervabuntmagistros prurientes auribus [v]

The KJV for "itching" comes from the Latin Vulgate "pruriens""desire, itching". Is this the meaning in the GNT (Greek New Testament)?

The modern Greek word "κνηθομένοι" (knee-tho-MEH-nee) ≈ "moving".

43. Strongs - itching

44. Usage - itching
*G2833 *1 κνήθω (knay'-tho) : from a primary knao (to scrape); to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to tickle:--X itching.
Word usage per chapter Words: κνηθομενοι

The ancient Greek word "κνῆσις""scratching (of an itch)" and could be an "irritation" is an a "teething infant".

The ancient Greek word "κνῆσμα""scraping, shavings" and could be a "sting" or "bite" of an insect.

Paul's word appears to allude to a "scratch" of an "itch" but may have an added meaning.

45. 2 Timothy 4:3 A desire to itch
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse routeεσται γαρ καιρος οτε της υγιαινουσης διδασκαλιας ουκ ανεξονται αλλα κατα τας ιδιας επιθυμιας εαυτοις επισωρευσουσιν διδασκαλους κνηθομενοι την ακοην [gnt]
Verse routetempussanam doctrinamdesideria coacervabuntmagistros prurientes auribus [v]

The prefix «κνηθ-» appears only here but appears to be a common elision (i.e., shortening) of the prefix «κινη-» which appears 14 times in the GNT and LXX (Septuagint) as "moving".

46. A hearing on moving ethics
We get the English word "kinetic" from the prefix «κινη-». The related modern Greek word is "κίνηση" (KEE-nee-see) ≈ "move, movement". The word "cinema" is through French and means, literally. "moving" as in a shorting of the phrase "cinematic film".

Paul invents a lot of his own words. A play on words here is that of a "moving ethics" or "relative ethics". The ancient Greek word "ἔθος""habit, custom, manner" and is the source of the English word "ethics". This is part of the modern reader response model.

47. Strongs - ethics

48. Usage - ethics
*G1485 *12 ἔθος (eth'-os) : from G1486; a usage (prescribed by habit or law):--custom, manner, be wont.
Word usage per chapter Words: εθει εθεσι εθεσιν εθη=2 εθος=6 εθων

The ancient Greek word "ἔθος""habit, custom, manner" and is the source of the English word "ethics" and cognate to the Sanskrit word "स्वधा" (svadha) ≈ "habit, custom".

49. 2 Timothy 4:3 Review
Verse route2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]

Paraphrase: The season will come when they will not endure healthy teaching, but after their own desires, they shall heap (as a coffin) to themselves teachers (who could be the students), having relative ethics of hearing.

Who has the "relative ethics"? Who are the "teachers"? In the modern reader-response model, the "teachers" and those being "taught" are, reflexively, the same people who decide the meaning of what they are "hearing".

Information sign More: Belief issues and reader response

50. 2 Timothy 4:2-5 Context review
Verse route2 Timothy 4:2 Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine. [kjv]
Verse route4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; [kjv]
Verse route4:4 And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables. [kjv]
Verse routeκαι απο μεν της αληθειας την ακοην αποστρεψουσιν επι δε τους μυθους εκτραπησονται [gnt]
Verse route4:5 But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry. [kjv]
Verse routeσυ δε νηφε εν πασιν κακοπαθησον εργον ποιησον ευαγγελιστου την διακονιαν σου πληροφορησον [gnt]


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