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Matthew 21:41-45 Winnowing the wheat and chaff to stone-ground powder
1. Matthew 21:42
Matthew 21:42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? [kjv]
2. Matthew 21:42
KJV: Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?
Greek: λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε εν ταις γραφαις λιθον ον απεδοκιμασαν οι οικοδομουντες ουτος εγενηθη εις κεφαλην γωνιας παρα κυριου εγενετο αυτη και εστιν θαυμαστη εν οφθαλμοις ημων
3. Matthew 21:41-45 Verses
Matthew 21:41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons. [kjv]
λεγουσιν αυτω κακους κακως απολεσει αυτους και τον αμπελωνα εκδωσεται αλλοις γεωργοις οιτινες αποδωσουσιν αυτω τους καρπους εν τοις καιροις αυτων [gnt]
21:42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? [kjv]
21:43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof. [kjv]
δια τουτο λεγω υμιν οτι αρθησεται αφ υμων η βασιλεια του θεου και δοθησεται εθνει ποιουντι τους καρπους αυτης [gnt]
21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
21:45 And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them. [kjv]
και ακουσαντες οι αρχιερεις και οι φαρισαιοι τας παραβολας αυτου εγνωσαν οτι περι αυτων λεγει [gnt]
4. Matthew 21:41-45 Winnowing the wheat and chaff to stone-ground powder
Matthew 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
In Matthew 21:44, Jesus makes a statement about a stone grinding some to powder. What is this "
stone" that appears in two roles? There appear to be some translation issues involving "
broken", "
grind" and "
powder".
The process of "
winnowing" is that of separating the grain from the chaff. In ancient times, this was done using a stone threshing floor. The grain was thrown onto the stone floor to break it up into pieces. Additional breaking was done as needed.
5. Location
The mixture of wheat and chaff was then moved around, thrown up in the air, etc., such that the wind would pull away the chaff and the grain would fall to the stone floor.
Threshing floors were often at the top of a hill so that, by the
Bernoulli effect, the wind would be intensified to make the winnowing easier.
6. Blowin' in the wind
So, in keeping with the topic of winnowing, we might state the following about the chaff that "
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind".
The song "
Blowin' in the wind" was a popular song written by Bob Dylan in 1962. It was redone by Peter, Paul and Mary in 1963 (right after the Bob Dylan version was released).
7. First verse
The first verse and chorus to "
Blowin' in the wind" is as follows.
How many roads must a man walk down
Before you call him a man?
How many seas must a white dove sail
Before she sleeps in the sand?
Yes, and how many times must the cannonballs fly
Before they're forever banned?
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind
8. Gone with the wind
The chaff, then, is "
Gone with the wind", the name of a 1939 movie from the 1936 book of the same name by Margaret Mitchell.
9. Context
Matthew 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
The context of the this verse is the parable of the bad tenants. The ending of that parable is three verses earlier.
10. Matthew 21:41 Parable of the bad tenants
Matthew 21:41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons. [kjv]
λεγουσιν αυτω κακους κακως απολεσει αυτους και τον αμπελωνα εκδωσεται αλλοις γεωργοις οιτινες αποδωσουσιν αυτω τους καρπους εν τοις καιροις αυτων [gnt]
The parable of the wicked husbandmen, sometimes called the parable of the bad tenants, Matthew 21:33-41 and basically repeated in Mark and Luke (both omitted), Jesus relates how the bad tenants did not fulfill their duties and, on return of the owner, were destroyed. This parable also appears in the Gospel of Thomas.
Jesus ends the parable in the above verse.
11. Matthew 21:41
KJV: They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons.
Greek: λεγουσιν αυτω κακους κακως απολεσει αυτους και τον αμπελωνα εκδοσεται εκδωσεται αλλοις γεωργοις οιτινες αποδωσουσιν αυτω τους καρπους εν τοις καιροις αυτων
12. Parable groups
There are many interpretations of this parable, but there are
two groups.
The tenants or husbandmen are those in charge of the vineyard as in "the house built on sand".
The vineyard appears to represent the common person as in "the house built on the rock".
13. Matthew 7 Houses built on sand and on rock
14. Rock and sand
Build your house on the granite
rock of Jesus and not on the human sand (or stones) of man, Matthew 7:24-27. Sand is a chip off the old block of granite and made in the image of granite.
Church of believers built on the rock of Christ .
Church of believers built on the sand of man .
The higher one goes up the human
sand hierarchy or
sand tree, the more the temptation to ignore the foundation of the
rock and to start to "
influence" or "
manipulate" others as "
leaders" for one's own purposes.
To the extent that the Church of believers built on the sand of man helps one do what Jesus wants them to do, it is good. To the extent it does not, it is not good.
Some
birds will make "
stones" (sand on which to build their birdhouse) appear as "
bread". That is, give "
bad" "
gifts" or "
houses" to their "
children".
15. Application - then and now
The "
tenants" were not doing what they were supposed to be doing. One can see this in some modern churches. As such, this parable had (and has) an immediate application to the religious leaders and infrastructure of the time - both first and second coming of Jesus.
Jesus often speaks in terms that have wider meaning and application.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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16. Matthew 21:42 Rock hard evidence of the key stone of the rejected cornerstone
Matthew 21:42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? [kjv]
λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε εν ταις γραφαις λιθον ον απεδοκιμασαν οι οικοδομουντες ουτος εγενηθη εις κεφαλην γωνιας παρα κυριου εγενετο αυτη και εστιν θαυμαστη εν οφθαλμοις ημων [gnt]
The "
stone", as in the "
stone the builders rejected", is usually taken to be Jesus.
The verses in Mark 12:10 and Luke 20:17 repeat the same idea.
The ancient Greek word
"γωνία" ≈ "corner, angle". and is the source of the English suffix
"gon" as in "
polygon". A "
triangle" has "
three" "
corners".
17. Matthew 21:43 Kingdom taken
Matthew 21:43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof. [kjv]
δια τουτο λεγω υμιν οτι αρθησεται αφ υμων η βασιλεια του θεου και δοθησεται εθνει ποιουντι τους καρπους αυτης [gnt]
Matthew uses
"kingdom" of
"God" rather than
"kingdom" of
"heaven/air". Is there a difference? If so, is it important?
This verse refers to the kingdom being taken and given to another. This verse is not a direct part of the current discussion. The word for "
nation" here means a "
people". Who is "
you"? Discuss:
Can one destroy the "tenants" but not the "vineyard"?
Would any new "tenants" do better than the old "tenants"?
Does this verse apply just to the religious infrastructure or to both the religious infrastructure and the people for which they are responsible?
Is the "kingdom" of "God" taken from them or is the position as gatekeepers to the "kingdom" of "God" taken from them, or something else?
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Details are left as a future topic.
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18. Matthew 21:43
KJV: Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.
Greek: δια τουτο λεγω υμιν οτι αρθησεται αφ υμων η βασιλεια του θεου και δοθησεται εθνει ποιουντι τους καρπους αυτης
19. Matthew 21:44 Stones
Matthew 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
Given the preceding context, we are interested in this verse. This verse appears to apply to those of the religious establishment but is stated in a more general way that appears to have wider and more general application.
The main words here are "
stone", "
broken", and the two words "
grind" and "
powder" which in the Greek are one word.
The "
stone" appears to refer to Jesus but may represent an actual "
stone" in a literal context.
20. Matthew 21:44
KJV: And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
Greek: και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον
21. And a big but
Matthew 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
The "
but" in the
KJV (King James Version) is a connective word in the Greek that can mean "
but", "
and", "
also", "
or", etc.
The implication in English of "
but" is that there are two mutually exclusive cases as in "
one or the other happen, but not both". The implication in English of "
and" or "
also" is that the two cases can be the same or overlap in same way. That is, it may be the case that the two parts are not
mutually exclusive.
The word "
fall" appears to have connections with the parable of the houses built on rock and sand or the sparrows who sell themselves falling since the are without God.
22. Strongs - but
- *G1161 *2771 δέ (deh) : a primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and, etc.:--also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
- δε *2755
- Matthew 1:2 Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat ...
- Matthew 1:3 And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; ...
- Matthew 1:4 And Aram begat Aminadab; and Aminadab begat Naasson; ...
- Matthew 1:5 And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed ...
- Matthew 1:6 And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat ...
- Matthew 1:7 And Solomon begat Roboam; and Roboam begat Abia; ...
- Matthew 1:8 And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; ...
- Matthew 1:9 And Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham begat Achaz; ...
- Matthew 1:10 And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; ...
- Matthew 1:11 And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, ...
- Matthew 1:12 And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel;
- Matthew 1:13 And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; ...
- Matthew 1:14 And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; ...
- Matthew 1:15 And Eliud begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; ...
- Matthew 1:16 And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, ...
- Matthew 1:18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: ...
- Matthew 1:19 Then Joseph her husband, being a just ...
- Matthew 1:20 But while he thought on these things, behold, ...
- Matthew 1:21 And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his ...
- Matthew 1:22 Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled ...
- Matthew 1:24 Then Joseph being raised from sleep did ...
- Matthew 2:1 Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea ...
- Matthew 2:3 When Herod the king had heard these things, he was troubled, and ...
- Matthew 2:5 And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judaea: ...
- Matthew 2:8 ... diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring ...
- Matthew 2:9 When they had heard the king, they departed; and, lo, ...
- Matthew 2:10 When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.
- Matthew 2:13 And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord ...
- Matthew 2:14 When he arose, he took the young child and his ...
- Matthew 2:19 But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord ...
- Matthew 2:21 And he arose, and took the young child and his ...
- Matthew 2:22 But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, ...
- Matthew 3:1 In those days came John the Baptist, ...
- Matthew 3:4 And the same John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was ...
- Matthew 3:7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees ...
- Matthew 3:10 And now also the axe is laid unto ...
- Matthew 3:11 ... water unto repentance: but he that cometh after ...
- Matthew 3:12 ... wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.
- Matthew 3:14 But John forbad him, saying, I ...
- Matthew 3:15 And Jesus answering said unto him, ...
- Matthew 3:16 And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out ...
- Matthew 4:4 But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall ...
- Matthew 4:12 Now when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, ...
- Matthew 4:18 And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, ...
- Matthew 4:20 And they straightway left their nets, and followed him.
- Matthew 4:22 And they immediately left the ship and their ...
- Matthew 5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: ...
- Matthew 5:13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, ...
- Matthew 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to ...
- Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever ...
- Matthew 5:29 And if thy right eye offend ...
- Matthew 5:31 It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give ...
- Matthew 5:32 But I say unto you, That whosoever ...
- Matthew 5:33 ... Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:
- Matthew 5:34 But I say unto you, Swear not ...
- Matthew 5:37 But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh ...
- Matthew 5:39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not ...
- Matthew 5:44 But I say unto you, Love your ...
- Matthew 6:1 ... to be seen of them: otherwise ye have no reward ...
- Matthew 6:3 But when thou doest alms, let ...
- Matthew 6:6 But thou, when thou prayest, enter into ...
- Matthew 6:7 But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as ...
- Matthew 6:15 But if ye forgive not men their ...
- Matthew 6:16 Moreover when ye fast, be not, as ...
- Matthew 6:17 But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, ...
- Matthew 6:20 But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, ...
- Matthew 6:23 But if thine eye be evil, ...
- Matthew 6:27 Which of you by taking thought can add ...
- Matthew 6:29 And yet I say unto you, That even Solomon ...
- Matthew 6:30 Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass ...
- Matthew 6:33 But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and ...
- Matthew 7:3 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam ...
- Matthew 7:15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
- Matthew 7:17 ... bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth ...
- Matthew 8:1 When he was come down from the mountain, great ...
- Matthew 8:5 And when Jesus was entered into Capernaum, ...
- Matthew 8:8 The centurion answered and said, Lord, I am ...
- Matthew 8:10 When Jesus heard it, he marvelled, and said ...
- Matthew 8:11 And I say unto you, That many shall come ...
- Matthew 8:12 But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer ...
- Matthew 8:16 When the even was come, they brought unto him many ...
- Matthew 8:18 Now when Jesus saw great multitudes ...
- Matthew 8:20 ... the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath ...
- Matthew 8:21 And another of his disciples said ...
- Matthew 8:22 But Jesus said unto him, Follow me; ...
- Matthew 8:24 ... was covered with the waves: but he was asleep.
- Matthew 8:27 But the men marvelled, saying, What manner of man is ...
- Matthew 8:30 And there was a good way off from them an herd ...
- Matthew 8:31 So the devils besought him, saying, If ...
- Matthew 8:32 And he said unto them, Go. And when they were come out, they went into ...
- Matthew 8:33 And they that kept them fled, and went their ways into ...
- Matthew 9:6 But that ye may know that the Son of man ...
- Matthew 9:8 But when the multitudes saw it, they marvelled, and ...
- Matthew 9:12 But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, ...
- Matthew 9:13 But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have ...
- Matthew 9:14 ... the Pharisees fast oft, but thy disciples fast not?
- Matthew 9:15 ... is with them? but the days will come, when ...
- Matthew 9:16 No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto ...
- Matthew 9:17 ... wine into old bottles: else the bottles break, ...
- Matthew 9:22 But Jesus turned him about, and when he saw her, ...
- Matthew 9:25 But when the people were put forth, he went in, and took ...
- Matthew 9:28 And when he was come into the house, the blind men came ...
- Matthew 9:31 But they, when they were departed, spread abroad his fame ...
- Matthew 9:32 As they went out, behold, they brought to him ...
- Matthew 9:34 But the Pharisees said, He casteth out devils through ...
- Matthew 9:36 But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them, ...
- Matthew 9:37 ... The harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few;
- Matthew 10:2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are ...
- Matthew 10:6 But go rather to the lost sheep ...
- Matthew 10:7 And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand.
- Matthew 10:12 And when ye come into an house, salute it.
- Matthew 10:13 ... come upon it: but if it be not ...
- Matthew 10:17 But beware of men: for they will deliver ...
- Matthew 10:18 And ye shall be brought before governors and kings for ...
- Matthew 10:19 But when they deliver you up, take ...
- Matthew 10:21 And the brother shall deliver up the brother to death, ...
- Matthew 10:22 ... my name's sake: but he that endureth to ...
- Matthew 10:23 But when they persecute you in this ...
- Matthew 10:28 ... them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear ...
- Matthew 10:30 But the very hairs of your ...
- Matthew 11:2 Now when John had heard in the prison the works ...
- Matthew 11:7 And as they departed, Jesus began to say ...
- Matthew 11:11 ... a greater than John the Baptist: notwithstanding he that is least in the kingdom ...
- Matthew 11:12 And from the days of John the Baptist until ...
- Matthew 11:16 But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is ...
- Matthew 12:1 ... the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, ...
- Matthew 12:2 But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, ...
- Matthew 12:3 But he said unto them, Have ye not ...
- Matthew 12:6 But I say unto you, That in this place is ...
- Matthew 12:7 But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have ...
- Matthew 12:11 And he said unto them, What man ...
- Matthew 12:14 Then the Pharisees went out, and held a council against ...
- Matthew 12:15 But when Jesus knew it, he withdrew himself from thence: and ...
- Matthew 12:24 But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This fellow doth ...
- Matthew 12:25 And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said ...
- Matthew 12:28 But if I cast out devils by ...
- Matthew 12:31 ... blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost ...
- Matthew 12:36 But I say unto you, That every idle ...
- Matthew 12:39 But he answered and said unto them, An ...
- Matthew 12:43 When the unclean spirit is gone out of ...
- Matthew 12:47 Then one said unto him, Behold, thy ...
- Matthew 12:48 But he answered and said unto him that told him, ...
- Matthew 13:5 Some fell upon stony places, where they had ...
- Matthew 13:6 And when the sun was up, they were scorched; and because ...
- Matthew 13:7 And some fell among thorns; and ...
- Matthew 13:8 But other fell into good ground, and brought forth fruit, some an hundredfold, some sixtyfold, some thirtyfold.
- Matthew 13:11 ... the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given.
- Matthew 13:12 ... shall be given, and he shall have more abundance: but whosoever hath not, ...
- Matthew 13:16 But blessed are your eyes, for they see: ...
- Matthew 13:20 But he that received the seed into stony places, the same is ...
- Matthew 13:21 Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while: for when tribulation or persecution ...
- Matthew 13:22 He also that received seed among the thorns is ...
- Matthew 13:23 But he that received seed into the good ground is he that heareth the word, and understandeth it; which also beareth fruit, and bringeth forth, some an hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.
- Matthew 13:25 But while men slept, his enemy ...
- Matthew 13:26 But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth ...
- Matthew 13:27 So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, ...
- Matthew 13:28 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, ...
- Matthew 13:29 But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ...
- Matthew 13:30 ... to burn them: but gather the wheat into ...
- Matthew 13:32 ... the least of all seeds: but when it is grown, it is ...
- Matthew 13:37 He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed ...
- Matthew 13:38 The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are ...
- δ *22
- Matthew 5:19 ... in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and ...
- Matthew 5:21 ... Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be ...
- Matthew 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to ...
- Matthew 10:11 And into whatsoever city or town ...
- Matthew 10:33 But whosoever shall deny me before men, ...
- Matthew 12:32 ... of man, it shall be forgiven him: but who soever speaketh ...
- Matthew 16:25 ... life shall lose it: and whosoever will lose his ...
- Matthew 18:6 But whoso shall offend one of these ...
- Matthew 23:16 ... the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by ...
- Matthew 23:18 ... the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by ...
- Matthew 27:44 The thieves also, which were crucified with him, cast the same ...
- Mark 3:29 But he that shall blaspheme against the Holy ...
- Mark 8:35 ... life shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his ...
- Luke 9:24 ... life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his ...
- Luke 10:5 And into whatsoever house ye enter, first ...
- Luke 10:10 But into whatsoever city ye enter, and ...
- Luke 20:18 ... that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, ...
- John 4:14 But whosoever drinketh of the water that ...
- 2 Corinthians 11:21 ... though we had been weak. Howbeit whereinsoever any is bold, ...
- 1 John 2:5 But whoso keepeth his word, in ...
- 1 John 3:17 But whoso hath this world's good, and ...
23. Usage - but
*G1161 *2771 δέ (deh) : a primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and, etc.:--also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
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Words: δ=22 δε=2755
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24. Sets: Mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive
Items in a set can be partitioned into categories in many ways.
Given a set:
There is a question or relation.
There are answers or equivalence sets (without an ordering)
Mutually exclusive means that "yes" or a "no" are distinct and cannot be both at the same time.
Collectively exhaustive means that everything must be either a "yes" or a "no". There are no other possibilities.
Question |
Possible |
Answers |
Relation |
Equivalence |
Sets |
Is it true? |
yes |
no |
What sex are you? |
male |
female |
Who do you serve? |
God |
mammon |
25. Collectively exhaustive
It may also be the case, as we shall see, that the two cases are not
collectively exhaustive. That is, there appears to be another case into which people might fall.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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For now, we will be concerned with just the people to which this verse applies.
26. Ambiguity
The Greek connective could/should then be translated as to which sense makes most sense - or provide a footnote or clarification. The following might be a better way - with minimal changes to the
KJV.
Matthew 21:44 (adjusted paraphrase)
And whosoever shall fall on this stone (stumbling block) shall be broken and/or/but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
Discuss: Is the "
grind to powder" good or bad? Do you want to be "
ground to powder"?
The fact that this verse was not translated in this way shows the subtle influence of what one thinks the passage means to how it is translated. The same phenomena happens in areas such as computer science.
27. Tools and thinking
The tools we use have a profound (and devious!) influence on our thinking habits, and, therefore, on our thinking abilities. Dijkstra, E. (June 18, 1975). "How do we tell truths that hurt?", EWD 498.
We often see what we want to see and find what it is we have determined we are looking for. One name for this is "
confirmation bias".
The same idea can be applied to one's favorite translation of the Bible. This is one reason that one may want to go back to and study the original Language.
28. Translation unknowns
When translating Bible passages, what should be done when the meaning of the passage is unclear? How does one know what intended meaning in order do the translation.
Many Bible translators (and translator organizations) make assumptions that they know what the passages mean. This can be done by implicitly trusting theologians as to the meaning of passages.
Some principles of contemporary software project management can be useful in understanding the trade-offs.
29. Grind to powder
Matthew 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
The "
grind to powder" is one word in the Greek. Addressing this verse first makes it easier to address the preceding word translated as "
broken".
The "
grind to powder" appears to be an afterthought as if such a meaning made more sense to the translators. However, this word is not translated this way in other passages.
30. Strongs - winnow
- *G3039 *1 λικμάω (lik-mah'-o) : from likmos, the equivalent of liknon (a winnowing fan or basket); to winnow, i.e. (by analogy), to triturate:--grind to powder.
- λικμησει
- Luke 20:18 ... whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
Note how Strong has added the "
grind to powder" as an afterthought. This is not the meaning used elsewhere for this word but is used to fit here.
"λικμάω" ≈ "winnow".
"λίκνον" ≈ "winnowing fan, basket, cradle".
31. Usage - winnow
*G3039 *1 λικμάω (lik-mah'-o) : from likmos, the equivalent of liknon (a winnowing fan or basket); to winnow, i.e. (by analogy), to triturate:--grind to powder.
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Words: λικμησει
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In the following verses in the
LXX (Septuagint), the word has the idea of winnowing, scattering with the wind, sifting (via winnowing), dispersing, etc., but not of grinding.
32. Ruth 3:2 Threshing floors and halos
Ruth 3:2 And now is not Boaz of our kindred, with whose maidens thou wast? Behold, he winnoweth barley to night in the threshingfloor. [kjv]
και νυν ουχι βοος γνωριμος ημων ου ης μετα των κορασιων αυτου ιδου αυτος λικμα τον αλωνα των κριθων ταυτη τη νυκτι [lxx]
The ancient Greek word
"ἅλως" ≈ "threshing floor" and is the source of the English word
"halo" since there tended to be a disk appearing as the sun or moon on the threshing floor.
The
"threshing floor" would have been at a place on a hill that had sufficient wind to blow the chaff away. Boaz would have been there to work into the night and the sleep there to keep the grain safe from being stolen and then continue threshing in the morning.
33. HALO
34. Ruth 3:2
KJV: And now is not Boaz of our kindred, with whose maidens thou wast? Behold, he winnoweth barley to night in the threshingfloor.
Hebrew: ועתה הלא בעז מדעתנו אשר היית את נערותיו הנה הוא זרה את גרן השערים הלילה׃
Greek: και νυν ουχι βοος γνωριμος ημων ου ης μετα των κορασιων αυτου ιδου αυτος λικμα τον αλωνα των κριθων ταυτη τη νυκτι
Wycliffe: This Booz, to whose damesels thou were ioyned in the feeld, is oure kynesman, and in this niyt he wyndewith the corn floor of barli.
35. Strongs
- *H2219 זָרָה (zaw-raw') : a primitive root (compare H2114); to toss about; by implication, to diffuse, winnow:--cast away, compass, disperse, fan, scatter (away), spread, strew, winnow.
- *H1637 גּוֹרֶן (go'-ren) : from an unused root meaning to smooth; a threshing- floor (as made even); by analogy, any open area:--(barn, corn, threshing- )floor, (threshing-, void) place.
36. Job 27:21
Job 27:21 The east wind carrieth him away, and he departeth: and as a storm hurleth him out of his place. [kjv]
αναλημψεται αυτον καυσων και απελευσεται και λικμησει αυτον εκ του τοπου αυτου [lxx]
37. Job 27:21
KJV: The east wind carrieth him away, and he departeth: and as a storm hurleth him out of his place.
Hebrew: ישאהו קדים וילך וישערהו ממקמו׃
Greek: αναλημψεται αυτον καυσων και απελευσεται και λικμησει αυτον εκ του τοπου αυτου
38. Proverbs 20:26
Proverbs 20:26 A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them. [kjv]
λικμητωρ ασεβων βασιλευς σοφος και επιβαλει αυτοις τροχον [lxx]
The phrase "
stay out from under the wheel" might be traced to the above verse.
Some "wheely" nice comments could be made here. Perhaps I spoke too soon, so do not get wrapped around the axle. More comments will wait until I get "around" to it. For that, I might be awarded a "Round Tuit".
39. Proverbs 20:26
KJV: A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them.
Hebrew: מזרה רשעים מלך חכם וישב עליהם אופן׃
Greek: λικμητωρ ασεβων βασιλευς σοφος και επιβαλει αυτοις τροχον
40. Isaiah 17:13 Parallelism
Isaiah 17:13 The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind. [kjv]
ως υδωρ πολυ εθνη πολλα ως υδατος πολλου βια καταφερομενου και αποσκορακιει αυτον και πορρω αυτον διωξεται ως χνουν αχυρου λικμωντων απεναντι ανεμου και ως κονιορτον τροχου καταιγις φερουσα [lxx]
Notice the Hebrew parallelism in this verse. The repeated semantic meaning using two ways of saying what is essentially the same idea provides fault tolerance. Here are the two ideas involving "
flee" and "
chased".
"as the chaff of the mountains before the wind"
"like a rolling thing before the whirlwind"
The "
rolling thing" is translated in the Greek
LXX as "
wheel".
41. Isaiah 17:13
KJV: The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind.
Hebrew: לאמים כשאון מים רבים ישאון וגער בו ונס ממרחק ורדף כמץ הרים לפני רוח וכגלגל לפני סופה׃
Greek: ως υδωρ πολυ εθνη πολλα ως υδατος πολλου βια καταφερομενου και αποσκορακιει αυτον και πορρω αυτον διωξεται ως χνουν αχυρου λικμωντων απεναντι ανεμου και ως κονιορτον τροχου καταιγις φερουσα
42. Isaiah
Isaiah 17:13 The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind. [kjv]
ως υδωρ πολυ εθνη πολλα ως υδατος πολλου βια καταφερομενου και αποσκορακιει αυτον και πορρω αυτον διωξεται ως χνουν αχυρου λικμωντων απεναντι ανεμου και ως κονιορτον τροχου καταιγις φερουσα [lxx]
41:16 Thou shalt fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them: and thou shalt rejoice in the LORD, and shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel. [kjv]
Again we have a repeated meaning involving a "
fan".
"wind shall carry them away"
"whirlwind shall scatter them"
Notice that these two verses, according to some, were written by different Isaiah's. One is from chapters 1-39 and the other from chapters 40-66. Chapter divisions were decided in the Middle Ages.
43. Isaiah 41:16
KJV: Thou shalt fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them: and thou shalt rejoice in the LORD, and shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel.
Hebrew: תזרם ורוח תשאם וסערה תפיץ אותם ואתה תגיל ביהוה בקדוש ישראל תתהלל׃
Greek: και λικμησεις και ανεμος λημψεται αυτους και καταιγις διασπερει αυτους συ δε ευφρανθηση εν τοις αγιοις ισραηλ και αγαλλιασονται
44. Jeremiah 31:10
Jeremiah 31:10 Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock. [kjv]
ακουσατε λογον κυριου εθνη και αναγγειλατε εις νησους τας μακροτερον ειπατε ο λικμησας τον ισραηλ συναξει αυτον και φυλαξει αυτον ως ο βοσκων το ποιμνιον αυτου [lxx]
In the
GNT (Greek New Testament) , word often translated as "
scatter" is the source of the English word
"scorpion".
Who and where are the "
isles" that are "
afar"?
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Details are left as a future topic.
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45. Jeremiah 31:10
KJV: Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock.
Hebrew: שמעו דבר יהוה גוים והגידו באיים ממרחק ואמרו מזרה ישראל יקבצנו ושמרו כרעה עדרו׃
Greek: ακουσατε λογον κυριου εθνη και αναγγειλατε εις νησους τας μακροτερον ειπατε ο λικμησας τον ισραηλ συναξει αυτον και φυλαξει αυτον ως ο βοσκων το ποιμνιον αυτου
46. Jeremiah 49:32
Jeremiah 49:32 And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the LORD. [kjv]
… גמליהם … רוח … [he]
και εσονται καμηλοι αυτων εις προνομην και πληθος κτηνων αυτων εις απωλειαν και λικμησω αυτους παντι πνευματι κεκαρμενους προ προσωπου αυτων εκ παντος περαν αυτων οισω την τροπην αυτων ειπεν κυριος [lxx]
The
LXX uses the Greek word for "
spirit" as in a "
good wind" from the gods.
The third letter of the Hebrew alphabet is "
gimel" which, as pronounced, is the word for "
camel".
47. Jeremiah 49:32
KJV: And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the LORD.
Hebrew: והיו גמליהם לבז והמון מקניהם לשלל וזרתים לכל רוח קצוצי פאה ומכל עבריו אביא את אידם נאם יהוה׃
Greek: και εσονται καμηλοι αυτων εις προνομην και πληθος κτηνων αυτων εις απωλειαν και λικμησω αυτους παντι πνευματι κεκαρμενους προ προσωπου αυτων εκ παντος περαν αυτων οισω την τροπην αυτων ειπεν κυριος
48. Ezekiel 30:23
Ezekiel 30:23 And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries. [kjv]
και διασπερω αιγυπτον εις τα εθνη και λικμησω αυτους εις τας χωρας [lxx]
49. Ezekiel 30:23
KJV: And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries.
Hebrew: והפצותי את מצרים בגוים וזריתם בארצות׃
Greek: και διασπερω αιγυπτον εις τα εθνη και λικμησω αυτους εις τας χωρας
50. Daniel 2:44
Daniel 2:44 And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. [kjv]
και εν ταις ημεραις των βασιλεων εκεινων αναστησει ο θεος του ουρανου βασιλειαν ητις εις τους αιωνας ου διαφθαρησεται και η βασιλεια αυτου λαω ετερω ουχ υπολειφθησεται λεπτυνει και λικμησει πασας τας βασιλειας και αυτη αναστησεται εις τους αιωνας [lxx]
In this verse, as part of the prophecies of future and end-time kingdoms related to the golden statue and the fiery furnace, Daniel, in the
LXX, uses the idea of "
bruising together" as "
breaking in pieces" and "
winnowing" as "
consuming".
51. Strongs
- *H1855 דְּקַק (dek-ak') : (Aramaic) corresponding to H1854; to crumble or (trans.) crush:--break to pieces.
- *H5487 סוּף (soof) : (Aramaic) corresponding to H5486; to come to an end:-- consume, fulfill.
52. Daniel 2:44
KJV: And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.
Hebrew: וביומיהון די מלכיא אנון יקים אלה שמיא מלכו די לעלמין לא תתחבל ומלכותה לעם אחרן לא תשתבק תדק ותסיף כל אלין מלכותא והיא תקום לעלמיא׃
Greek: και εν ταις ημεραις των βασιλεων εκεινων αναστησει ο θεος του ουρανου βασιλειαν ητις εις τους αιωνας ου διαφθαρησεται και η βασιλεια αυτου λαω ετερω ουχ υπολειφθησεται λεπτυνει και λικμησει πασας τας βασιλειας και αυτη αναστησεται εις τους αιωνας
53. Amos 9:9
Amos 9:9 For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth. [kjv]
διοτι ιδου εγω εντελλομαι και λικμιω εν πασι τοις εθνεσιν τον οικον του ισραηλ ον τροπον λικμαται εν τω λικμω και ου μη πεση συντριμμα επι την γην [lxx]
… schake … folkis… riddil… [wy]
The Middle English word
"riddil" ≈ "sift" and is the source of the English word "
riddle" (not the puzzle) as in "
riddled with holes".
54. Amos 9:9
KJV: For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth.
Hebrew: כי הנה אנכי מצוה והנעותי בכל הגוים את בית ישראל כאשר ינוע בכברה ולא יפול צרור ארץ׃
Greek: διοτι ιδου εγω εντελλομαι και λικμιω εν πασι τοις εθνεσιν τον οικον του ισραηλ ον τροπον λικμαται εν τω λικμω και ου μη πεση συντριμμα επι την γην
Wycliffe: For lo! Y schal comaunde, and schal schake the hous of Israel in alle folkis, as wheete is in a riddil, and a litil stoon schal not falle on erthe.
55. Matthew 24:41 Grinding
Matthew 24:41 Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, and the other left. [kjv]
δυο αληθουσαι εν τω μυλω μια παραλαμβανεται και μια αφιεται [gnt]
… molentes … mola … [v]
One does not want to "
crush" or "
grind" the winnowed grain until it is ready for use. There is a Greek word for grinding, as in grinding winnowed grain to flour for usage. That word is not used here.
56. Matthew 24:41
KJV: Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, and the other left.
Greek: δυο αληθουσαι εν τω μυλωνι μυλω μια παραλαμβανεται και μια αφιεται
Latin: duae molentes in mola una adsumetur et una relinquetur
Wycliffe: twey wymmen schulen be gryndynge in o queerne, oon schal be takun, and`the tother left; tweyn in a bedde, `the toon schal be takun, and the tother left.
Tyndale: two shalbe gryndinge at ye myll: ye oue shalbe receaved and ye other shalbe refused.
Luther: Zwo werden mahlen auf der Mühle; eine wird angenommen und die andere wird verlassen werden.
Slavonic: две мелюще в жерновех: едина поемлется, и едина оставляется.
Russian: две мелющие в жерновах: одна берется, а другая оставляется.
Spanish: Dos mujeres estarán moliendo en un molino; la una será tomada, y la otra será dejada.
57. Mill
58. Diagram
59. Strongs - grinding
- *G224 *2 ἄλευρον (al'-yoo-ron) : from aleo (to grind); flour:--meal.
- αλευρου *2
- Matthew 13:33 ... in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened.
- Luke 13:21 ... in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened.
- *G229 *2 ἀλήθω (al-ay'-tho) : from the same as G224 ἄλευρον; to grind:--grind.
- αληθουσαι *2
- Matthew 24:41 Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, ...
- Luke 17:35 Two women shall be grinding together; the one shall be taken, ...
60. Usage - grinding
*G224 *2 ἄλευρον (al'-yoo-ron) : from aleo (to grind); flour:--meal.
*G229 *2 ἀλήθω (al-ay'-tho) : from the same as G224 ἄλευρον; to grind:--grind.
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Words: αλευρου=2 αληθουσαι=2
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61. Strongs - mill
- *G3458 *0 μύλος (moo'-los) : probably ultimately from the base of G3433 (through the idea of hardship); a "mill", i.e. (by implication), a grinder (millstone):--millstone.
- μυλος *2
- Matthew 18:6 ... it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his ...
- Mark 9:42 And whosoever shall offend one of these little ...
- μυλω
- Matthew 24:41 Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, ...
- μυλον
- Revelation 18:21 ... a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into ...
- μυλου
- Revelation 18:22 ... thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more ...
62. Usage - mill
*G3458 *0 μύλος (moo'-los) : probably ultimately from the base of G3433 (through the idea of hardship); a "mill", i.e. (by implication), a grinder (millstone):--millstone.
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Words: μυλον μυλος=2 μυλου μυλω
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63. Luke 17:35 Grinding
64. Luke 17:35
KJV: Two women shall be grinding together; the one shall be taken, and the other left.
Greek: δυο εσονται δυο αληθουσαι επι το αυτο η μια παραληφθησεται και παραλημφθησεται η δε ετερα αφεθησεται
Latin: duae erunt molentes in unum una adsumetur et altera relinquetur duo in agro unus adsumetur et alter relinquetur
Wessex: Twa byð aet-gadere grindende. an beoð ge-numen & oðer lefed.
Wycliffe: twei wymmen schulen be gryndynge togidir, `the toon schal be takun, and`the tother forsakun; twei in a feeld, `the toon schal be takun, and`the tother left.
Tyndale: Two shalbe also a grindynge to gedder: the one shalbe receaved and the other forsaken.
Gothic: twos wairthand malandeins samana, aina usnimada jah anthara bileithada.
Spanish: Dos mujeres estarán moliendo juntas; la una será tomada, y la otra dejada.
65. Together
Matthew 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
An important part of the word used is the prefix "
συν" with a meaning of together. The harvested grain is "
together" until broken or bruised or separated into pieces sufficiently to winnow the chaff away with the wind.
English words from the ancient Greek prefix
"σύν" ≈ "together" include "
synthesis", "
synergy", etc.
The "
broken" is that of being "
broken together". As a group, the phrase "
better together" may not be so good if the "
together" part is the chaff.
66. Strongs - together
- *G4917 *1 συνθλάω (soon-thlah'-o) : from G4862 and thlao (to crush); to dash together, i.e. shatter:--break.
- συνθλασθησεται
- Luke 20:18 ... upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever ...
67. Usage - together
*G4917 *1 συνθλάω (soon-thlah'-o) : from G4862 and thlao (to crush); to dash together, i.e. shatter:--break.
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Words: συνθλασθησεται
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The word translated in the
KJV as "
broken" has a meaning of being broken into pieces or, in that sense, "
bruised".
The ancient Greek word "θλάσμα" ≈ "bruise, contusion".
The ancient Greek word "θλάω" ≈ "crush, bruise".
68. Leviticus 22:24
Leviticus 22:24 Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof in your land. [kjv]
θλαδιαν και εκτεθλιμμενον και εκτομιαν και απεσπασμενον ου προσαξεις αυτα τω κυριω και επι της γης υμων ου ποιησετε [lxx]
69. Leviticus 22:24
KJV: Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof in your land.
Hebrew: ומעוך וכתות ונתוק וכרות לא תקריבו ליהוה ובארצכם לא תעשו׃
Greek: θλαδιαν και εκτεθλιμμενον και εκτομιαν και απεσπασμενον ου προσαξεις αυτα τω κυριω και επι της γης υμων ου ποιησετε
70. Micah 3:3
Micah 3:3 Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron. [kjv]
ον τροπον κατεφαγον τας σαρκας του λαου μου και τα δερματα αυτων απο των οστεων αυτων εξεδειραν και τα οστεα αυτων συνεθλασαν και εμελισαν ως σαρκας εις λεβητα και ως κρεα εις χυτραν [lxx]
A primary meaning of this word appears to be that of bruising and not that of crushing.
71. Micah 3:3
KJV: Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron.
Hebrew: ואשר אכלו שאר עמי ועורם מעליהם הפשיטו ואת עצמתיהם פצחו ופרשו כאשר בסיר וכבשר בתוך קלחת׃
Greek: ον τροπον κατεφαγον τας σαρκας του λαου μου και τα δερματα αυτων απο των οστεων αυτων εξεδειραν και τα οστεα αυτων συνεθλασαν και εμελισαν ως σαρκας εις λεβητα και ως κρεα εις χυτραν
72. Matthew 21:45
Matthew 21:45 And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them. [kjv]
και ακουσαντες οι αρχιερεις και οι φαρισαιοι τας παραβολας αυτου εγνωσαν οτι περι αυτων λεγει [gnt]
This is the concluding verse. These verses do appear to apply to the religious hierarchy of the time of the coming of Jesus the first time. They also appear to have application to the coming of Jesus the second time.
The word "
perceived" is most often translated as "
knew". Does that fit here? Is it necessary here to add some doubt as to what the Pharisees actually knew?
[Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek]
73. Matthew 21:45
KJV: And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them.
Greek: και ακουσαντες οι αρχιερεις και οι φαρισαιοι τας παραβολας αυτου εγνωσαν οτι περι αυτων λεγει
Latin: et cum audissent principes sacerdotum et Pharisaei parabolas eius cognoverunt quod de ipsis diceret
Wycliffe: And whanne the princes of prestis and Farisees hadden herd hise parablis, thei knewen that he seide of hem.
Tyndale: And when the chefe prestes and Pharises hearde these similitudes they perceaved yt he spake of the.
Luther: Und da die Hohenpriester und Pharisäer seine Gleichnisse höreten, vernahmen sie, daß er von ihnen redete.
74. Flowers and flour and thorns
James 1:10 But the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the grass he shall pass away. [kjv]
ο δε πλουσιος εν τη ταπεινωσει αυτου οτι ως ανθος χορτου παρελευσεται [gnt]
The
"flower" or
"blossom" of the "
grass" is the grain/seed and the primary meaning of the Greek word for "
fruit".
"ἄνθος" ≈ "blossom, bloom"which is the source of the English word
"anthology".
At one time, the word
"flower" referred to both the blooming pretty flower and the ground
"flour" which was the
"blooming" part of the wheat. The English word
"flour" was introduced to differentiate between the two meanings.
The ancient Greek word
"ἄκανθος" ≈ "thorny plant" can be thought of as "
opposite" of "
blossom" but comes from
"ἀκή" ≈ "thorn" as a "
point" and
"ἄνθος" ≈ "blossom, bloom". This plant may have a "
flower" but also has "
thorns".
75. Modern Greek
76. James 1:10
KJV: But the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the grass he shall pass away.
Greek: ο δε πλουσιος εν τη ταπεινωσει αυτου οτι ως ανθος χορτου παρελευσεται
Latin: dives autem in humilitate sua quoniam sicut flos faeni transibit
Wycliffe: and a riche man in his lownesse; for as the flour of gras he schal passe.
Luther: und der da reich ist, rühme sich seiner Niedrigkeit; denn wie eine Blume des Grases wird er vergehen.
Russian: а богатый-унижением своим, потому что он прейдет, как цвет на траве.
Spanish: mas el que es rico, en su humillación; porqueél pasará como la flor de la hierba.
The German word "die Blume" ≈ "the flower, blossom" which is related to the English word "bloom".
The Latin word "flos" ≈ "flower" from which comes the Spanish word "flor" ≈ "flower" from which comes the name of the state "Florida" and the word "flower".
The Russian word "цвет" (tsve-tak) ≈ "blossom, flower, color" as many flowers are colorful.
The "
flower" of the "
wheat" or as in the Wycliffe version, the "
flour" of the "
grass" become our "
flour" of today.
77. Egypt and Sicily and Rome
Egyptians ate bread that was ground with stones to make flour. As they aged, their teeth would be ground down from the bits of stone in the bread from the grinding process.
Since grain could be grown along the Nile, Egypt became an important source of grain during Roman times. Sicily was another important grain producing area. Both areas thus had military and political significance.
78. Summary
Matthew 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. [kjv]
και ο πεσων επι τον λιθον τουτον συνθλασθησεται εφ ον δ αν πεση λικμησει αυτον [gnt]
Here is an extended paraphrase using the above discussion.
Paraphrase:
Those who make it to the (stone) threshing floor from the harvest will be bruised together - in preparation for winnowing. They will then be winnowed by that same stone - either blown away into nothingness by the wind or, with weighty fruit of the grass, remain on the threshing floor for further processing in the sequence of harvest, threshing and ultimate destiny.
One may not have enough fruit to not be blown away by the wind. The wind often has a negative connotation in the
GNT and as used by Jesus. Jesus has the power to stop the wind (evil powers) from blowing away even the chaff.
79. Grass of the field
Matthew 6:30 Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the field, which to day is, and to morrow is cast into the oven, shall he not much more clothe you, O ye of little faith? [kjv]
ει δε τον χορτον του αγρου σημερον οντα και αυριον εις κλιβανον βαλλομενον ο θεος ουτως αμφιεννυσιν ου πολλω μαλλον υμας ολιγοπιστοι [gnt]
The "
field" in the first kingdom parable of Matthew 13 is defined by Jesus as the "
world" or, more precisely, the "
people in the world".
The "
grass of the field" can be either "
weeds" or "
tares" or it can be "
fruit of the grass" is in "
wheat". In the second kingdom parable of Matthew 13, Jesus has the "
weeds" are bound at the end of the age and burned.
80. Matthew 3:11 John the Baptist
81. Matthew 3:11
KJV: I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:
Greek: εγω μεν βαπτιζω υμας βαπτιζω εν υδατι εις μετανοιαν ο δε οπισω μου ερχομενος ισχυροτερος μου εστιν ου ουκ ειμι ικανος τα υποδηματα βαστασαι αυτος υμας βαπτισει εν πνευματι αγιω και πυρι
82. Matthew 3:12
Matthew 3:12 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. [kjv]
ου το πτυον εν τη χειρι αυτου και διακαθαριει την αλωνα αυτου και συναξει τον σιτον αυτου εις την αποθηκην το δε αχυρον κατακαυσει πυρι ασβεστω [gnt]
This is the follow-on verse.
83. Matthew 3:12
KJV: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.
Greek: ου το πτυον εν τη χειρι αυτου και διακαθαριει την αλωνα αυτου και συναξει τον σιτον αυτου εις την αποθηκην το δε αχυρον κατακαυσει πυρι ασβεστω
Latin: cuius ventilabrum in manu sua et permundabit aream suam et congregabit triticum suum in horreum paleas autem conburet igni inextinguibili
Wessex: Ðas fann ys on hande & he afermeð hys þyrscel-flore. & he gadereð Note: MS. gadered. hys hwaete on his bearn. þa chefu he forberneð on unadwaescendlice fyre.
Wycliffe: Whos wynewing cloth is in his hoond, and he shal fulli clense his corn flore, and shal gadere his whete in to his berne; but the chaffe he shal brenne with fier that mai not be quenchid.
Tyndale: which hath also his fan in his hod and will pourge his floure and gadre ye wheet into his garner and will burne ye chaffe with vnquecheable fyre
84. Luke 3:17
Luke 3:17 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable. [kjv]
ου το πτυον εν τη χειρι αυτου διακαθαραι την αλωνα αυτου και συναγαγειν τον σιτον εις την αποθηκην αυτου το δε αχυρον κατακαυσει πυρι ασβεστω [gnt]
The same idea is expressed in Luke 3:17.
85. Luke 3:17
KJV: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
Greek: ου το πτυον εν τη χειρι αυτου και διακαθαριει διακαθαραι την αλωνα αυτου και συναξει συναγαγειν τον σιτον εις την αποθηκην αυτου το δε αχυρον κατακαυσει πυρι ασβεστω
86. Strongs - winnowing fork
- *G4425 *2 πτύον (ptoo'-on) : from G4429; a winnowing-fork (as scattering like spittle):--fan.
- πτυον *2
- Matthew 3:12 Whose fan is in his hand, and ...
- Luke 3:17 Whose fan is in his hand, and ...
87. Usage - winnowing fork
*G4425 *2 πτύον (ptoo'-on) : from G4429; a winnowing-fork (as scattering like spittle):--fan.
|
Words: πτυον=2
|
88. Strongs - threshing floor
- *G257 *2 ἅλων (hal'-ohn) : probably from the base of G1507; a threshing-floor (as rolled hard), i.e. (figuratively) the grain (and chaff, as just threshed):--floor.
- αλωνα *2
- Matthew 3:12 ... and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his ...
- Luke 3:17 ... and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat ...
89. Usage - threshing floor
*G257 *2 ἅλων (hal'-ohn) : probably from the base of G1507; a threshing-floor (as rolled hard), i.e. (figuratively) the grain (and chaff, as just threshed):--floor.
|
Words: αλωνα=2
|
90. Strongs - barn
- *G596 *6 ἀποθήκη (ap-oth-ay'-kay) : from G659; a repository, i.e. granary:--barn, garner.
- αποθηκην *3
- Matthew 3:12 ... his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff ...
- Matthew 13:30 ... the wheat into my barn.
- Luke 3:17 ... the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn ...
- αποθηκας *2
- Matthew 6:26 ... nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly ...
- Luke 12:18 ... will I do: I will pull down my barns, and build greater; ...
- αποθηκη
- Luke 12:24 ... have storehouse nor barn; and God feedeth ...
91. Usage - barn
*G596 *6 ἀποθήκη (ap-oth-ay'-kay) : from G659; a repository, i.e. granary:--barn, garner.
|
Words: αποθηκας=2 αποθηκη αποθηκην=3
|
The Greek word for "
barn" or "
store house" is related (different prefix) to the
GNT words for "
Old Testament" and "
New Testament" and the modern Greek word for "
book store", etc.
|
Details are left as a future topic.
|
92. Strongs - chaff
- *G892 *2 ἄχυρον (akh'-oo-ron) : perhaps remotely from cheo (to shed forth); chaff (as diffusive):--chaff.
- αχυρον *2
- Matthew 3:12 ... the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.
- Luke 3:17 ... his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
93. Usage - chaff
*G892 *2 ἄχυρον (akh'-oo-ron) : perhaps remotely from cheo (to shed forth); chaff (as diffusive):--chaff.
|
Words: αχυρον=2
|
94. Strongs - unquenchable
- *G762 *3 ἄσβεστος (as'-bes-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and a derivative of G4570; not extinguished, i.e. (by implication) perpetual:--not to be quenched, unquenchable.
- ασβεστω *2
- Matthew 3:12 ... but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.
- Luke 3:17 ... the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
- ασβεστον
- Mark 9:43 And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched:
95. Usage - unquenchable
*G762 *3 ἄσβεστος (as'-bes-tos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and a derivative of G4570; not extinguished, i.e. (by implication) perpetual:--not to be quenched, unquenchable.
|
Words: ασβεστον ασβεστω=2
|
The Greek for "
unquenchable" is that of "
quick lime" and was later mistranslated by Pliny into Latin as "
asbestos".
96. Matthew 19:28
Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]
ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι υμεις οι ακολουθησαντες μοι εν τη παλιγγενεσια οταν καθιση ο υιος του ανθρωπου επι θρονου δοξης αυτου καθησεσθε και υμεις επι δωδεκα θρονους κρινοντες τας δωδεκα φυλας του ισραηλ [gnt]
This "
regeneration" appears to be a third "
birth" or "
coming into being" as part of the "
in-processing" of "
resurrection" into the Kingdom of God.
97. End of page