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Matthew 5:40 A garment cloaked in separation
1. Matthew 5:40
KJV: And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also.
Greek: και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον
2. Matthew 5:39 Paraphrase
Matthew 5:39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν μη αντιστηναι τω πονηρω αλλ οστις σε ραπιζει εις την δεξιαν σιαγονα σου στρεψον αυτω και την αλλην [gnt]
5:39:
But I say to you. Do not stand in place of the evil (get in the way of the adversary). But whoever [bones, enemy] shall cause thee to strike (false start) on your [but a shadow] of a right jawbone (offensive weapon) [the (evil) contest, competition] turn from that to the other [(true) contest, competition].
Example: Paul, under orders from the religious establishment, sought to strike out (false start) on a (evil) contest or competition, but was directed to turn from that contest or competition to the true contest or competition. Interestingly, this example of Paul will fit the next few verses as a continuation of the analogy or story.
This verse relates to both the "
altar" verse back in 5:23-24 and the "
agree" with the "
adversary" verse back in verses 5:25-26.
3. Matthew 5:40 A garment cloaked in separation
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
The "and" indicates that this verse is a continuation of the previous verse. The last "and" is translated as "also".
The "any" is the Greek dative "the" as in with respect to "the one".
The "will" as that of "desires to".
The "sue" is that of "separation" as in the Greek "judge".
What is the meaning of "the coat" of "yours"?
The Greek translated as "let" is the Greek word for "forgive" or "let go".
The "him" or "it" is the Greek dative "he" or "it" (grammatical gender) as in with respect to "him" or "it".
The Greek for "cloak" is that of "the garment". What does "the garment" represent? Whose "garment" is to be "forgiven" or "let go"? The "your" was added.
4. Garments
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
Clothing is often expensive. At the time of Jesus when this verse was spoken, the cost of clothing could be very expensive. Why, even the high priest sometimes had to
rent his
"clothes".
26:65 Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have heard his blasphemy. [kjv]
τοτε ο αρχιερευς διερρηξεν τα ιματια αυτου λεγων εβλασφημησεν τι ετι χρειαν εχομεν μαρτυρων ιδε νυν ηκουσατε την βλασφημιαν [gnt]
5. Matthew 26:65
KJV: Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have heard his blasphemy.
Greek: τοτε ο αρχιερευς διερρηξεν τα ιματια αυτου λεγων οτι εβλασφημησεν τι ετι χρειαν εχομεν μαρτυρων ιδε νυν ηκουσατε την βλασφημιαν αυτου
6. Diogenes Laertius
In the work of ancient Greek philosopher Diogenes Laertius, Kratos makes a comment.
Greek: «χρείαν ἔχειν ἱματίου καινοὖ» = "they need to have new clothes" as in "garments".
Greek: «χρείαν ἔχειν ἱματίου και νοὖ» = "they need to have clothes and a brain" (play on words)
This is a play on the Greek for
"new" with
"and" and
"brain" or
"mind". Here are the ancient Greek words.
"καινός" ≈ "new" in the nominative.
"καινοῦ" ≈ "new" in the genitive.
"και" ≈ "and".
"νοῦ" ≈ "mind, brain" in the genitive.
"νοῦς" ≈ "mind, brain"in the nominative.
7. Matthew 5:40 Analysis
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
In both cases the
grammatical gender is that of
"he/him" or
"it". The
KJV (King James Version) translates as
"any" and then
"him" Greek words (pronouns) that can be
"him" or
"it" as a
grammatical gender.
| Matthew 5:40 |
| Strong |
Used |
Unique |
Word |
Part of speech |
Strongs will often report the grammatical gender that has already been decided rather than the allowable grammatical genders.
8. Matthew 5:40 A dative theory with respect to one
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
| * |
Masc.
Sing. |
Masc.
Plural |
Fem.
Sing. |
Fem.
Plural |
Neuter
Sing. |
Neuter
Plural |
| Nom. |
ὁ |
οί |
ἡ |
αί |
τό |
τά |
| Gen. |
τοῦ |
τῶν |
τῆς |
τῶν |
τοῦ |
τῶν |
| Dat. |
τῷ |
τοῖς |
τῇ |
ταῖς |
τῷ |
τοῖς |
| Acc. |
τόν |
τούς |
τήν |
τάς |
τό |
τά |
Every duplication is a possibility for ambiguity or deception.
The
"any" is the Greek
dative "τῷ" or
"the" as in
with respect to "the him/it".
9. Matthew 5:40 Personal pronouns
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
| * |
Masc.
Sing. |
Masc.
Plural |
Fem.
Sing. |
Fem.
Plural |
Neuter
Sing. |
Neuter
Plural |
| Nom. |
αὐτὁς |
αὐτοί |
αὐτἡ |
αὐταί |
αὐτό |
αὐτά |
| Gen. |
αὐτοῦ |
αὐτῶν |
αὐτῆς |
αὐτῶν |
αὐτοῦ |
αὐτῶν |
| Dat. |
αὐτῷ |
αὐτοῖς |
αὐτῇ |
αὐταῖς |
αὐτῷ |
αὐτοῖς |
| Acc. |
αὐτόν |
αὐτούς |
αὐτήν |
αὐτάς |
αὐτό |
αὐτά |
Every duplication is a possibility for ambiguity or deception.
The
"him" is the Greek
dative "αὐτῷ" "the him/it" as in
with respect to "the him/it".
It appears
reasonable to assume that
"the him/it" refers to the same
"the him/it" translated as
"any".
10. Legend
Rows: N G D A
1. Case:
N=Nom.=Nominative
G=Gen.=Genitive
D=Dat.=Dative
A=Acc.=Accusative
Columns: MS MP FS FP NS NP
2. Number:
S=Sing.=Singular
P=Plural
3. Gender:
M=Masc.=Masculine
F=Fem.=Feminine
N=Neuter
11. Matthew 7:1-2 Here comes the judge, but just barley
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
Barley is a cereal grain, known from ancient times, that has many uses. The usual process is to
seed it,
grow it,
harvest it, break it up, and winnow to separate the grain (fruit) from the chaff so that the grain can be used.
The ancient Greek word
"κρίνω" ≈ "separate" appears to be the related to
"κριθή" ≈ "barley" in that the grain needed to be separated to be used - allowing a play on words
"κριθήτε" ≈ "judged" as used by Jesus. The
"separation" is related to the English word
"rinse" and the Latin word
"discernere" ≈ "separate, divide, distinguish, discern" which is the source of the English word
"discern". The Latin word is from the Latin word
"cernere" ≈ "to separate".
Since separation is an important and sometimes misunderstood part of the three-step judgment process (separation of guilt or innocence, sentence, punishment) the connections can be interesting in, say, the context of Matthew 7.
12. Matthew 5:40 Separate
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
Somehow, without an appropriate context, the Greek word for
"judge" as in
"separate" was translated as
"sued at the law".
"κριθήναι" ≈ "will separate/judge".
"κριθή" ≈ "barley" and "ναι" ≈ "yes".
"σου" ≈ "of you" (genitive)
"ου" ≈ "no".
Let us look at the two other uses of this exact word and then apply the same translation of this verse to a similar word used in Matthew 7:1-2.
13. Verse analysis
Jesus says let your
"communication" (
"reasoning") be
"yes" "yes" or
"no" "no". Anything more is of
"evil" (
"oppression")
37: εστω δε ο λογος υμων ναι ναι ου ου το δε περισσον τουτων εκ του πονηρου εστιν
38. ηκουσατε οτι ερρεθη οφθαλμον αντι οφθαλμου και οδοντα αντι οδοντος
39. εγω δε λεγω υμιν μη αντιστηναι τω πονηρω αλλ οστις σε ραπιζει εις την δεξιαν σιαγονα σου στρεψον αυτω και την αλλην
40: και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον
41: και οστις σε αγγαρευσει μιλιον εν υπαγε μετ αυτου δυὀ
42: τω αιτουντι σε δος και τον θελοντα απο σου δανισασθαι μη αποστραφης
"ναι" ≈ "yes" and "ου" ≈ "no".
"πονηρού" ≈ "evil, oppression".
"αντι" ≈ "in place of" and "στη" ≈ "stand".
The
first two pairs are
"yes" "no" and
"yes" "no". Might the parts of these verses be of "
evil"? The
last pair is
"no" "no". Might the parts of these verse be what you are supposed to do?
14. Acts 25:9
Acts 25:9 But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me? [kjv]
ο φηστος δε θελων τοις ιουδαιοις χαριν καταθεσθαι αποκριθεις τω παυλω ειπεν θελεις εις ιεροσολυμα αναβας εκει περι τουτων κριθηναι επ εμου [gnt]
The
KJV translates as
"willing" and then
"wilt" the Greek word that means
"desiring".
The
KJV translates as "
pleasure" the Greek word that means "
favor" and that is often translated as "
joy" or "
grace".
The context of this verse is that of "
court" and
"judgment" but not necessarily
"sued at the law".
15. Acts 25:9
KJV: But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?
Greek: ο φηστος δε θελων τοις ιουδαιοις θελων χαριν καταθεσθαι αποκριθεις τω παυλω ειπεν θελεις εις ιεροσολυμα αναβας εκει περι τουτων κρινεσθαι κριθηναι επ εμου
16. Revelation 11:18
Revelation 11:18 And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth. [kjv]
και τα εθνη ωργισθησαν και ηλθεν η οργη σου και ο καιρος των νεκρων κριθηναι και δουναι τον μισθον τοις δουλοις σου τοις προφηταις και τοις αγιοις και τοις φοβουμενοις το ονομα σου τους μικρους και τους μεγαλους και διαφθειραι τους διαφθειροντας την γην [gnt]
The context of this verse is not a "
court" but a
"separation" and not a
"sued at the law".
17. Revelation 11:18
KJV: And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth.
Greek: και τα εθνη ωργισθησαν και ηλθεν η οργη σου και ο καιρος των νεκρων κριθηναι και δουναι τον μισθον τοις δουλοις σου τοις προφηταις και τοις αγιοις και τοις φοβουμενοις το ονομα σου τοις μικροις τους μικρους και τοις μεγαλοις τους μεγαλους και διαφθειραι τους διαφθειροντας την γην
18. Judging
19. Strongs - separate
- *G2919 *109 κρίνω (kree'-no) : properly, to distinguish, i.e. decide (mentally or judicially); by implication, to try, condemn, punish:--avenge, conclude, condemn, damn, decree, determine, esteem, judge, go to (sue at the) law, ordain, call in question, sentence to, think.
- κριθηναι *3 of 109
- Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away ...
- Acts 25:9 ... to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?
- Revelation 11:18 ... and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward ...
20. Usage - separate
*G2919 *109 κρίνω (kree'-no) : properly, to distinguish, i.e. decide (mentally or judicially); by implication, to try, condemn, punish:--avenge, conclude, condemn, damn, decree, determine, esteem, judge, go to (sue at the) law, ordain, call in question, sentence to, think.
 |
Words: εκριθη εκριθησαν=2 εκρινα=3 εκρινας=2 εκρινεν=2 εκρινομεθα κεκρικα=2 κεκρικατε κεκρικει κεκρικεν κεκριμενα κεκριται=2 κριθηναι=3 κριθησεσθε κριθησονται κριθητε=3 κριθωσι κριθωσιν κριναι κριναντας κριναντες=2 κριναντος κρινας κρινατε=6 κρινει=13 κρινειν=3 κρινεις=4 κρινεσθαι=5 κρινεται=5 κρινετε=9 κρινετω=2 κρινη κρινομαι=3 κρινομενοι κρινομενος κρινοντα=2 κρινοντες=2 κρινοντι κρινουμεν κρινουσιν κρινω=8 κρινωμεν κρινων=8
|
21. Strongs - tunic
- *G5509 *11 χιτών (khee-tone') : of foreign origin (3801); a tunic or shirt:--clothes, coat, garment.
- χιτωνας *6
- Matthew 10:10 ... your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet ...
- Mark 6:9 ... not put on two coats.
- Mark 14:63 Then the high priest rent his clothes, and saith, What need ...
- Luke 3:11 ... unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; ...
- Luke 9:3 ... neither have two coats apiece.
- Acts 9:39 ... weeping, and shewing the coats and garments which ...
- χιτωνα *4
- Matthew 5:40 ... and take away thy coat, let him have ...
- Luke 6:29 ... cloke forbid not to take thy coat also.
- John 19:23 ... a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, ...
- Jude 1:23 ... the fire; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh.
- χιτων
- John 19:23 ... a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, ...
22. Usage - tunic
*G5509 *11 χιτών (khee-tone') : of foreign origin (3801); a tunic or shirt:--clothes, coat, garment.
 |
Words: χιτων χιτωνα=4 χιτωνας=6
|
The ancient Greek word
"χιτών" ≈ "man's tunic". A figurative meaning was that of the
"body" as a
"covering" for the "
spirit". The Greek word is related to the Latin word
"tunica" ≈ "tunic".
The origin appears to be Semitic and related to the Hebrew word
"כתנת" (ke-to-net) ≈ "coat, tunic" as in Joseph and the
"coat" of "
many" "
colors" or the
"coat" that God used to "
clothe" Adam and Eve.
23. Genesis 37:3 Latin tunic
Genesis 37:3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours. [kjv]
… כתנת … [he]
ιακωβ δε ηγαπα τον ιωσηφ παρα παντας τους υιους αυτου οτι υιος γηρους ην αυτω εποιησεν δε αυτω χιτωνα ποικιλον [lxx]
… diligebat … filios … senectute … tunicam polymitam [v]
The Latin word
"polymitam" ≈ "many threaded". The ancient Greek word
"ποικίλος" ≈ "dappled, variegated" and whose translation (or mistranslation) led to the children's story of Joseph and his multi-colored coat.
The Latin word
"tunica" ≈ "tunic" and is related to the ancient Greek word
"χιτών" ≈ "tunic" which appears to be Semitic and related to the Hebrew word
"כתנת" (ke-to-net) ≈ "coat, tunic".
It is not clear how the word for the intricate and many colored paintings on the famous porch in Athens became the same adjective used for the coat made for Joseph. The connection is interesting.
24. Matthew 5:40 Tunics
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"χιτών" ≈ "man's tunic". A figurative meaning was that of the
"body" as a "
covering" for the "
spirit".
Discuss: Would an "
evil" religious institution, as referred to in previous verses, attempt to
"separate" one's
"body" from their "
spirit"? Would a "
yoke of compulsion" help do this?
25. Matthew 5:40 Tunics
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"χιτών" ≈ "man's tunic". A figurative meaning, partly from Greek philosophy, was that of the
"body" as a "
covering" for the "
spirit".
Why does Jesus use sheep as an analogy of believers?
Did Jesus use sheep as an analogy because sheep have traits of what he wanted to express? Did Jesus create sheep with those traits so he could use them as an analogy?
Why does Jesus use Greek philosophical ideas in some analogies?
Did Jesus use what ideas of Greek philosophy because those ideas expressed what he wanted to express? Did Jesus create (through people) that Greek philosophy so he could use those ideas in analogies?
26. Matthew 10:10 Two tunics in Matthew
Matthew 10:10 Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat. [kjv]
μη πηραν εις οδον μηδε δυο χιτωνας μηδε υποδηματα μηδε ραβδον αξιος γαρ ο εργατης της τροφης αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"χιτών" ≈ "man's tunic". A figurative meaning, partly from Greek philosophy, was that of the
"body" as a "
covering" for the "
spirit".
Might this be a reason why Jesus says not to take
"two" "tunics" as in
"two" outer appearances? Just let your "
yes" be "
yes" and your "
no" be "
no".
This verse is right after the one about not taking money for what one does.
Aside: The English word
"chapel" is from the Late Latin word
"cappella" ≈ "little cloak" which is from
"cappa" ≈ "cloak, cape".
27. Matthew 10:8-9 Pursuing discussion
Matthew 10:8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give. [kjv]
ασθενουντας θεραπευετε νεκρους εγειρετε λεπρους καθαριζετε δαιμονια εκβαλλετε δωρεαν ελαβετε δωρεαν δοτε [gnt]
… gratis accepistis gratis … [v]
10:9 Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, [kjv]
μη κτησησθε χρυσον μηδε αργυρον μηδε χαλκον εις τας ζωνας υμων [gnt]
… possidere aurum … argentum … pecuniam in zonis … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"κτῆσις" ≈ "act of acquiring, ownership, taking" which, once obtained, becomes "
property". The Greek
"into" was translated as
"in".
Paraphrase: Do not acquire gold, ... (for what you do during your journey) into your purses (belts).
Don’t take any money in your money belts—no gold, silver, or even copper coins. NLT (New Living Translation)
Discuss: Why might the church not want you to have money to take along to spread the "
Good News"? Provide any known historical examples of either case.
28. Matthew 10:10 Two tunics
Matthew 10:10 Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat. [kjv]
μη πηραν εις οδον μηδε δυο χιτωνας μηδε υποδηματα μηδε ραβδον αξιος γαρ ο εργατης της τροφης αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"χιτών" ≈ "man's tunic". A figurative meaning was that of the
"body" as a
"covering" for the "
spirit".
Might this be a reason why Jesus says not to take
"two" "tunics" as in
"two" outer appearances? Just let your "
yes" be "
yes" and your "
no" be "
no".
Note the
number before the object
"coats".
It is "two" "coats", not "coats" "two".
In Matthew 5:50, Jesus uses "miles" "two" rather than "two" "miles".
29. Matthew 10:10 Two tunics in Matthew
Matthew 10:10 Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat. [kjv]
μη πηραν εις οδον μηδε δυο χιτωνας μηδε υποδηματα μηδε ραβδον αξιος γαρ ο εργατης της τροφης αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"χιτών" ≈ "man's tunic". A figurative meaning, partly from Greek philosophy, was that of the
"body" as a "
covering" for the "
spirit".
Might this be a reason why Jesus says not to take
"two" "tunics" as in
"two" outer appearances? Just let your "
yes" be "
yes" and your "
no" be "
no".
This verse is right after the one about not taking money for what one does.
Aside: The English word
"chapel" is from the Late Latin word
"cappella" ≈ "little cloak" which is from
"cappa" ≈ "cloak, cape".
30. Matthew 10:10 Bags
Matthew 10:10 Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat. [kjv]
μη πηραν εις οδον μηδε δυο χιτωνας μηδε υποδηματα μηδε ραβδον αξιος γαρ ο εργατης της τροφης αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"πῆρα" ≈ "bag, pouch, knapsack" for provisions, etc. This
"bag" was often associated with beggars. Perhaps this restriction was to avoid the appearance of a
beggar and not a restriction on taking any provisions, such as, for example, five loaves and two fishes (for the fish and chip crowd).
Do not go begging.
Jesus uses the Greek word for "
beggar", who
might be "
poor " in a worldly sense, as those who need the "
Good News". There is another Greek word for "
destitute" as in "
poor" in a worldly sense.
31. Throwing pure light
Matthew 9:16 No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto an old garment, for that which is put in to fill it up taketh from the garment, and the rent is made worse. [kjv]
ουδεις δε επιβαλλει επιβλημα ρακους αγναφου επι ιματιω παλαιω αιρει γαρ το πληρωμα αυτου απο του ιματιου και χειρον σχισμα γινεται [gnt]
The idea of being
"clothed in righteousness" and the
"garments" provided at the wedding feast provide one connection of the meaning of the
"garment" in Matthew 9:16. Those
"garments" can be "
righteous" or "
unrighteous" depending on the
point of view.
Paraphrase:
No one throws pure light on an old garment (righteousness)... the rupture (schism) is made worse [pigs].
John 1:5 And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. [kjv]
και το φως εν τη σκοτια φαινει και η σκοτια αυτο ου κατελαβεν [gnt]
Note below: The
"worse" can be a play on words for
"pig" or
"swine". That "
old garment" might not
understand that "
pure light". The Greek for "
cloth" can be a play on words with "
raca" or "
fool" is in the religious establishment.
32. Usage - cloak
*G2440 *59 ἱμάτιον (him-at'-ee-on) : neuter of a presumed derivative of ennumi (to put on); a dress (inner or outer):--apparel, cloke, clothes, garment, raiment, robe, vesture.
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Words: ιματια=29 ιματιοις=3 ιματιον=15 ιματιου=8 ιματιω ιματιων=3
|
33. Matthew 5:40 Righteous garment
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἱμάτιον" ≈ "garment" and is from
"εἷμᾰ" ≈ "garment".
Righteousness is doing what is right. Garment as righteousness analogy:
God's "garment" of righteousness
Man's "garment" of righteousness can be what God considers unrighteousness.
It is not clear as to the
difference between the
"coat" and
"cloke". They or both "
garments" that are worn as "
outer clothing".
34. John 19:24 Casting lots
John 19:24 They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did. [kjv]
ειπαν ουν προς αλληλους μη σχισωμεν αυτον αλλα λαχωμεν περι αυτου τινος εσται ινα η γραφη πληρωθη διεμερισαντο τα ιματια μου εαυτοις και επι τον ιματισμον μου εβαλον κληρον οι μεν ουν στρατιωται ταυτα εποιησαν [gnt]
Aside:
Casting lots is not like Realtors who have
lots to
sell.
35. John 19:24
KJV: They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.
Greek: ειπον ειπαν ουν προς αλληλους μη σχισωμεν αυτον αλλα λαχωμεν περι αυτου τινος εσται ινα η γραφη πληρωθη η λεγουσα διεμερισαντο τα ιματια μου εαυτοις και επι τον ιματισμον μου εβαλον κληρον οι μεν ουν στρατιωται ταυτα εποιησαν
36. Matthew 24:17-18 Olivet Discourse
37. Matthew 24:17
KJV: Let him which is on the housetop not come down to take any thing out of his house:
Greek: ο επι του δωματος μη καταβαινετω καταβατω αραι τι τα εκ της οικιας αυτου
38. Matthew 24:18
KJV: Neither let him which is in the field return back to take his clothes.
Greek: και ο εν τω αγρω μη επιστρεψατω οπισω αραι τα ιματια το ιματιον αυτου
39. Luke 22:36
Luke 22:36 Then said he unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him sell his garment, and buy one. [kjv]
ειπεν δε αυτοις αλλα νυν ο εχων βαλλαντιον αρατω ομοιως και πηραν και ο μη εχων πωλησατω το ιματιον αυτου και αγορασατω μαχαιραν [gnt]
If the previous remarks about "
purse" and "
script" apply to everyone then so does the remarks about the "
sword". That is, everyone needs a "
sword".
Do you have a sword?
Jesus tells everyone to "
buy" a "
sword". Do you need to "
sell" something, such as your outer layer or
"garment" to "
purchase" that "
sword"? For what might that "
sword" be needed?
40. Matthew 22:12-14
This is the end for those without proper
garments in the Parable of the Wedding Feast.
Matthew 22:12 And he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he was speechless. [kjv]
και λεγει αυτω εταιρε πως εισηλθες ωδε μη εχων ενδυμα γαμου ο δε εφιμωθη [gnt]
22:13 Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]
τοτε ο βασιλευς ειπεν τοις διακονοις δησαντες αυτου ποδας και χειρας εκβαλετε αυτον εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]
22:14 For many are called, but few are chosen. [kjv]
πολλοι γαρ εισιν κλητοι ολιγοι δε εκλεκτοι [gnt]
The joke for some denominational churches is "
many are cold, a few are frozen".
41. Matthew 5:40 Forgive the garment
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
The Greek is that of
"forgiving" or
"letting go" of
"the" "garment".
Whose
"garment" is to be
"forgiven" or
"let go"? This clarifying pronoun or reference is
not specified. Translators appear to assume "
your" but it could be "
his", "
her", "
it", "
theirs", etc.
42. Word slide
43. Strongs - leave, permit, forgive
- *G863 *142 ἀφίημι (af-ee'-ay-mee) : from G575 and hiemi (to send; an intensive form of eimi, to go); to send forth, in various applications (as follow):--cry, forgive, forsake, lay aside, leave, let (alone, be, go, have), omit, put (send) away, remit, suffer, yield up.
- αφηκεν *19
- Matthew 8:15 ... hand, and the fever left her: and she arose, ...
- Matthew 18:27 ... and loosed him, and forgave him the debt.
- Matthew 19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, ...
- Matthew 22:25 ... having no issue, left his wife unto ...
- Matthew 27:50 ... a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.
- Mark 1:31 ... and immediately the fever left her, and she ministered unto them.
- Mark 5:19 Howbeit Jesus suffered him not, but ...
- Mark 5:37 And he suffered no man to follow him, save ...
- Mark 10:29 ... There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, ...
- Mark 12:20 ... a wife, and dying left no seed.
- Luke 4:39 ... and rebuked the fever; and it left her: and immediately ...
- Luke 8:51 And when he came into the house, he suffered no man to go in, ...
- Luke 12:39 ... he would have watched, and not have suffered his house to be broken through.
- Luke 18:29 ... There is no man that hath left house, or parents, ...
- John 4:3 He left Judæa, and departed again into Galilee.
- John 4:28 The woman then left her waterpot, and ...
- John 4:52 ... seventh hour the fever left him.
- Acts 14:17 Nevertheless he left not himself without witness, in that he did good, ...
- Hebrews 2:8 ... all in subjection under him, he left nothing that is not put under him. ...
- αφες *15
- Matthew 3:15 ... unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.
- Matthew 5:24 Leave there thy gift before the altar, ...
- Matthew 5:40 ... thy coat, let him have thy cloke also.
- Matthew 6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
- Matthew 7:4 ... to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out ...
- Matthew 8:22 ... Follow me; and let the dead bury their dead.
- Matthew 27:49 The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias ...
- Mark 7:27 But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: ...
- Luke 6:42 ... thy brother, Brother, let me pull out the mote that is in ...
- Luke 9:60 Jesus said unto him, Let the dead bury their ...
- Luke 11:4 And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive ...
- Luke 13:8 ... unto him, Lord, let it alone this year ...
- Luke 17:3 ... and if he repent, forgive him.
- Luke 23:34 Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know ...
- John 12:7 Then said Jesus, Let her alone: against the day ...
- αφεντες *15
- Matthew 4:20 And they straightway left their nets, and followed him.
- Matthew 4:22 And they immediately left the ship and their ...
- Matthew 22:22 When they had heard these words, they marvelled, and left him, and went their way.
- Matthew 26:56 ... Then all the disciples forsook him, and fled.
- Mark 1:18 And straightway they forsook their nets, and followed him.
- Mark 1:20 ... he called them: and they left their father Zebedee ...
- Mark 4:36 And when they had sent away the multitude, they took him even as ...
- Mark 7:8 For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition ...
- Mark 12:12 ... the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.
- Mark 14:50 And they all forsook him, and fled.
- Luke 5:11 ... ships to land, they forsook all, and followed him.
- Luke 10:30 ... of his raiment, and wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead.
- Luke 18:28 ... said, Lo, we have left all, and followed thee.
- Romans 1:27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use ...
- Hebrews 6:1 Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on ...
- αφεθησεται *12
- Matthew 12:31 ... and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men.
- Matthew 12:32 ... the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but who soever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven ...
- Mark 3:28 ... unto you, All sins shall be forgiven unto the sons of men, and ...
- Luke 12:10 ... the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but unto him that blasphemeth against the Holy Ghost it shall not be forgiven.
- Luke 17:34 ... shall be taken, and the other shall be left.
- Luke 17:35 ... shall be taken, and the other left.
- Luke 21:6 ... in the which there shall not be left one stone upon ...
- Acts 8:22 ... the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee.
- James 5:15 ... he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him.
- αφετε *10
- Matthew 13:30 Let both grow together until the harvest: and ...
- Matthew 15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders ...
- Matthew 19:14 But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid ...
- Mark 10:14 ... and said unto them, Suffer the little children to come unto ...
- Mark 14:6 And Jesus said, Let her alone; why trouble ye ...
- Mark 15:36 ... him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether Elias ...
- Luke 18:16 ... called them unto him, and said, Suffer little children to come unto ...
- John 11:44 ... Loose him, and let him go.
- John 18:8 ... therefore ye seek me, let these go their way:
- Acts 5:38 And now I say unto you, Refrain from ...
- αφεις *7
- Matthew 13:36 Then Jesus sent the multitude away, and went into ...
- Matthew 18:12 ... them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth ...
- Matthew 26:44 And he left them, and went away again, and prayed ...
- Mark 8:13 And he left them, and entering into the ship ...
- Mark 13:34 For the Son of man is as a man taking a far journey, who left his house, and ...
- Mark 15:37 And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.
- Revelation 2:20 Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because ...
- αφεωνται *6
- Luke 5:20 ... Man, thy sins are forgiven thee.
- Luke 5:23 ... to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, ...
- Luke 7:47 ... which are many, are forgiven; for she loved much: but to whom little is forgiven, the same loveth little.
- Luke 7:48 ... unto her, Thy sins are forgiven.
- John 20:23 Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them; and whose ...
- 1 John 2:12 ... because your sins are forgiven you for his name's sake.
- αφητε *5
- Matthew 6:14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you:
- Matthew 6:15 But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father ...
- Matthew 18:35 ... unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one ...
- John 16:32 ... to his own, and shall leave me alone: and yet ...
- John 20:23 Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them; and whose ...
- αφιεναι *5
- Matthew 9:6 ... power on earth to forgive sins, (then saith he ...
- Mark 2:7 ... blasphemies? who can forgive sins but God only?
- Mark 2:10 ... power on earth to forgive sins, (he saith to the sick of the palsy,)
- Luke 5:24 ... power upon earth to forgive sins, (he said unto the sick of the palsy, ...
- 1 Corinthians 7:11 ... let not the husband put away his wife.
- αφιεται *5
- Matthew 23:38 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.
- Matthew 24:40 ... shall be taken, and the other left.
- Matthew 24:41 ... shall be taken, and the other left.
- Luke 7:47 ... which are many, are forgiven; for she loved much: but to whom little is forgiven, the same loveth little.
- Luke 13:35 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate: and ...
- αφιησιν *4
- Matthew 3:15 ... unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.
- Matthew 4:11 Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, ...
- Luke 7:49 ... is this that forgiveth sins also?
- John 10:12 ... the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth: ...
- αφιενται *4
- Matthew 9:2 ... be of good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee.
- Matthew 9:5 ... easier, to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, ...
- Mark 2:5 ... Son, thy sins be forgiven thee.
- Mark 2:9 ... to say to the sick of the palsy, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, ...
- αφηκαμεν *3
- Matthew 6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
- Matthew 19:27 ... unto him, Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed ...
- Mark 10:28 ... unto him, Lo, we have left all, and have followed thee.
- αφιετε *3
- Matthew 23:13 ... neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.
- Mark 7:12 And ye suffer him no more to do ought ...
- Mark 11:25 ... ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against any: that your Father also which is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses.
- αφεθη *3
- Matthew 24:2 ... I say unto you, There shall not be left here one stone ...
- Mark 4:12 ... they should be converted, and their sins should be forgiven them.
- Mark 13:2 ... great buildings? there shall not be left one stone upon ...
- αφη *3
- Mark 11:25 ... ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against any: that your Father also which is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses.
- Mark 12:19 ... leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that ...
- 1 John 1:9 ... and just to forgive us our sins, and ...
- αφησει *2
- Matthew 6:14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you:
- Matthew 6:15 But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father ...
- αφησω *2
- Matthew 18:21 ... against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?
- John 14:18 I will not leave you comfortless: I will come ...
- αφειναι *2
- Matthew 23:23 ... cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
- Luke 5:21 ... blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?
- ηφιεν *2
- Mark 1:34 ... many devils; and suffered not the devils to speak, ...
- Mark 11:16 And would not suffer that any man ...
- αφηκαν *2
- Mark 11:6 ... had commanded: and they let them go.
- Mark 12:22 ... had her, and left no seed: last ...
- αφιημι *2
- John 14:27 Peace I leave with you, my peace I give ...
- John 16:28 ... into the world: again, I leave the world, and go ...
- αφιετω *2
- 1 Corinthians 7:12 ... with him, let him not put her away.
- 1 Corinthians 7:13 ... with her, let her not leave him.
- αφηκα
- Matthew 18:32 ... O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that ...
- αφηκατε
- Matthew 23:23 ... cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
- αφιομεν
- Luke 11:4 And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive ...
- αφησεις
- Luke 17:4 ... thee, saying, I repent; thou shalt forgive him.
- αφησουσιν
- Luke 19:44 ... thee; and they shall not leave in thee ...
- αφωμεν
- John 11:48 If we let him thus alone, all men will believe ...
- αφεθησαν
- Romans 4:7 Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.
- αφηκες
- Revelation 2:4 ... somewhat against thee, because thou hast left thy first love.
- αφιουσιν
- Revelation 11:9 ... an half, and shall not suffer their dead bodies ...
44. Usage - leave, permit, forgive
*G863 *142 ἀφίημι (af-ee'-ay-mee) : from G575 and hiemi (to send; an intensive form of eimi, to go); to send forth, in various applications (as follow):--cry, forgive, forsake, lay aside, leave, let (alone, be, go, have), omit, put (send) away, remit, suffer, yield up.
 |
Words: αφεθη=3 αφεθησαν αφεθησεται=12 αφειναι=2 αφεις=7 αφεντες=15 αφες=15 αφετε=10 αφεωνται=6 αφη=3 αφηκα αφηκαμεν=3 αφηκαν=2 αφηκατε αφηκεν=19 αφηκες αφησει=2 αφησεις αφησουσιν αφησω=2 αφητε=5 αφιεναι=5 αφιενται=4 αφιεται=5 αφιετε=3 αφιετω=2 αφιημι=2 αφιησιν=4 αφιομεν αφιουσιν αφωμεν ηφιεν=2
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45. Matthew 5:40 Paraphrase
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
5:40:
and the (evil religious institution, judger's) (who) desire to separate (judge) you and take your cloke (outer body), and so forgive or let go them (evil religious institution, judger's) (their) garment (of unrighteousness)
This idea will now be continued in the following verses. Is there
precedent for
"forgiving" others their
"garments" of
"unrighteousness"?
This idea will then be repeated in another way in a few more verses in terms of "
love your enemies".
How would you define an "enemy"?
How would you define a "neighbor"?
What is the difference?
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
|
46. Acts 7:58-60 Crowning achievement
Stephen, a name that means "
crown" is being stoned (end of chapter 7).
Acts 7:58 And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul. [kjv]
και εκβαλοντες εξω της πολεως ελιθοβολουν και οι μαρτυρες απεθεντο τα ιματια αυτων παρα τους ποδας νεανιου καλουμενου σαυλου [gnt]
7:59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. [kjv]
και ελιθοβολουν τον στεφανον επικαλουμενον και λεγοντα κυριε ιησου δεξαι το πνευμα μου [gnt]
7:60 And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep. [kjv]
θεις δε τα γονατα εκραξεν φωνη μεγαλη κυριε μη στησης αυτοις ταυτην την αμαρτιαν και τουτο ειπων εκοιμηθη [gnt]
Did Stephen "forgive" the "unrighteous" "garments" of those "stoning" ("hitting" or "striking") him?
The word translated as "name" in Greek is "called". What are the types of "calling" in these verses?
The ancient Greek word
"στήσῃς" ≈ "place".
47. Acts 7:58-60 Crowning achievement
Acts 7:58 And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul. [kjv]
7:59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. [kjv]
και ελιθοβολουν τον στεφανον επικαλουμενον και λεγοντα κυριε ιησου δεξαι το πνευμα μου [gnt]
7:60 And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep. [kjv]
Discuss:
Can (at this point) "Saul", later "Paul", be considered a "fish" or "foot" or one of the "many" attracted to the "city" on the "mountain"?
Will he soon become a "pig" or "hand" or "enforcer" or "muscle" and "trample" others? (Start of the next chapter)
Does he want to become a "bird" or "eye" or "leader"?
How will this change?
48. Acts 7:58
KJV: And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul.
Greek: και εκβαλοντες εξω της πολεως ελιθοβολουν και οι μαρτυρες απεθεντο τα ιματια αυτων παρα τους ποδας νεανιου καλουμενου σαυλου
49. Acts 7:59
KJV: And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.
Greek: και ελιθοβολουν τον στεφανον επικαλουμενον και λεγοντα κυριε ιησου δεξαι το πνευμα μου
50. Acts 7:60
KJV: And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.
Greek: θεις δε τα γονατα εκραξεν φωνη μεγαλη κυριε μη στησης αυτοις ταυτην την αμαρτιαν ταυτην και τουτο ειπων εκοιμηθη
51. Strongs - receive
- *G1209 *56 δέχομαι (dekh'-om-ahee) : middle voice of a primary verb; to receive (in various applications, literally or figuratively):--accept, receive, take. Compare G2983.
- δεξαι *3 of 56
- Luke 16:6 ... And he said unto him, Take thy bill, and ...
- Luke 16:7 ... And he said unto him, Take thy bill, and ...
- Acts 7:59 ... saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.
52. Usage - receive
*G1209 *56 δέχομαι (dekh'-om-ahee) : middle voice of a primary verb; to receive (in various applications, literally or figuratively):--accept, receive, take. Compare G2983.
 |
Words: δεδεκται δεξαι=3 δεξαμενη δεξαμενοι δεξαμενος=3 δεξασθαι=3 δεξασθε=4 δεξηται=8 δεξωνται=2 δεχεται=8 δεχηται δεχομενος=4 δεχονται δεχωνται=3 εδεξαμεθα εδεξαντο=5 εδεξασθε=4 εδεξατο=3
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53. Translations
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
Many translations of this verse make assumptions that can not be supported from the Greek. Many are tradition.
NLT: If you are sued in court and your shirt is taken from you, give your coat, too.
NIV (New International Version): And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well.
Berean Literal Bible: And to the one willing to sue you and to take your tunic, yield to him the cloak as well.
Good News Translation: And if someone takes you to court to sue you for your shirt, let him have your coat as well.
5:40 paraphrase:
and the (evil religious institution, judger's) (who) desire to separate (judge) you and take your cloke (outer body), and so forgive or let go them (evil religious institution, judger's) (their) garment (of unrighteousness)
54. Matthew 5:41 Walk a mile for a camel
Matthew 5:41 And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. [kjv]
και οστις σε αγγαρευσει μιλιον εν υπαγε μετ αυτου δυο [gnt]
… quicumque … angariaverit mille passus … cum illo … duo [v]
The "and" indicates that this verse is a continuation of the previous verse.
Who is meant by "whosoever"? It could just as well be a camel!
What does it mean to "compel to go"? (one word in Greek)
What is a "mile"? Why use a Roman distance rather than a Greek or Jewish distance?
The "one" is translated as "a" and placed after the word for "mile".
What does it mean to "go"? It should be "go away".
Who is "him"? It could be "it". The Latin word "illo" ≈ "it, that".
To what does the "two" or "twain" refer? Adding the word for "mile" with the proper ending might destroy any play on word meaning.
55. End of page
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
εν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε μετρηθησεται υμιν [gnt]
Matthew 24:17 Let him which is on the housetop not come down to take any thing out of his house: [kjv]
ο επι του δωματος μη καταβατω αραι τα εκ της οικιας αυτου [gnt]
24:18 Neither let him which is in the field return back to take his clothes. [kjv]
και ο εν τω αγρω μη επιστρεψατω οπισω αραι το ιματιον αυτου [gnt]
