2 Timothy 2

2 Timothy 2:1 Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. [kjv]

συ ουν τεκνον μου ενδυναμου εν τη χαριτι τη εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]

… confortare … gratia … [v]

The Greek for "grace" is that of "favor". The Greek for "strong" has the idea of being "endowed" (related etymology) or "clothed" by the wearing of a "garment". Paul will use the same Greek word, with perhaps a play on words, in the next chapter. The ancient Greek word "ἐνδύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)" and comes from two Greek words.

"ἐν" ≈ "in" as an intensifier.
"δύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)".

Paraphrase: ... be clothed in the favor that is in Christ Jesus.

The Latin word "conforto" ≈ "make stronger, strengthen, give courage" and is the source of the English word "comfort".

More: A joyous thank you for the grace of a gaudy favor

More: Philippians 1a: A gracious favor of joy to Philippi

Ephesians 6:10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. [kjv]

του λοιπου ενδυναμουσθε εν κυριω και εν τω κρατει της ισχυος αυτου [gnt]

… confortamini … potentia virtutis … [v]

The Greek word for "strong" here is that of being "clothed" or "endowed" or "empowered" with something, as in the "power of his might".

The ancient Greek word "ἐνδύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)" and comes from two Greek words.

"ἐν" ≈ "in" as an intensifier.
"δύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)".

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

Ephesians 6:10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. [kjv]

του λοιπου ενδυναμουσθε εν κυριω και εν τω κρατει της ισχυος αυτου [gnt]

… confortamini … potentia virtutis … [v]

The ancient Greek word "κράτος" ≈ "might, strength" and is the source of the English word "democracy". The Latin uses the Latin word "potentia" ≈ "power" and is the source of the English word "potential".

The ancient Greek word"ἰσχυρός" ≈ "strong, mighty". This word is used to describe the "strong man" of the world (Satan) and the "healthy" using this Greek word for "strong" who do not "want" a "healer" or "doctor".

More: Democracy etymology

More: Matthew 12:26-29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man

More: Matthew 9:8-13 The healthy make a strong case for evil sick time

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]

εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]

ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]

The Greek for "creep" is that of "putting on an outer garment" which, in effect, causes one to "withdraw" under/behind that garment. Think of a "wolf" in "sheep's" "clothing". The ancient Greek word "ἐνδύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)" and comes from two Greek words.

"ἐν" ≈ "in" as an intensifier.
"δύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)".

The Latin word "penetro" ≈ "enter, penetrate" and is the source of the English word "penetrate".

More: 2 Timothy 3:1-12 Silly women in the she shed

*G1743 *7 ἐνδυναμόω (en-doo-nam-o'-o) : from G1722 and G1412; to empower:--enable, (increase in) strength(-en), be (make) strong.

Usage

All

ενεδυναμουτο

Acts 9:22 But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded ...

ενεδυναμωθη

Romans 4:20 ... of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God;

ενδυναμουσθε

Ephesians 6:10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and ...

ενδυναμουντι

Philippians 4:13 ... through Christ which strengtheneth me.

ενδυναμωσαντι

1 Timothy 1:12 ... Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that he counted ...

ενδυναμου

2 Timothy 2:1 Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is ...

ενεδυναμωσεν

2 Timothy 4:17 ... stood with me, and strengthened me; that by ...

*G1743 *7 ἐνδυναμόω (en-doo-nam-o'-o) : from G1722 and G1412; to empower:--enable, (increase in) strength(-en), be (make) strong.

Words: ενδυναμου ενδυναμουντι ενδυναμουσθε ενδυναμωσαντι ενεδυναμουτο ενεδυναμωθη ενεδυναμωσεν

The ancient Greek word "ἐνδύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)" and comes from two Greek words.

"ἐν" ≈ "in" as an intensifier.
"δύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)".

More: Matthew 6: Seek to eat , drink and be married to Jesus

2 Timothy 2:1

All

KJV: Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.

Greek: συ ουν τεκνον μου ενδυναμου εν τη χαριτι τη εν χριστω ιησου

Latin: tu ergo fili mi confortare in gratia quae est in Christo Iesu

2 Timothy 2:2 And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. [kjv]

και α ηκουσας παρ εμου δια πολλων μαρτυρων ταυτα παραθου πιστοις ανθρωποις οιτινες ικανοι εσονται και ετερους διδαξαι [gnt]

… audisti … testes … alios docere [v]

The ancient Greek word "ἀκούω" ≈ "hear" and assumes understanding of what is heard. It is the source of the English word words such as "acoustic" and is cognate with the English word "hear" and "harken". The "things" is inferred.

The Greek for "others" is that of "others" that are "different" in some way and not "similar" in some way. The Latin does not have this distinction. Paul does not appear to be talking about teaching other believers but other non-believers.

Not "come and see" but "come and hear and understand".
Not "go and show" but "go and teach".

More: Other similar differences

2 Timothy 2:2

All

KJV: And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also.

Greek: και α ηκουσας παρ εμου δια πολλων μαρτυρων ταυτα παραθου πιστοις ανθρωποις οιτινες ικανοι εσονται και ετερους διδαξαι

Latin: et quae audisti a me per multos testes haec commenda fidelibus hominibus qui idonei erunt et alios docere

2 Timothy 2:3 Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. [kjv]

συγκακοπαθησον ως καλος στρατιωτης χριστου ιησου [gnt]

labora … bonus miles … [v]

The Greek for "hardness", as a word made-up by Paul, has to do with "together" and "bad" and "passive" (when attacked). That word for "passive" is often translated "suffer" with an implication of enduring painful persecution but that meaning is only by context.

"συγ" ≈ "with".
"κακός" ≈ "bad, worthless, useless". Jesus uses this word for those needing the "Good News".
"πάθος" ≈ "experience, happening" and, later, "pain" and/or "suffering".

The ancient Greek word "στρατιώτης" ≈ "soldier" and is the source of the English word "strategy". The Latin word "miles" ≈ "soldier" and is the source of the English word "military".

*G4777 *2 συγκακοπαθέω (soong-kak-op-ath-eh'-o) : from G4862 and G2553; to suffer hardship in company with:--be partaker of afflictions.

Usage

All

συνκακοπαθησον *2

2 Timothy 1:8 ... his prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the gospel according to the power of God;
2 Timothy 2:3 Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier ...

*G4777 *2 συγκακοπαθέω (soong-kak-op-ath-eh'-o) : from G4862 and G2553; to suffer hardship in company with:--be partaker of afflictions.

Words: συνκακοπαθησον=2

The Greek for "hardness" has to do with "together" and "bad" and "passive" (when attacked). That word for "passive" is often translated "suffer" with an implication of enduring painful persecution but that meaning is only by context.

"συγ" ≈ "with".
"κακός" ≈ "bad, worthless, useless". Jesus uses this word for those needing the "Good News".
"πάθος" ≈ "experience, happening" and, later, "pain" and/or "suffering".

2 Timothy 2:3

All

KJV: Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.

Greek: συ ουν κακοπαθησον συγκακοπαθησον ως καλος στρατιωτης χριστου ιησου χριστου

Latin: labora sicut bonus miles Christi Iesu

2 Timothy 2:4 No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier. [kjv]

ουδεις στρατευομενος εμπλεκεται ταις του βιου πραγματειαις ινα τω στρατολογησαντι αρεση [gnt]

… militans inplicat … saecularibus … placeat … [v]

The Greek for "entangleth" has to do with "weaving". The Latin word the Latin word "implicat" ≈ "implicate" is the source of the English word "implicate".

I could needle you with some knit-picking jokes that will leave you in stitches.

These are dreaded (threaded) jokes, but I only do a sew sew job, so weave got to leave those alone.

2 Timothy 2:4

All

KJV: No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier.

Greek: ουδεις στρατευομενος εμπλεκεται ταις του βιου πραγματειαις ινα τω στρατολογησαντι αρεση

Latin: nemo militans inplicat se negotiis saecularibus ut ei placeat cui se probavit

*G1707 *2 ἐμπλέκω (em-plek'-o) : from G1722 and G4120; to entwine, i.e. (figuratively) involve with:--entangle (in, self with).

Usage

All

εμπλεκεται

2 Timothy 2:4 No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that ...

εμπλακεντες

2 Peter 2:20 ... Jesus Christ, they are again entangled therein, and overcome, ...

*G1707 *2 ἐμπλέκω (em-plek'-o) : from G1722 and G4120; to entwine, i.e. (figuratively) involve with:--entangle (in, self with).

Words: εμπλακεντες εμπλεκεται

The ancient Greek word "ἐμπλέκω" ≈ "tangle, entangle, involve" and comes from "πλέκω" ≈ "plait, twine, twist, weave, braid" and has to do with the weaving of cloth.
The word is related to the Latin word "plecto" ≈ "plait, weave, braid" which, like Greek, developed into "implecto" ≈ "interweave" and is the source of the English word "implicate".
Bit and qubit

A modern discovery is that of "quantum entanglement".

More: Quantum computing

2 Peter 2:20 For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled therein, and overcome, the latter end is worse with them than the beginning. [kjv]

ει γαρ αποφυγοντες τα μιασματα του κοσμου εν επιγνωσει του κυριου και σωτηρος ιησου χριστου τουτοις δε παλιν εμπλακεντες ηττωνται γεγονεν αυτοις τα εσχατα χειρονα των πρωτων [gnt]

… coinquinationes … inpliciti … [v]

That freedom in Christ will be twisted and contorted into a bondage to sin. They will be worse off than before.

Discuss: Is Peter talking about a large scale phenomena before the flood and again in the end times? Is Peter talking about individuals and small groups throughout history? Might both be true?

Matthew 23:15 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites ! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves. [kjv]

ουαι υμιν γραμματεις και φαρισαιοι υποκριται οτι περιαγετε την θαλασσαν και την ξηραν ποιησαι ενα προσηλυτον και οταν γενηται ποιειτε αυτον υιον γεεννης διπλοτερον υμων [gnt]

More: An actor as a hypocrite is not real

A modern discovery is that of "quantum entanglement".

More: Quantum computing

More: 2 Peter 2:1-22 Déjà vu all over again

Matthew 23:15

All

KJV: Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites ! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.

Greek: ουαι υμιν γραμματεις και φαρισαιοι υποκριται οτι περιαγετε την θαλασσαν και την ξηραν ποιησαι ενα προσηλυτον και οταν γενηται ποιειτε αυτον υιον γεεννης διπλοτερον υμων

2 Timothy 2:4 No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier. [kjv]

ουδεις στρατευομενος εμπλεκεται ταις του βιου πραγματειαις ινα τω στρατολογησαντι αρεση [gnt]

… militans inplicat … saecularibus … placeat … [v]

The Greek for "affairs" is that of "physical" "things" or actually "doing" something and not an abstract intellectual idea as well be referred to in some following verses.

The ancient Greek word "πρᾶγμα" ≈ "deed, act, fact" or a thing in a concrete reality is from the ancient Greek word "πράσσω" ≈ "to do" and is the source of the English "practical".

The Latin word "saecularis" ≈ "pertaining to a centurion, worldly, temporal".

2 Timothy 2:5 And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully. [kjv]

εαν δε και αθλη τις ου στεφανουται εαν μη νομιμως αθληση [gnt]

… certat … agone … coronatur … legitime certaverit [v]

The Greek for "strive" is from the ancient Greek word "ἀθλέω" ≈ "contest, struggle". The ancient Greek word "ἀθλητής" ≈ "champion, master" as in a "combatant" or, especially, a "prizefighter" and is the source of the English word "athletics".

Which law is intended?

The Latin word "certo" ≈ "match, vie with, fight, wrestle".
The Latin word "certo" ≈ "certainty, surely".

The "masteries" appears to have been added from the Latin word "agone" ≈ "contest".

2 Timothy 2:5

All

KJV: And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully.

Greek: εαν δε και αθλη τις ου στεφανουται εαν μη νομιμως αθληση

Latin: nam et qui certat in agone non coronatur nisi legitime certaverit

2 Timothy 2:6 The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits. [kjv]

τον κοπιωντα γεωργον δει πρωτον των καρπων μεταλαμβανειν [gnt]

laborantem agricolam … primum … fructibus accipere [v]

The Greek for "husbandman" is that of someone taking care of a ground such as a "vineyard". The ancient Greek word "γεωργός" ≈ "tilling the ground, fertilizing, farmer" and as the source of the English name "George".

Both the United States state name and country (between Turkey and Russia) of "Georgia" appear to be related to the Greek word for "farmer" or "husbandman" in the KJV (King James Version). The complete etymology in unclear.

2 Timothy 2:6

All

KJV: The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits.

Greek: τον κοπιωντα γεωργον δει πρωτον των καρπων μεταλαμβανειν

Latin: laborantem agricolam oportet primum de fructibus accipere

*G1092 *19 γεωργός (gheh-ore-gos') : from G1093 and the base of G2041; a land-worker, i.e. farmer:--husbandman.

Usage

All

γεωργοις *5

Matthew 21:33 ... let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country:
Matthew 21:40 ... what will he do unto those husbandmen?
Matthew 21:41 ... will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render ...
Mark 12:1 ... let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.
Luke 20:9 ... let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a far country for a long time.

γεωργους *5

Matthew 21:34 ... his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it.
Mark 12:2 ... he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.
Mark 12:9 ... he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.
Luke 20:10 ... a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, ...
Luke 20:16 He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard ...

γεωργοι *5

Matthew 21:35 And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat ...
Matthew 21:38 But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said ...
Mark 12:7 But those husbandmen said among themselves, ...
Luke 20:10 ... a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, ...
Luke 20:14 But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned among ...

γεωργος *2

John 15:1 ... my Father is the husbandman.
James 5:7 ... the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit ...

γεωργων

Mark 12:2 ... he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.

γεωργον

2 Timothy 2:6 The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits.

*G1092 *19 γεωργός (gheh-ore-gos') : from G1093 and the base of G2041; a land-worker, i.e. farmer:--husbandman.

Words: γεωργοι=5 γεωργοις=5 γεωργον γεωργος=2 γεωργους=5 γεωργων

John 15:1 I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. [kjv]

εγω ειμι η αμπελος η αληθινη και ο πατηρ μου ο γεωργος εστιν [gnt]

… vitis … agricola … [v]

John 15:1

All

KJV: I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman.

Greek: εγω ειμι η αμπελος η αληθινη και ο πατηρ μου ο γεωργος εστιν

Latin: ego sum vitis vera et Pater meus agricola est

2 Timothy 2:7 Consider what I say; and the Lord give thee understanding in all things. [kjv]

νοει ο λεγω δωσει γαρ σοι ο κυριος συνεσιν εν πασιν [gnt]

intellege … dico dabit … omnibus intellectum [v]

The Greek for "all" needs to be taken in context such as "understanding in everything (needed)".

More: Everything and all things: But wait, there's more

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More: Anything and everything continued

2 Timothy 2:7

All

KJV: Consider what I say; and the Lord give thee understanding in all things.

Greek: νοει α ο λεγω δωη δωσει γαρ σοι ο κυριος συνεσιν εν πασιν

Latin: intellege quae dico dabit enim tibi Dominus in omnibus intellectum

2 Timothy 2:8 Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of David was raised from the dead according to my gospel: [kjv]

μνημονευε ιησουν χριστον εγηγερμενον εκ νεκρων εκ σπερματος δαυιδ κατα το ευαγγελιον μου [gnt]

Paul uses "my" in connection with "gospel" as the ancient Greek word"ευαγγέλιον" (ev-agh-Y-lee-on) ≈ "good news".

If the word "dead" were not included, the verb would mean "woken up" as from "sleep". The ancient Greek word "ἐγείρω" ≈ "awaken, raise up, erect a building"`. Jesus often uses the word for "sleep" as "dead". He thus, "awakens" the "dead" such as Lazarus. The same word is used for a "lame" person who is "raised up" to walk.

More: Calque: The good news

2 Timothy 2:8

All

KJV: Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of David was raised from the dead according to my gospel:

Greek: μνημονευε ιησουν χριστον εγηγερμενον εκ νεκρων εκ σπερματος δαβιδ δαυιδ κατα το ευαγγελιον μου

2 Timothy 2:9 Where in I suffer trouble, as an evil doer, even unto bonds; but the word of God is not bound. [kjv]

εν ω κακοπαθω μεχρι δεσμων ως κακουργος αλλα ο λογος του θεου ου δεδεται [gnt]

… laboro … male operans … verbum … alligatum [v]

Paul makes two word hear using a prefix of "bad".

"bad" and "suffer" or "passive".
"bad" and "doer" or "worker".

2 Timothy 2:9

All

KJV: Where in I suffer trouble, as an evil doer, even unto bonds; but the word of God is not bound.

Greek: εν ω κακοπαθω μεχρι δεσμων ως κακουργος αλλ αλλα ο λογος του θεου ου δεδεται

Latin: in quo laboro usque ad vincula quasi male operans sed verbum Dei non est alligatum

2 Timothy 2:10 Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. [kjv]

δια τουτο παντα υπομενω δια τους εκλεκτους ινα και αυτοι σωτηριας τυχωσιν της εν χριστω ιησου μετα δοξης αιωνιου [gnt]

The Greek for "all" depends on the context of what is meant by "all". The Greek for "glory" is that of "opinion".

"τυγχαίνω" ≈ "happen to be".
"τυχος" ≈ "mason's hammer" (possible play on words)

More: Everything and all things: But wait, there's more

More: Expectation of a glorious Greek opinion on a doxology

*G5177 *12 τυγχάνω (toong-khan'-o) : probably for an obsolete tucho (for which the middle voice of another alternate teucho (to make ready or bring to pass) is used in certain tenses; akin to the base of G5088 through the idea of effecting; properly, to affect; or (specially), to hit or light upon (as a mark to be reached), i.e. (transitively) to attain or secure an object or end, or (intransitively) to happen (as if meeting with); but in the latter application only impersonal (with G1487), i.e. perchance; or (present participle) as adjective, usual (as if commonly met with, with G3756, extraordinary), neuter (as adverb) perhaps; or (with another verb) as adverb, by accident (as it were):--be, chance, enjoy, little, obtain, X refresh...self, + special. Compare G5180.

Usage

All

τυχειν *2

Luke 20:35 But they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, and ...
Acts 27:3 ... unto his friends to refresh himself.

τυχοι *2

1 Corinthians 14:10 There are, it may be, so many kinds of voices ...
1 Corinthians 15:37 ... but bare grain, it may chance of wheat, or of some other grain:

τυχωσιν *2

2 Timothy 2:10 ... that they may also obtain the salvation which is ...
Hebrews 11:35 ... accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better resurrection:

τυχουσας

Acts 19:11 And God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul:

τυγχανοντες

Acts 24:3 We accept it always, and in all places, most noble ...

τυχων

Acts 26:22 Having therefore obtained help of God, ...

τυχουσαν

Acts 28:2 ... shewed us no little kindness: for they kindled ...

τυχον

1 Corinthians 16:6 And it may be that I will abide, yea, and winter ...

τετυχεν

Hebrews 8:6 But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much ...

*G5177 *12 τυγχάνω (toong-khan'-o) : probably for an obsolete tucho (for which the middle voice of another alternate teucho (to make ready or bring to pass) is used in certain tenses; akin to the base of G5088 through the idea of effecting; properly, to affect; or (specially), to hit or light upon (as a mark to be reached), i.e. (transitively) to attain or secure an object or end, or (intransitively) to happen (as if meeting with); but in the latter application only impersonal (with G1487), i.e. perchance; or (present participle) as adjective, usual (as if commonly met with, with G3756, extraordinary), neuter (as adverb) perhaps; or (with another verb) as adverb, by accident (as it were):--be, chance, enjoy, little, obtain, X refresh...self, + special. Compare G5180.

Words: τετυχεν τυγχανοντες τυχειν=2 τυχοι=2 τυχον τυχουσαν τυχουσας τυχων τυχωσιν=2

2 Timothy 2:10

All

KJV: Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory.

Greek: δια τουτο παντα υπομενω δια τους εκλεκτους ινα και αυτοι σωτηριας τυχωσιν της εν χριστω ιησου μετα δοξης αιωνιου

2 Timothy 2:11 It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him: [kjv]

πιστος ο λογος ει γαρ συναπεθανομεν και συζησομεν [gnt]

fidelis sermo … conmortui … convivemus [v]

The ancient Greek word "λόγος" ≈ "rational explanation, word".

The Greek for "live" is that of "together live" from which one can infer the "him".

*G4800 *3 συζάω (sood-zah'-o) : from G4862 and G2198; to continue to live in common with, i.e. co-survive (literally or figuratively):--live with.

Usage

All

συζησομεν *2

Romans 6:8 ... we believe that we shall also live with him:
2 Timothy 2:11 ... if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him:

συνζην

2 Corinthians 7:3 ... to die and live with you.

*G4800 *3 συζάω (sood-zah'-o) : from G4862 and G2198; to continue to live in common with, i.e. co-survive (literally or figuratively):--live with.

Words: συζησομεν=2 συνζην

2 Timothy 2:11

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KJV: It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him:

Greek: πιστος ο λογος ει γαρ συναπεθανομεν και συζησομεν

Latin: fidelis sermo nam si conmortui sumus et convivemus

2 Timothy 2:12 If we suffer, we shall also reign with him: if we deny him, he also will deny us: [kjv]

ει υπομενομεν και συμβασιλευσομεν ει αρνησομεθα κακεινος αρνησεται ημας [gnt]

… sustinemus … conregnabimus … negabimus … negabit … [v]

The Greek for "suffer" here is not being "passive" but "enduring".

The contrast here is the following.

We "endure" (with Him) then we "reign" (with Him).
We "deny" him then he does not have the "potential".

This Greek for "deny" is the same word used to describe Peter "denying" Christ.

2 Timothy 2:12

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KJV: If we suffer, we shall also reign with him: if we deny him, he also will deny us:

Greek: ει υπομενομεν και συμβασιλευσομεν ει αρνουμεθα αρνησομεθα κακεινος αρνησεται ημας

Latin: si sustinemus et conregnabimus si negabimus et ille negabit nos

2 Timothy 2:13 If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he can not deny himself. [kjv]

ει απιστουμεν εκεινος πιστος μενει αρνησασθαι γαρ εαυτον ου δυναται [gnt]

The Greek for "can" is that of having the "potential".

If we "believe" not then He "remains" "faithful".

The second "deny" is not obvious as the word for "can" is that of "potential".

He does not have the "potential" to "deny".

The Greek for "abideth" is that of "remaining" and is the word of the Meno paradox and used often by John chapters 14, 15 and 16.

More: Meno Paradox: Seeking to learn what you do not know

2 Timothy 2:13

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KJV: If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he can not deny himself.

Greek: ει απιστουμεν εκεινος πιστος μενει αρνησασθαι γαρ εαυτον ου δυναται

2 Timothy 2:14 Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the Lord that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the subverting of the hearers. [kjv]

ταυτα υπομιμνησκε διαμαρτυρομενος ενωπιον του θεου μη λογομαχειν επ ουδεν χρησιμον επι καταστροφη των ακουοντων [gnt]

… commone testificans … verbis contendere … utile … subversionem audientium [v]

The KJV appears to be from the Latin and not exactly from the Greek.

This "strive" is not the athletic "strive".
The "strive with words" is one word in Greek that means "word battle".
The "profit" is that of "usefulness".
The "subverting" is that of "catastrophe" or "turning down".

Think of today's "Twitter battle" or the "flame wars" of previous times.

2 Timothy 2:14 Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the Lord that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the subverting of the hearers. [kjv]

… commone testificans … verbis contendere … utile … subversionem audientium [v]

Paraphrase: ... do not do "word battles" that are not "useful" and are a "catastrophe" to the "hearers".

Instead of "word battles" one is to make it an "urgent focused priority" to show convincing proof to God of their works with fruit. This is the next verse, but the translation as "study" goes against the flow of this preceding verse.

2 Timothy 2:14

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KJV: Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the Lord that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the subverting of the hearers.

Greek: ταυτα υπομιμνησκε διαμαρτυρομενος ενωπιον του κυριου θεου μη λογομαχειν εις επ ουδεν χρησιμον επι καταστροφη των ακουοντων

Latin: haec commone testificans coram Domino noli verbis contendere in nihil utile ad subversionem audientium

2 Timothy 2:15 Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. [kjv]

σπουδασον σεαυτον δοκιμον παραστησαι τω θεω εργατην ανεπαισχυντον ορθοτομουντα τον λογον της αληθειας [gnt]

sollicite … probabilem exhibere … operarium … recte tractantem verbum veritatis [v]

Paraphrase: Make it an urgent focused priority to provide convincing proof to God, ... (of actual works with fruit!)

The ancient Greek word "σπεύδω" ≈ "be keen, make haste" in the sense of an urgent focused priority. The Latin word "sollicite" ≈ "thoroughly moved, agitated or disturbed" and is the source of the English word "solicit".

The original English word "study" went through many meanings from "endeavor" to "diligence" (original French meaning) to "study".

More: 2 Timothy 2:15 An urgent focused priority to do diligent study

2 Timothy 2:15

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KJV: Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.

Greek: σπουδασον σεαυτον δοκιμον παραστησαι τω θεω εργατην ανεπαισχυντον ορθοτομουντα τον λογον της αληθειας

The verse after the "study" verse again points out the danger of uninformed "talk" or "word battles" of a previous verse.

2 Timothy 2:16 But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness. [kjv]

τας δε βεβηλους κενοφωνιας περιιστασο επι πλειον γαρ προκοψουσιν ασεβειας [gnt]

The "ungodliness" is that of "impiety". The ancient Greek word "βέβηλος" ≈ "permitted, allowed, not holy, uninitiated". The "vain babblings" is that of "empty opinion" or "empty noise".

When did ignorance become a point of view

When did ignorance become a point of view

Dilbert: When did ignorance became a point of view? The meaning of the verse appears to be that just because you can say your "empty opinion" does not mean that it is a good idea. In doing so, using today's Internet jargon, you may "lose reputation points".

2 Timothy 2:16

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KJV: But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness.

Greek: τας δε βεβηλους κενοφωνιας περιιστασο επι πλειον γαρ προκοψουσιν ασεβειας

Latin: profana autem inaniloquia devita multum enim proficient ad impietatem

2 Timothy 2:17 And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus; [kjv]

και ο λογος αυτων ως γαγγραινα νομην εξει ων εστιν υμεναιος και φιλητος [gnt]

… sermo … cancer serpit … Hymeneus … Philetus [v]

The "word" is the ancient Greek word "λόγος" ≈ "rational explanation, word". These "words" appear to refer to "word battles" of a previous verse.

The "eat" appears to be the Greek word for "pasture" that became the word "custom" and for "law". The Latin word "serpo" ≈ "creep, craw".

The ancient Greek word "γάγγραινα" ≈ "gangrene" and is the source, through Latin and French, of the English word "gangrene". In ancient times, the folk etymology was that the word came from the ancient Greek word "γράω" ≈ "to devour". The Latin word "cancer" ≈ "cancer" and comes from the ancient Greek word "καρκίνος" ≈ "crab, cancer". The Latin word is the source of the English word "cancer".

More: Coining a customary distribution law of iniquity

The ancient Greek words for "pasture", "law", "nomad", "coin" are related. The progression appears to be from a pasture, to a distribution of sheep, to the rules for such distributions, to representations of such wealth as coins, etc.

The ancient Greek word "νέμω" ≈ "distribute, pasture, graze" (as a verb)
The ancient Greek word "νομός" ≈ "pasture" (as a noun, accent on second syllable)
The ancient Greek word "νόμος" ≈ "custom, law" (as a noun, accent on first syllable)

Some English words made from this word include "economy", "astronomy", "Deuteronomy", "numismatics", etc.

Interestingly, the word the KJV translates as "iniquity" is a negation of that word for "law".

More: Syllable accent change over time

More: Coining a customary distribution law of iniquity

2 Timothy 2:17 And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus; [kjv]

και ο λογος αυτων ως γαγγραινα νομην εξει ων εστιν υμεναιος και φιλητος [gnt]

… sermo … cancer serpit … Hymeneus … Philetus [v]

It is always unclear if Paul is using actual names or made-up names where the intended readers (hearers) would know from the description to whom it applied. In an age of persecution, one might not want to name believers (other than known teachers) in a letter.

The Greek for "Hymenaeus" has a meaning of a "bridal song" but could be a play on words of "the one remaining".

The Greek for "Philetus" has a meaning of "worthy of being loved" but cloud be a play on words of "bandit, robber, thief".

By using made-up names, there may be many in the audience who "think after" what they have heard and change what they are doing accordingly.

2 Timothy 2:17

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KJV: And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus;

Greek: και ο λογος αυτων ως γαγγραινα νομην εξει ων εστιν υμεναιος και φιλητος

Latin: et sermo eorum ut cancer serpit ex quibus est Hymeneus et Philetus

2 Timothy 2:18 Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some. [kjv]

οιτινες περι την αληθειαν ηστοχησαν λεγοντες αναστασιν ηδη γεγονεναι και ανατρεπουσιν την τινων πιστιν [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "στόχος" ≈ "pillar of brick".

Paul appears to be saying that they do not have a "target" or "pillar of brick" of "truth".
Perhaps their "house" is build on "sand" and may be the "house" where "silly women" (believers) are "captivated" in the next chapter.

The modern Greek word "στόχος" (STO-khos) ≈ "target".

Philippians 3:14 I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. [kjv]

κατα σκοπον διωκω εις το βραβειον της ανω κλησεως του θεου εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]

How does one know if one is aiming for the correct target?

You might have "accepted" the "false goal" and "rejected" the "true goal".

Paul is aiming for the correct target. How about the Philippians?
The Greek for "press" is that of "pursue" or "persecute" depending on context.

Keep the eyes on the prize. The Greek word for "prize" is the source of the English word "bravo".

More: Mosaics

Philippians 3:14

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KJV: I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.

Greek: κατα σκοπον διωκω επι εις το βραβειον της ανω κλησεως του θεου εν χριστω ιησου

Latin: ad destinatum persequor ad bravium supernae vocationis Dei in Christo Iesu

Geneva: And follow hard toward the marke, for the prise of the hie calling of God in Christ Iesus.

Luther: und jage nach dem vorgesteckten Ziel, nach dem Kleinod, welches vorhält die himmlische Berufung Gottes in Christo Jesu.

*G795 *3 ἀστοχέω (as-tokh-eh'-o) : from a compound of G1 (as a negative particle) and stoichos (an aim); to miss the mark, i.e. (figuratively) deviate from truth:--err, swerve.

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ηστοχησαν *2

1 Timothy 6:21 Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. Grace ...
2 Timothy 2:18 Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection ...

αστοχησαντες

1 Timothy 1:6 From which some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling;

*G795 *3 ἀστοχέω (as-tokh-eh'-o) : from a compound of G1 (as a negative particle) and stoichos (an aim); to miss the mark, i.e. (figuratively) deviate from truth:--err, swerve.

Words: αστοχησαντες ηστοχησαν=2

2 Timothy 2:18

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KJV: Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some.

Greek: οιτινες περι την αληθειαν ηστοχησαν λεγοντες την αναστασιν ηδη γεγονεναι και ανατρεπουσιν την τινων πιστιν

2 Timothy 2:19 Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity. [kjv]

ο μεντοι στερεος θεμελιος του θεου εστηκεν εχων την σφραγιδα ταυτην εγνω κυριος τους οντας αυτου και αποστητω απο αδικιας πας ο ονομαζων το ονομα κυριου [gnt]

The Greek for "sure" is that of a "firm base" as in "solid rock" as in a "house" built on the "rock". A previous verse appeared to refer to a "house" built on "sand".

The "iniquity" is not that of "against the law" but that of "unrighteousness" (of God from context).

More: Against the law: out-law or in-law

2 Timothy 2:19

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KJV: Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity.

Greek: ο μεντοι στερεος θεμελιος του θεου εστηκεν εχων την σφραγιδα ταυτην εγνω κυριος τους οντας αυτου και αποστητω απο αδικιας πας ο ονομαζων το ονομα χριστου κυριου

2 Timothy 2:20 But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour. [kjv]

εν μεγαλη δε οικια ουκ εστιν μονον σκευη χρυσα και αργυρα αλλα και ξυλινα και οστρακινα και α μεν εις τιμην α δε εις ατιμιαν [gnt]

After alluding to the "house" built an "sand" and the "house" built on "rock", Paul uses the "house" word.

This is a "great house". In the next chapter, the "house" with "captivated" "silly women" will be presented.
The "vessels" refer to people as in Jesus "binding" the "strong man" to "rapture" his "goods" as "vessels".

More: Matthew 12:26-29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man

Matthew 12:29 Or else how can one enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house. [kjv]

η πως δυναται τις εισελθειν εις την οικιαν του ισχυρου και τα σκευη αυτου σαι αρπασαι εαν μη πρωτον δηση τον ισχυρον και τοτε την οικιαν αυτου διαρπασει [gnt]

The GNT (Greek New Testament) word for "spoil" is the ancient Greek word "ἁρπάζω" ≈ "snatch away, carry off" and may be related to the ancient Greek word "ἅρπη" ≈ "bird of prey" as a hawk or falcon and which may be related to the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root for "reap", "harvest", "sickle". This word for "snatch" is sometimes translated "rapture" or "ravenous" as in "wolves".
The ancient Greek word "σκευή" ≈ "vessel" as something that is made but can refer to "people" as in a "chosen vessel".

[Last Supper, 1 & 2 Thessalonians]

More: Matthew 12:26-29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man

2 Timothy 2:20

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KJV: But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour.

Greek: εν μεγαλη δε οικια ουκ εστιν μονον σκευη χρυσα και αργυρα αλλα και ξυλινα και οστρακινα και α μεν εις τιμην α δε εις ατιμιαν

2 Timothy 2:21 If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work. [kjv]

εαν ουν τις εκκαθαρη εαυτον απο τουτων εσται σκευος εις τιμην ηγιασμενον ευχρηστον τω δεσποτη εις παν εργον αγαθον ητοιμασμενον [gnt]

The Greek for "purge" is that of "making clean" or "making pure".

The Greek for "meet" is that of "good usefulness".

The "prepared" brings to mind the "study to show thyself approved" verse. Here, some of those qualities to evidence are listed.

More: Matthew 5:8 Blessed are the pure in heart

2 Timothy 2:21

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KJV: If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work.

Greek: εαν ουν τις εκκαθαρη εαυτον απο τουτων εσται σκευος εις τιμην ηγιασμενον και ευχρηστον τω δεσποτη εις παν εργον αγαθον ητοιμασμενον

2 Timothy 2:22 Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart. [kjv]

τας δε νεωτερικας επιθυμιας φευγε διωκε δε δικαιοσυνην πιστιν αγαπην ειρηνην μετα των επικαλουμενων τον κυριον εκ καθαρας καρδιας [gnt]

The Greek for "follow" is the word for "pursue" that is often translated as "persecute".

The "pure heart" is now explicitly stated.

More: Matthew 5:8 Blessed are the pure in heart

2 Timothy 2:22

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KJV: Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart.

Greek: τας δε νεωτερικας επιθυμιας φευγε διωκε δε δικαιοσυνην πιστιν αγαπην ειρηνην μετα των επικαλουμενων τον κυριον εκ καθαρας καρδιας

2 Timothy 2:23 But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes. [kjv]

τας δε μωρας και απαιδευτους ζητησεις παραιτου ειδως οτι γεννωσιν μαχας [gnt]

Is there anything such as a "stupid question"?

The Greek for "avoid" is that of "seek" as in "seek and you shall find".

The Greek for "unlearned questions" is that of "not useful requests".

The Greek for "strifes" is that of "battles" and not the word for "invalid logic". This appears to refer back to the "word battles" of a previous verse.

2 Timothy 2:23

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KJV: But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes.

Greek: τας δε μωρας και απαιδευτους ζητησεις παραιτου ειδως οτι γεννωσιν μαχας

2 Timothy 2:24 And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient, [kjv]

δουλον δε κυριου ου δει μαχεσθαι αλλα ηπιον ειναι προς παντας διδακτικον ανεξικακον [gnt]

The Greek for "strifes" is that of "battles" and not the word for "invalid logic".

The Greek for "strive" is the word related to the Greek for "sword".

2 Timothy 2:24

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KJV: And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient,

Greek: δουλον δε κυριου ου δει μαχεσθαι αλλ αλλα ηπιον ειναι προς παντας διδακτικον ανεξικακον

2 Timothy 2:25 In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth; [kjv]

εν πραυτητι παιδευοντα τους αντιδιατιθεμενους μηποτε δωη αυτοις ο θεος μετανοιαν εις επιγνωσιν αληθειας [gnt]

An important aspect of being "meek" is that of "listening".

The "opposition" of those against themselves is a reflexive idea. However, the Greek word "anti" means "in place of" and not "against".

The "repentance" is that of "thinking after" what one has heard and fits with "acknowledging" the "truth" and not with a superficial changing of behavior.

More: Matthew 5:5 Grounds for meekly inheriting humble pie

More: Reflexive relationships in the Bible

2 Timothy 2:25

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KJV: In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth;

Greek: εν πραοτητι πραυτητι παιδευοντα τους αντιδιατιθεμενους μηποτε δω δωη αυτοις ο θεος μετανοιαν εις επιγνωσιν αληθειας

2 Timothy 2:26 And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will. [kjv]

και ανανηψωσιν εκ της του διαβολου παγιδος εζωγρημενοι υπ αυτου εις το εκεινου θελημα [gnt]

The Greek for "captive" is a physical "captivity" and not the word used in a few verses with the "silly women" in the "house" as a mental "captivity" or "captivation".

The Greek for "captive" is, literally, that of "taken alive" as contrasted with "taken dead".

Wanted poster: dead or alive

It appears that Satan can request to take individuals "captive" for a given purpose and with permission as in Job, Peter, etc.

Details are left as a future topic.

2 Timothy 2:26

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KJV: And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will.

Greek: και ανανηψωσιν εκ της του διαβολου παγιδος εζωγρημενοι υπ αυτου εις το εκεινου θελημα

*G2221 *2 ζωγρέω (dzogue-reh'-o) : from the same as G2226 and G64; to take alive (make a prisoner of war), i.e. (figuratively) to capture or ensnare:--take captive, catch.

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ζωγρων

Luke 5:10 ... from henceforth thou shalt catch men.

εζωγρημενοι

2 Timothy 2:26 ... out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at ...

*G2221 *2 ζωγρέω (dzogue-reh'-o) : from the same as G2226 and G64; to take alive (make a prisoner of war), i.e. (figuratively) to capture or ensnare:--take captive, catch.

Words: εζωγρημενοι ζωγρων

Paul then continues with extending what he has just said to the "last days".

2 Timothy 3:1 This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. [kjv]

To what is Paul referring?

last days

ages

More: 2 Timothy 3:1-12 Silly women in the she shed