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Matthew 7:1-2 Here comes the judge, but just barley
1. Matthew 7:1
KJV: Judge not, that ye be not judged.
Greek: μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε
Latin: nolite iudicare ut non iudicemini
Wessex: Nolite iudicare ut non iudicabimini. R. Nellen ge demen. þaet ge ne syen fordemde.
Wycliffe: Nile ye deme, `that ye be not demed; for in what doom ye demen,
Tyndale: Iudge not that ye be not iudged.
Luther: Richtet nicht, auf daß ihr nicht gerichtet werdet!
Slavonic: Не судите, да не судими будете:
2. Matthew 7:2
KJV: For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
Greek: εν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε αντιμετρηθησεται μετρηθησεται υμιν
Latin: in quo enim iudicio iudicaveritis iudicabimini et in qua mensura mensi fueritis metietur vobis
Wessex: Witodlice þam ilcan dome. þe ge demeð. eow beoð ge-demed. & on þam ylcan gemette þe ge meteð. eow beð ge-meten.
3. Matthew 7:1-2 Here comes the judge, but just barley
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
Barley is a cereal grain, known from ancient times, that has many uses. The usual process is to
seed it,
grow it,
harvest it, break it up, and winnow to separate the grain (fruit) from the chaff so that the grain can be used.
The ancient Greek word
"κρίνω" ≈ "separate" appears to be the related to
"κριθή" ≈ "barley" in that the grain needed to be separated to be used - allowing a play on words
"κριθήτε" ≈ "judged" as used by Jesus. The
"separation" is related to the English word
"rinse" and the Latin word
"discernere" ≈ "separate, divide, distinguish, discern" which is the source of the English word
"discern". The Latin word is from the Latin word
"cernere" ≈ "to separate".
Since separation is an important and sometimes misunderstood part of the three-step judgment process (separation of guilt or innocence, sentence, punishment) the connections can be interesting in, say, the context of Matthew 7.
4. Selecting a discerning judgment
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
And some people think that by not judging others they will not be judged.
Unfortunately, the Greek word translated for
"judge" has several meanings in English, none of which is the primary meaning in the time of the
GNT (Greek New Testament). The use of the Latin word
"iudico" ≈ "judge, decide, condemn" has influenced the change from (undirected) "
separation" to (directed) "
judge".
It appears that the word for
"separate", and related words in other branches of the
PIE (Proto Indo-European) language tree come from or are related to the word for
"barley".
5. Separate
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"κρίνω" ≈ "separate, distinguish" such as separating truth from fiction, innocent from guilty, good from bad, etc. This word is from the
PIE root
"*KREY" ≈ "sift, separate, divide" from which the following derive.
The Latin word "cerno" ≈ "separate, sift" and is the source of the English word "discern" from the Latin word "discernere" ≈ "separate, discern".
The English word "rinse" is from the Middle English word "rinsen" ≈ "rinse" which involves separating soap from what it cleaning, etc.
The German word "rein" ≈ "pure, clean" .
The Gothic word "hrains" ≈ "clean".
The modern Greek word "κρίνω" (KREE-no) ≈ "judge" appears to have been influenced by translators of the GNT.
6. Diagram
7. Judging the shampoo method for rinse
The
algorithm for using shampoo is often given as follows.
Wash/Lather.
Rinse as in "separate" (Greek word for judge)
Repeat.
One can do it
again, and
again, and
again, etc. When does one stop? Taken literally, this
algorithm has no termination condition. Perhaps they want to sell more shampoo.
How many times does one need to be "
born again"? What part is the same and what part is different? Fill the pews?
8. Church music repetition
Matthew 6:7 But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathen do: for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. [kjv]
προσευχομενοι δε μη βατταλογησητε ωσπερ οι εθνικοι δοκουσιν γαρ οτι εν τη πολυλογια αυτων εισακουσθησονται [gnt]
6:8 Be not ye therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him. [kjv]
μη ουν ομοιωθητε αυτοις οιδεν γαρ ο θεος ο πατηρ υμων ων χρειαν εχετε προ του υμας αιτησαι αυτον [gnt]
The next verse starts the "
Lord's Prayer". How many people, pastors, churches repeat the same thing again and again? There has been a trend in music in general and church music in specific ways for worship songs to use "
vain repetition" of "
much speaking" or "
many words" repetition.
9. Church music repetition
Matthew 6:7 But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathen do: for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. [kjv]
προσευχομενοι δε μη βατταλογησητε ωσπερ οι εθνικοι δοκουσιν γαρ οτι εν τη πολυλογια αυτων εισακουσθησονται [gnt]
The 1975 #1 disco hit song, part of which goes "
Oh that's the way, uh-huh, uh-huh, I like it. uh-huh uh-huh." (repeat with variations without end) by
KC and the Sunshine Band, contains what is, to many, empty words, repeated ad-nauseam
Some modern church music takes the cross, blood, even Jesus out of the lyrics. Some pastors try to reduce the blood to one drop.
10. Endocrinology
11. Pilate
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
When Pilate encounters Jesus, he has (at least)
three parts in the
judgment process.
1. Identify the charges and "separate" the facts: guilty or innocent
2. Determine the punishment, if needed.
3. Enforce the punishment, if needed.
The
first of these is what the Greek word
"judge" or
"separate", is concerned with in Matthew 7:1.
12. Judging related Greek words
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
Pilate has power to do all three parts. The only
"separation" in Matthew 7 is that of who is going through the "
narrow gate" (heaven) or remaining in the "
wide area" (hell).
13. Matthew 7:2 Judgment Day as Doomsday
Matthew 7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
… dome… demeð… ge-demed… gemette … meteð… ge-meten. [wes]
The Middle English word
"doom" ≈ "judgment" and the Old English word
"dome" ≈ "judgment" and are the source of the English word "
doomsday" is in "
judgment day".
The translation of
"judge" as a
directed action is from the
undirected action of
"separate".
In the same manner, the translation of
"measure" as a directed action is from the undirected action of
"distance" or that of
"exactness".
14. Matthew 7:2 Measures
Matthew 7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
εν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε μετρηθησεται υμιν [gnt]
… iudicio iudicaveritis iudicabimini … mensura mensi … metietur … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"μέτρον" ≈ "measure, distance" represents a
continuous range of
"distance" values and could be length, width, breadth, etc.
The act of "separation" is a division into (usually two) discrete parts as in "digital" or "quantum".
The act of "distance" is a continuous value such as "analog".
15. Aristotle: Metaphysics
English: And hence in the other classes too measure means that by which each is first known, and the measure of each is a unit - in length, in breadth, in depth, in weight, in speed.
Greek: ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις λέγεται μέτρον τε ᾧ ἕκαστον πρώτῳ γιγνώσκεται, καὶ τὸ μέτρον ἑκάστου ἕν, ἐν μήκει, ἐν πλάτει, ἐν βάθει, ἐν βάρει, ἐν τάχει … Metaphysics [1052b]
The ancient Greek word
"ταχύς" ≈ "quick, rapid, soon" where "
soon" requires a context to support that meaning. Adding
"μέτρον" ≈ "measure, distance" results in the English word
"tachometer".
In Revelation, the word for
"quick" as in
"speed" is translated
"soon" as in (it will happen that) "
Jesus is coming back soon" instead of (when it happens) "
Jesus is coming back quickly".
In Ephesians, Paul adds "
height" to "
length", "
breadth" and "
depth"
16. Strongs - measure
- *G3354 *11 μετρέω (met-reh'-o) : from G3358 μέτρον; to measure (i.e. ascertain in size by a fixed standard); by implication, to admeasure (i.e. allot by rule):--figuratively, to estimate:--measure, mete.
- μετρειτε *3
- Matthew 7:2 ... with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
- Mark 4:24 ... what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you: and ...
- Luke 6:38 ... with the same measure that ye mete withal it shall be measured to you again.
- μετρηθησεται *2
- Matthew 7:2 ... with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
- Mark 4:24 ... what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you: and ...
- εμετρησεν *2
- Revelation 21:16 ... as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve ...
- Revelation 21:17 And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty ...
- μετρουντες
- 2 Corinthians 10:12 ... themselves: but they measuring themselves by themselves, ...
- μετρησον
- Revelation 11:1 ... and the angel stood, saying, Rise, and measure the temple of God, and ...
- μετρησης
- Revelation 11:2 ... leave out, and measure it not; for ...
- μετρηση
- Revelation 21:15 ... a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates ...
- *G3358 *14 μέτρον (met'-ron) : an apparently primary word; a measure ("metre"), literally or figuratively; by implication, a limited portion (degree):-- measure.
- μετρον *8
- Matthew 23:32 Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers.
- Luke 6:38 ... unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal ...
- Romans 12:3 ... God hath dealt to every man the measure of faith.
- 2 Corinthians 10:13 ... but according to the measure of the rule which God hath distributed to us, a measure to reach even ...
- Ephesians 4:7 ... is given grace according to the measure of the gift of Christ.
- Ephesians 4:13 ... a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:
- Revelation 21:15 And he that talked with me had ...
- Revelation 21:17 ... and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.
- μετρω *4
- Matthew 7:2 ... and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
- Mark 4:24 ... ye hear: with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you: ...
- Luke 6:38 ... unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal ...
- Ephesians 4:16 ... according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh ...
- μετρου *2
- John 3:34 ... not the Spirit by measure unto him.
- 2 Corinthians 10:13 ... but according to the measure of the rule which God hath distributed to us, a measure to reach even ...
17. Usage - measure
*G3354 *11 μετρέω (met-reh'-o) : from G3358; to measure (i.e. ascertain in size by a fixed standard); by implication, to admeasure (i.e. allot by rule):--figuratively, to estimate:--measure, mete.
*G3358 *14 μέτρον (met'-ron) : an apparently primary word; a measure ("metre"), literally or figuratively; by implication, a limited portion (degree):-- measure.
 |
Words: εμετρησεν=2 μετρειτε=3 μετρηθησεται=2 μετρηση μετρησης μετρησον μετρον=8 μετρου=2 μετρουντες μετρω=4
|
18. Man as a measure
19. Matthew and Luke
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
Luke 6:37 Judge not, and ye shall not be judged: condemn not, and ye shall not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven: [kjv]
και μη κρινετε και ου μη κριθητεκαι μη καταδικαζετε και ου μη καταδικασθητε απολυετε και απολυθησεσθε [gnt]
Luke appears to repeat Matthew but adds
"condemn" which is
not in Matthew and appears to go against what Jesus said in general. That is, there are many things one can do to be
"condemned" in
"judgment" or
"separation" by God without actually
"condemning" others. Luke is repeating what people remembered from twenty-some years earlier.
Discuss: Does it make sense to say that if you do not
"condemn" anyone you will not be
"condemned" (regardless of what you do otherwise)?
The word translated "
forgive" is not the usual word for "
forgive".
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
|
20. Luke 6:37
KJV: Judge not, and ye shall not be judged: condemn not, and ye shall not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven:
Greek: και μη κρινετε και ου μη κριθητεκαι μη καταδικαζετε και ου μη καταδικασθητε απολυετε και απολυθησεσθε
Latin: nolite iudicare et non iudicabimini nolite condemnare et non condemnabimini dimittite et dimittemini
21. Usage - judge
*G2919 *109 κρίνω (kree'-no) : properly, to distinguish, i.e. decide (mentally or judicially); by implication, to try, condemn, punish:--avenge, conclude, condemn, damn, decree, determine, esteem, judge, go to (sue at the) law, ordain, call in question, sentence to, think.
Note that the primary or proper definition is that of distinguishing something an in selecting into (usually) two groups: good or bad, true or false, innocent or guilty, etc.
The accusation, condemnation, punishment, etc., was not the primary meaning at the time, but narrowed later to fit with what else was said by Jesus and what later theologians decided might fit better (for whatever purposes and) for what they had decided the text meant.
22. Judging and forgiving
Luke 6:37 Judge not, and ye shall not be judged: condemn not, and ye shall not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven: [kjv]
και μη κρινετε και ου μη κριθητεκαι μη καταδικαζετε και ου μη καταδικασθητε απολυετε και απολυθησεσθε [gnt]
Luke 6:37 brings out the distinction between various aspects of judging, adding ideas that are
not in Matthew.
1. Separate: Separate innocent from guilty
2. Condemn: Make the pronouncement of penalty
3. Enforce the penalty, not present here. Instead the word "forgive" is used, but not the usual word for "forgive".
In the
GNT, the words for "
forgive" and "
let go" and "
leave" or "
suffer" are the same Greek word but are sometimes translated the same. Luke uses a
different word that is translated as
"forgive"
23. Barley
The English word
"barley" which is from the Middle English word
"barli" ≈ "barley" which is from the Old English word
"bærlīċ" ≈ "barley".
These words are from the general English word "
bere" which is related to the English word "
brew".
The interest here, however, is not in the English word for "
barley" but the Greek word for "
barley".
24. Barley barn
25. Job 39:12 Corn crib
Job 39:12 Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn? [kjv]
πιστευσεις δε οτι αποδωσει σοι τον σπορον εισοισει δε σου τον αλωνα [lxx]
… aream … [v]
… cornfloor… [wy]
A "
corn crib" was like a barn but used primarily for "
corn". Today most people are more familiar with a "
baby crib" than a "
corn crib". The Latin word
"aream" ≈ "area" is the source of the English word "
area".
The Greek here is that of "
threshing floor" which is the source of the English word
"halo" and is related to another Greek word meaning "
rainbow" or "
halo".
26. Job 39:12
KJV: Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn?
Hebrew: התאמין בו כי ישוב זרעך וגרנך יאסף׃
Greek: πιστευσεις δε οτι αποδωσει σοι τον σπορον εισοισει δε σου τον αλωνα
Latin: numquid credes ei quoniam reddat sementem tibi et aream tuam congreget
Wycliffe: Whether thou schalt bileue to hym, that he schal yelde seed to thee, and schal gadere togidere thi cornfloor?
27. Proverbs and Luke
Proverbs 14:4 Where no oxen are, the crib is clean: but much increase is by the strength of the ox. [kjv]
ου μη εισιν βοες φατναι καθαραι ου δε πολλα γενηματα φανερα βοος ισχυς [lxx]
The etymology of "
crib" appears to be superficially related to the Greek word for "
barley" but no firm connection has been found. The word "
crib" may be related to the ancient Greek word
"γρῖφος" ≈ "fishing basket" and used by Aristophanes as a word for "
riddle". The modern Greek word
"γρίφος" (GHREE-fos) ≈ "puzzle".
The Greek word for "
crib" is that used for the "
crib" for baby Jesus at the birth.
Luke 2:12 And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. [kjv]
και τουτο υμιν σημειον ευρησετε βρεφος εσπαργανωμενον και κειμενον εν φατνη [gnt]
28. Proverbs 14:4
KJV: Where no oxen are, the crib is clean: but much increase is by the strength of the ox.
Hebrew: באין אלפים אבוס בר ורב תבואות בכח שור׃
Greek: ου μη εισιν βοες φατναι καθαραι ου δε πολλα γενηματα φανερα βοος ισχυς
Luther: Wo nicht Ochsen sind, da ist die Krippe rein; aber wo der Ochse geschäftig ist, da ist viel Einkommens.
29. Greek word
The ancient Greek word
"κριθή" ≈ "barley" and is a grain that needs to be separated to be used.
An interesting second definition of this Greek word is that of "
postule" on the eye as in a "
stye".
One can image the winnowing process whereby someone's eye got irritated because they got a "
barley eye" which eventually gets shortened to (in context) that they got a "
barley".
A word as, for example, a noun, can often be used as a verb, adjective, adverb, etc.
The noun "barley" as a grain.
The verb "barley" is in the process of winnowing, etc.
The adjective "barley eye" as a condition of the eye.
30. Matthew 7:2
Matthew 7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
εν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε μετρηθησεται υμιν [gnt]
… iudicio iudicaveritis iudicabimini … mensura mensi … metietur … [v]
In Matthew 7 terms, the words for "
separate" and "
barley" are very close (as in a pun) and the very next verses talk about the "
splinter" or "
mote" in the eye as in a "
barley eye".
The ancient Greek word "κριθητε" ≈ "separated"
The ancient Greek word "κριθη" ≈ "barley" and which could refer to a "postule" in or on the eye.
31. Judging words
 |
Words: εκριθη εκριθησαν=2 εκρινα=3 εκρινας=2 εκρινεν=2 εκρινομεθα κεκρικα=2 κεκρικατε κεκρικει κεκρικεν κεκριμενα κεκριται=2 κριθηναι=3 κριθησεσθε=1 κριθησονται κριθητε=3 κριθωσι κριθωσιν κριναι κριναντας κριναντες=2 κριναντος κρινας κρινατε=6 κρινει=13 κρινειν=3 κρινεις=4 κρινεσθαι=5 κρινεται=5 κρινετε=9 κρινετω=2 κρινη κρινομαι=3 κρινομενοι κρινομενος κρινοντα=2 κρινοντες=2 κρινοντι κρινουμεν κρινουσιν κρινω=8 κρινωμεν κρινων=8
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32. Punishment
33. Matthew 7:1-2 Separate and distance
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
μη κρινετε ινα μη κριθητε [gnt]
7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
εν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε μετρηθησεται υμιν [gnt]
The
KJV (King James Version) translates as
"judge" the ancient Greek word
"κρίνω" ≈ "separate, distinguish" as in a
"divide" or
"separate" that results in a
discrete "
yes" or "
no" answer such as "
guilty" or "
not guilty".
The ancient Greek word
"μέτρον" ≈ "measure" represents a
continuous range of
"distance" values.
Note that, as in computer science reasoning, if there is no
"separation" then the
"distance" is not important since the
"distance" would be zero or nothing. One then need not even consider "
distance". The same type of reasoning is in the following verses having to do with "
twigs" or "
motes" and "
beams".
34. Parts of speech
| Matthew 7:1 |
| Strong |
Used |
Unique |
Word |
Part of speech |
| G3361 |
1029 |
1021 |
μη |
participle negative |
| G2919 |
112 |
9 |
κρινετε |
verb present active imperative 2nd person plural |
| G2443 |
665 |
665 |
ινα |
conjunction |
| G3361 |
1029 |
1021 |
μη |
participle negative |
| G2919 |
112 |
3 |
κριθητε |
verb aorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural |
| Matthew 7:2 |
| Strong |
Used |
Unique |
Word |
Part of speech |
| G1722 |
2735 |
2735 |
εν |
preposition |
| G3739 |
1398 |
121 |
ω |
relative pronoun dative singular neuter |
| G1063 |
1033 |
1032 |
γαρ |
conjunction |
| G2917 |
27 |
2 |
κριματι |
noun dative singular neuter |
| G2919 |
112 |
9 |
κρινετε |
verb present active indicative 2nd person plural |
| G2919 |
112 |
1 |
κριθησεσθε |
verb future indicative passive 2nd person plural |
| G2532 |
8954 |
8954 |
και |
conjunction |
| G1722 |
2735 |
2735 |
εν |
preposition |
| G3739 |
1398 |
121 |
ω |
relative pronoun dative singular neuter |
| G3358 |
14 |
4 |
μετρω |
noun dative singular neuter |
| G3354 |
11 |
3 |
μετρειτε |
verb present active indicative 2nd person plural |
| G3354 |
11 |
2 |
μετρηθησεται |
verb future passive indicative 3rd person singular |
| G5210 |
1802 |
595 |
υμιν |
personal pronoun 2nd person dative plural |
Many take the second person plural and apply the rule to each person in the group. The group connection from Matthew 18:15-17 appears to apply the rule to the groups. In the Matthew 18 context (not just these verses), the phrase "
better together" can have negative consequences where "
better apart" may fit
better.
35. Blinding flash of the obvious
In perhaps a "
blinding flash of the obvious", the following connections to Matthew 7:1-2 are observed.
Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. [kjv]
7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
… iudicio iudicaveritis iudicabimini … mensura mensi … metietur … [v]
If you (plural, by implication group)
"separate" as in
"judge" then you (group) will be
"separated" (
discrete measure), for better or worse.
If you (plural, by implication group)
"distance" yourself as in
"measure", then you (group) will be
"distanced" (
continuous measure), for better or worse.
An important
"separation" is that of separating oneself from the love of Christ.
36. Separation and decision
Some interesting verses in the
GNT are often translated as "
judge" which is often interpreted in the modern English sense rather than in the more restricted ancient Greek sense.
This appears to have possibly come through Latin in a "
whisper game" whereby subtle changes to the meaning happen over time such as the Latin having multiple meanings, one of which is the original Greek meaning and later translators taking another Latin meaning as the original meaning.
37. John 3:19
John 3:19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. [kjv]
αυτη δε εστιν η κρισις οτι το φως εληλυθεν εις τον κοσμον και ηγαπησαν οι ανθρωποι μαλλον το σκοτος η το φως ην γαρ αυτων πονηρα τα εργα [gnt]
… iudicium … [v]
… dom … [wes]
… dom… [wy]
In this and the following verses, think of the
"judge" or
"condemnation" as a
"separation" process, such as in the parable of the sheep and goats.
38. John 3:19
KJV: And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.
Greek: αυτη δε εστιν η κρισις οτι το φως εληλυθεν εις τον κοσμον και ηγαπησαν οι ανθρωποι μαλλον το σκοτος η το φως ην γαρ πονηρα αυτων πονηρα τα εργα
Latin: hoc est autem iudicium quia lux venit in mundum et dilexerunt homines magis tenebras quam lucem erant enim eorum mala opera
Wessex: þaet ys se dom þaet leoht com on middan-eard. & men lufeden þeostre swiðor þonne þaet leoht. Heora werc waeren yfele.
Wycliffe: And this is the dom, for liyt cam in to the world, and men loueden more derknessis than liyt; for her werkes weren yuele.
39. John 8:16
John 8:16 And yet if I judge, my judgment is true: for I am not alone, but I and the Father that sent me. [kjv]
και εαν κρινω δε εγω η κρισις η εμη αληθινη εστιν οτι μονος ουκ ειμι αλλ εγω και ο πεμψας με πατηρ [gnt]
… iudico … iudicium … [v]
… deme… dom … [wes]
… deme… doom … [wy]
40. John 8:16
KJV: And yet if I judge, my judgment is true: for I am not alone, but I and the Father that sent me.
Greek: και εαν κρινω δε εγω η κρισις η εμη αληθης αληθινη εστιν οτι μονος ουκ ειμι αλλ εγω και ο πεμψας με πατηρ
Latin: et si iudico ego iudicium meum verum est quia solus non sum sed ego et qui me misit Pater
Wessex: & gyf ich deme; min dom ys soð. For-þan þe ich ne eom äne. ac ich & se fader þe me sende.
Wycliffe: and if Y deme, my doom is trewe, for Y am not aloone, but Y and the fadir that sente me.
41. John 12:31
42. John 12:31
KJV: Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out.
Greek: νυν κρισις εστιν του κοσμου τουτου νυν ο αρχων του κοσμου τουτου εκβληθησεται εξω
Latin: nunc iudicium est mundi nunc princeps huius mundi eicietur foras
Wessex: Nu ys middan-eardes dom. nu beod þises middan-eardes ealdor ut aworpen.
Wycliffe: Now is the doom of the world, now the prince of this world schal be cast out.
43. Hebrews 9:27
Hebrews 9:27 And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment: [kjv]
και καθ οσον αποκειται τοις ανθρωποις απαξ αποθανειν μετα δε τουτο κρισις [gnt]
… iudicium [v]
44. Hebrews 9:27
KJV: And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment:
Greek: και καθ οσον αποκειται τοις ανθρωποις απαξ αποθανειν μετα δε τουτο κρισις
Latin: et quemadmodum statutum est hominibus semel mori post hoc autem iudicium
Tyndale: And as it is apoynted vnto men that they shall once dye and then commeth the iudegement even
45. James 2:13
James 2:13 For he shall have judgment without mercy, that hath shewed no mercy; and mercy rejoiceth against judgment. [kjv]
η γαρ κρισις ανελεος τω μη ποιησαντι ελεος κατακαυχαται ελεος κρισεως [gnt]
iudicium … iudicio [v]
… dom … dom. [wy]
The Middle English word
"dom" ≈ "judgment" and is the source of the English word
"doomsday".
46. James 2:13
KJV: For he shall have judgment without mercy, that hath shewed no mercy; and mercy rejoiceth against judgment.
Greek: η γαρ κρισις ανιλεως ανελεος τω μη ποιησαντι ελεος και κατακαυχαται ελεος κρισεως
Latin: iudicium enim sine misericordia illi qui non fecit misericordiam superexultat autem misericordia iudicio
Wycliffe: For whi dom with out merci is to hym, that doith no mercy; but merci aboue reisith dom.
Geneva: For there shalbe condemnation merciles to him that sheweth not mercie, and mercie reioyceth against condemnation.
47. First Clement
English: For he said this: Show mercy, so that you may receive mercy; forgive, so that you may be forgiven. As you do, so shall it be done to you. As you give, so shall it be given to you. As you judge, so shall you be judged. As you show kindness, so shall kindness be shown to you. With the measure you use it will be measured to you. (Holmes, 2007, p. 61)
Greek: οὕτως γὰρ εἶπεν· Ἐλεᾶτε, ἵνα ἐλεηθῆτε· ἀφίετε, ἵνα ἀφεθῇ ὑμῖν· ... ὡς χρηστεύεσθε, οὕτως ψρηστευθήσεται ὑμῖν· ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, ἐν αὐτῷ μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν. First Clement [13.2]
Note: Some of the Greek does not appear to have been in WikiSource.
It may be a translation issue, but the English does not appear to logically follow from what Jesus said in the
GNT. Specifically, using the
KJV and
"judge" (the others appear similar).
Jesus: Do not judge that you not be judged.
Clement: As you judge you shall be judged.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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48. Polycarp to the Philippians
Polycarp repeats what Jesus said. It is not clear how the meanings of words and what the words were thought to have meant, changed in the 150 years since Jesus said the words (e.g., as recorded by Matthew).
English: Do not judge, so that you may not be judged; forgive, and you will be forgiven; show mercy, so that you may be shown mercy; with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you. (Holmes, 2007, p. 283)
Greek: Μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε· ἀφίετε, καὶ ἀφεθήσεται ὑμῖν· ἐλεεῖτε, ἵνα ἐλεηθῆτε· ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν· Polycary to the Philippians [2.3]
49. Epistle to Diognetus
English: for compulsion is no attribute of God. When he sent him, he did so as one calling, not pursuing; when he sent him, he did so as one loving, not judging. For he will send him as a judge, and who will endure his coming? (Holmes, 2007, p. 707)
Greek: βία γὰρ οὐ πρόσεστι τῷ ... ὡς ἀγαπῶν, οὐ κρίνων. πέμψει γὰρ αὐτὸν κρίνοντα· καὶ τίς αὐτοῦ τὴν παρουσίαν ὑπουσίαν ὑποστήσεται; . Epistle to Diognetus [8.4-8.6]
Note: Some of the Greek does not appear to have been in WikiSource.
This "
freedom from compulsion" appears to be one factor in a disputed book or text not being accepted by the religious authorities.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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50. John 7:23-24
John 7:23 If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the sabbath day? [kjv]
ει περιτομην λαμβανει ο ανθρωπος εν σαββατω ινα μη λυθη ο νομος μωυσεως εμοι χολατε οτι ολον ανθρωπον υγιη εποιησα εν σαββατω [gnt]
7:24 Judge not according to the appearance, but judge righteous judgment. [kjv]
μη κρινετε κατ οψιν αλλα την δικαιαν κρισιν κρινετε [gnt]
… iudicare … faciem … iustum iudicium iudicate [v]
Point of view is important.
☐ Appearance of others.
☐ Your view of others.
The Latin uses almost the same word for
"judge" and
"righteous".
51. John 7:23
KJV: If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the sabbath day?
Greek: ει περιτομην λαμβανει ο ανθρωπος εν σαββατω ινα μη λυθη ο νομος μωσεως μωυσεως εμοι χολατε οτι ολον ανθρωπον υγιη εποιησα εν σαββατω
52. John 7:24
KJV: Judge not according to the appearance, but judge righteous judgment.
Greek: μη κρινετε κατ οψιν αλλα την δικαιαν κρισιν κρινατε κρινετε
Latin: nolite iudicare secundum faciem sed iustum iudicium iudicate
53. Exactness of measurement
Matthew 7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. [kjv]
εν ω γαρ κριματι κρινετε κριθησεσθε και εν ω μετρω μετρειτε μετρηθησεται υμιν [gnt]
… iudicio iudicaveritis iudicabimini … mensura mensi … metietur … [v]
Here are some interesting observations on the exactness of measurement as applied to Matthew 7:2. These notes will later be integrated into the above discussion.
The ancient Greek word
"μέτρον" ≈ "measure, distance" but the word can be used in the sense of
"exactness". Aristotle does this.
Paraphrase:
and with the exactness that you use, that exactness shall be applied to you.
This paraphrase can be compared and contrasted to the "
trespasses" or "
stupid things" from the previous chapter.
54. Aristotle: On Memory and Recollection
English: The impulse relating to time is of two kinds. Sometimes one remembers a fact without an exact estimate of time, such as that one did so and so the day before yesterday, and sometimes with an exact estimate; but it is still an act of memory. (Loeb#288, p. 309)
Greek: ἡ δὲ τοῦ χρόνου διττή ἐστιν. ὁτὲ μὲν γὰρ μέτρῳ οὐ μέμνηται αὐτόν, οἷον ὅτι τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ὁδήποτε ἐποίησεν, ὁτὲ δὲ καὶ μέτρῳ. ἀλλὰ μέμνηται καὶ ἐὰν μὴ μέτρῳ. [458a]
English: Men are accustomed to say that they remember an occurrence, but that they do not know when it occurred, when they do not know the length of the period exactly. (Loeb#288, p. 309)
Greek: εἰώθασι δὲ λέγειν ὅτι μέμνηνται μέν, πότε μέντοι οὐκ ἴσασιν, ὅταν μὴ γνωρίζωσι τοῦ πότε τὸ ποσὸν μέτρῳ. … [458a]
55. Matthew 6:14-15 Going astray in pursuit
Matthew 6:14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: [kjv]
εαν γαρ αφητε τοις ανθρωποις τα παραπτωματα αυτων αφησει και υμιν ο πατηρ υμων ο ουρανιος [gnt]
6:15 But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. [kjv]
εαν δε μη αφητε τοις ανθρωποις τα παραπτωματα αυτων ουδε ο πατηρ υμων αφησει τα παραπτωματα υμων [gnt]
The word often translated as
"trespass" is the ancient Greek word
"παράπτωσις" ≈ "impetuous pursuit, going astray". The parts of the word mean, literally, going
"beyond falling" as in "
fault" of imperfection.
The ancient Greek word "παρά" ≈ "beyond" and, in this case, "excessive".
The ancient Greek word "πτῶσις" ≈ "falling, failing". In the Beatitudes, the Greek word is used to describe those who are "poor" "beggars" in "spirit" and need the "good news".
A general English phrase for this might be
"stupid things" that are done (by you or others).
56. Forgiveness hierarchy
Here is a forgiveness hierarchy, perhaps exaggerated at the outer level.
Which is easier? Which is harder?
Forgive others of their "trespasses", sins or debts against you.
Forgive others of their "trespasses", sins or debts that could be against anyone.
Forgive others of their "impetuous pursuit" or "falling down" or "stupid things" done that should not be done, even if it is not a trespass, sin or debt.
Discuss: What implication does this have for advocating political or social change?
57. End of page
