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2 Thessalonians 2:1-17 End game deceptions
1. Thessalonians overview
1 Thessalonians
1. Opening salutation
2. Church history
3. Timothy's visit
4. Church issues, rapture
5. Thief in the night, closing salutation
2 Thessalonians
1. Opening salutation
2. End game deceptions (this page)
3. Closing salutation
As is usual, there are some who doubt Paul wrote 2 Thessalonians. There are some who doubt Paul wrote 1 Thessalonians.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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2. Amanuensis
3. 2 Thessalonians 2:1-17 End game deceptions
An "
end game" strategy is a strategy used at the end of a game, looking towards the final goal.
In the military, before one advances into a position one should have an "
exit strategy" or "
Exodus" which in Greek is, literally, "
the way out".
The ancient Greek word
"ἔξοδος" ≈ "way out, exodus" and is the source of the English word
"Exodus". The early Christians called their faith "
the way". The book of Exodus is the story of the "
way out" of the bondage of slavery, where Egypt represents the (evil) power of this world.
In 2 Thessalonians 2:1-17, Paul talks about
deception in the end times or end game of times.
4. 2 Thessalonians 2:1 Just asking
2 Thessalonians 2:1 Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him, [kjv]
ερωτωμεν δε υμας αδελφοι υπερ της παρουσιας του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου και ημων επισυναγωγης επ αυτον [gnt]
rogamus … adventum … congregationis … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"ἐρωτάω" ≈ "ask, question". The Greek word for
"beseech" used here is that of
"asking" and
not that of "
pleading" as in "
please".
The ancient Greek word "παρακαλέω" ≈ "call, summon, appeal, urge".
The modern Greek word "παρακαλώ" (pa-ra-ka-LO) ≈ "please, you're welcome, it's nothing, can I help you?".
The ancient Greek word "παρά" ≈ "beyond" and not "parallel".
The ancient Greek word "καλέω" ≈ "call".
5. Strongs - ask
- *G2065 *65 ἐρωτάω (er-o-tah'-o) : apparently from G2046 (compare G2045); to interrogate; by implication, to request:--ask, beseech, desire, intreat, pray. Compare G4441.
- ερωτω *9
- Luke 14:18 ... and see it: I pray thee have me excused.
- Luke 14:19 ... I go to prove them: I pray thee have me excused.
- Luke 16:27 Then he said, I pray thee therefore, father, ...
- John 17:9 I pray for them: I pray not for ...
- John 17:15 I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of ...
- John 17:20 Neither pray I for these alone, but ...
- Philippians 4:3 And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, ...
- 2 John 1:5 And now I beseech thee, lady, not ...
- ηρωτησαν *8
- Luke 4:38 ... a great fever; and they besought him for her.
- John 1:21 And they asked him, What then? Art ...
- John 1:25 And they asked him, and said unto him, ...
- John 5:12 Then asked they him, What man is ...
- John 9:2 And his disciples asked him, saying, Master, ...
- John 9:19 And they asked them, saying, Is this ...
- John 19:31 ... was an high day,) besought Pilate that their ...
- Acts 10:48 ... the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days.
- ηρωτων *7
- Luke 7:4 And when they came to Jesus, they besought him ...
- John 4:31 In the mean while his disciples prayed him, saying, Master, eat.
- John 4:40 ... were come unto him, they besought him that he would tarry with ...
- John 9:15 Then again the Pharisees also asked him how he had received his sight. ...
- John 12:21 ... Bethsaida of Galilee, and desired him, saying, Sir, ...
- Acts 1:6 When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, ...
- Acts 16:39 ... and brought them out, and desired them to depart out of the city.
- ηρωτα *6
- Matthew 16:13 ... the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, ...
- Mark 7:26 ... a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought him that he would cast forth ...
- Mark 8:5 And he asked them, How many loaves have ye? ...
- Luke 7:36 And one of the Pharisees desired him that he would eat ...
- John 4:47 ... unto him, and besought him that he would come down, ...
- Acts 3:3 ... go into the temple asked an alms.
- ηρωτησεν *6
- Luke 5:3 ... which was Simon's, and prayed him that he would thrust out a little ...
- Luke 8:37 ... of the country of the Gadarenes round about besought him to depart from ...
- Luke 23:3 And Pilate asked him, saying, Art ...
- John 18:19 The high priest then asked Jesus of his ...
- John 19:38 ... for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away ...
- Acts 23:18 ... called me unto him, and prayed me to bring this young man ...
- ερωτησω *5
- Matthew 21:24 ... and said unto them, I also will ask you one thing, ...
- Luke 20:3 ... unto them, I will also ask you one ...
- Luke 22:68 And if I also ask you, ye will not ...
- John 14:16 And I will pray the Father, and he shall give ...
- John 16:26 ... unto you, that I will pray the Father for you:
- ερωτα *5
- Luke 11:37 ... he spake, a certain Pharisee besought him to dine ...
- Luke 14:32 ... a great way off, he sendeth an ambassage, and desireth conditions of peace.
- Luke 19:31 And if any man ask you, Why do ye loose ...
- John 16:5 ... none of you asketh me, Whither goest thou?
- John 16:30 ... not that any man should ask thee: by this ...
- ερωτωμεν *3
- 1 Thessalonians 4:1 Furthermore then we beseech you, brethren, and ...
- 1 Thessalonians 5:12 And we beseech you, brethren, to know them which labour ...
- 2 Thessalonians 2:1 Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming ...
- ηρωτουν *2
- Matthew 15:23 ... his disciples came and besought him, saying, Send ...
- Mark 4:10 ... him with the twelve asked of him the parable.
- ερωτας *2
- Matthew 19:17 And he said unto him, Why callest thou me ...
- John 18:21 Why askest thou me? ask them which heard me, ...
- ερωτησαι *2
- Luke 9:45 ... not: and they feared to ask him of that saying.
- Acts 23:20 And he said, The Jews have agreed to desire thee that thou wouldest bring down ...
- ερωτωντες *2
- John 8:7 So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said ...
- John 8:53 Art thou greater than our father Abraham, ...
- ερωτων
- Luke 7:3 ... him the elders of the Jews, beseeching him that he would come ...
- ερωτησωσιν
- John 1:19 ... from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou?
- ερωτησατε
- John 9:21 ... he is of age; ask him: he shall speak ...
- ερωταν
- John 16:19 ... knew that they were desirous to ask him, and said ...
- ερωτησετε
- John 16:23 And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. Verily, ...
- ερωτησον
- John 18:21 Why askest thou me? ask them which heard me, ...
- ερωτωντων
- Acts 18:20 When they desired him to tarry longer ...
- ερωτηση
- 1 John 5:16 ... not say that he shall pray for it.
6. Strongs - ask
*G2065 *65 ἐρωτάω (er-o-tah'-o) : apparently from G2046 (compare G2045); to interrogate; by implication, to request:--ask, beseech, desire, intreat, pray. Compare G4441.
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Words: ερωτα=5 ερωταν ερωτας=2 ερωτησαι=2 ερωτησατε ερωτησετε ερωτηση ερωτησον ερωτησω=5 ερωτησωσιν ερωτω=9 ερωτωμεν=3 ερωτων ερωτωντες=2 ερωτωντων ηρωτα=6 ηρωτησαν=8 ηρωτησεν=6 ηρωτουν=2 ηρωτων=7
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This word is sometimes translated as
"pray",
"beseech",
"entreat",
"desired". Many times, the context of the verse is used to translated the verse rather than use the meaning of the word (and let the reader fill in the meaning from context).
The translators of the
GNT (Greek New Testament) often decided to translate the word as
"beg",
"entreat",
"solicit", etc., even though the ancient Greek meaning fits.
7. 2 Thessalonians 2:1 Coming
2 Thessalonians 2:1 Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him, [kjv]
ερωτωμεν δε υμας αδελφοι υπερ της παρουσιας του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου και ημων επισυναγωγης επ αυτον [gnt]
rogamus … adventum … congregationis … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"παρουσία" ≈ "arrival, occasion, coming". The Latin word
"adventum" ≈ "advent, arrival".
8. Prodigal son
The Greek word for "
substance" or "
ousia" is used only twice in the
GNT - in successive verses in Luke.
Luke 15:12 And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. [kjv]
και ειπεν ο νεωτερος αυτων τω πατρι πατερ δος μοι το επιβαλλον μερος της ουσιας ο δε διειλεν αυτοις τον βιον [gnt]
15:13 And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living. [kjv]
και μετ ου πολλας ημερας συναγαγων παντα ο νεωτερος υιος απεδημησεν εις χωραν μακραν και εκει διεσκορπισεν την ουσιαν αυτου ζων ασωτως [gnt]
9. Substance
Philippians 2:12 … not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, … [kjv]
ωστε αγαπητοι μου καθως παντοτε υπηκουσατε μη ως εν τη παρουσια μου μονον αλλα νυν πολλω μαλλον εν τη απουσια μου μετα φοβου και τρομου την εαυτων σωτηριαν κατεργαζεσθε [gnt]
… oboedistis … praesentia … absentia … operamini [v]
The words for
"presence" and
"absence" have as a root word a word Aristotle used often as a "
substance" of reality. It appears that Paul wanted to use "
ousia" twice in this verse, right after the poem that appears to allude to Aristotle's four causes and before using Aristotle's term for "
actualization" twice.
The ancient Greek word "ουσία" ≈ "substance"
The ancient Greek word "απουσία" ≈ "absence"
The ancient Greek word "παρουσία" ≈ "presence" which also means "advent" or "coming" as in making a presence known, whereas Latin has a different word for each meaning.
10. Matthew 24:3 Second coming
The disciples ask Jesus about the second coming and the end times in what is called the "
Olivet" discourse where Jesus talks about "
all of it". In Greek, the "
end of the world" is the "
end of the age" (or "
ages").
Matthew 24:3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world? [kjv]
καθημενου δε αυτου επι του ορους των ελαιων προσηλθον αυτω οι μαθηται κατ ιδιαν λεγοντες ειπον ημιν ποτε ταυτα εσται και τι το σημειον της σης παρουσιας και συντελειας του αιωνος [gnt]
… adventus … consummationis saeculi [v]
… to-kymes … worlde ge-aendenge. [wes]
… comynge … ende of the worlde… [ty]
Joy to the world, the Lord has come. Psalm 98. (
second coming)
11. Advents
There are two important advents and reasons for each advent.
| First coming |
Second coming (hint in Daniel) |
| Messiah ‑ Kinsman Redeemer |
King ‑ Avenger of Blood |
| Help the oppressed at the bottom |
Replace the evil rulers at the top |
| Not loving neighbor (as yourself) |
Not loving God |
| Hating sin ‑ hating sinner |
Loving sinner ‑ loving sin |
| Paralyzing religious establishment |
Paralyzing religious establishment |
Some prefer to ignore the second coming. Some claim it has already happened. Some claim it will not happen as it is just in our mind, And so on.
What parts of the two advents are the same? Some things never change.
There is nothing new under the sun.
12. Matthew 12:26-29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man
Matthew 12:29 Or else how can one enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house. [kjv]
η πως δυναται τις εισελθειν εις την οικιαν του ισχυρου και τα σκευη αυτου σαι αρπασαι εαν μη πρωτον δηση τον ισχυρον και τοτε την οικιαν αυτου διαρπασει [gnt]
The
GNT word for
"spoil" is the ancient Greek word
"ἁρπάζω" ≈ "snatch away, carry off" and may be related to the ancient Greek word
"ἅρπη" ≈ "bird of prey" as a hawk or falcon and which
may be related to the
PIE (Proto Indo-European) root for "
reap", "
harvest", "
sickle". This word for
"snatch" is sometimes translated
"rapture" or
"ravenous" as in "
wolves".
The ancient Greek word
"σκευή" ≈ "vessel" as something that is made but can refer to
"people" as in a
"chosen vessel".
[Last Supper, 1 & 2 Thessalonians]
13. Gathering together
2 Thessalonians 2:1 Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him, [kjv]
ερωτωμεν δε υμας αδελφοι υπερ της παρουσιας του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου και ημων επισυναγωγης επ αυτον [gnt]
rogamus … adventum … congregationis … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"συναγωγή" ≈ "gathering" is the source of the English word
"synagogue" and means, literally,
"going together".
People can gather together unto the Lord. (synagogue, church, etc.)
The Lord will gather together his people. (rapture)
Matthew 25:38 When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? [kjv]
ποτε δε σε ειδαμεν ξενον και συνηγαγομεν η γυμνον και περιεβαλομεν [gnt]
14. Matthew 25:38 Taking someone into a synagogue
Matthew 25:38 When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? [kjv]
ποτε δε σε ειδαμεν ξενον και συνηγαγομεν η γυμνον και περιεβαλομεν [gnt]
… hospitem … colleximus … [v]
The parable of the
sheep and
goats uses the words
"stranger" and
"took thee in".
"ξένος" ≈ "foreign, strange, usual".
"συναγωγή" ≈ "gathering" and is the source of the English word "synagogue".
Paraphrase:
When did you see me an outside stranger and took the lead in inviting me into your assembly or gathering as a guest?
A modern version of this is taking an active role in
"inviting someone to church". The follow-up might be to make help them get "
clothed" in "
righteousness".
15. Matthew 25:32 Nations of people
Matthew 25:32 And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats: [kjv]
και συναχθησονται εμπροσθεν αυτου παντα τα εθνη και αφορισει αυτους απ αλληλων ωσπερ ο ποιμην αφοριζει τα προβατα απο των εριφων [gnt]
… congregabuntur … gentes … separabit … segregat oves … hedis [v]
The Latin word
"congrego" ≈ "herd into a flock" and is the source of the English word
"congregation" as adopted by
Tyndale about 1520 as a way to translate the modern Greek word
"εκκλησία" (ehk-klee-SEE-a) ≈ "those called out, church", literally the "
ones called out", as a word for the "
church" as a "
gathering of believers".
The
KJV (King James Version) translates as
"nations" The ancient Greek word
"ἔθνος" ≈ "group of people" and is the source of the English word
"ethnic".
16. Matthew 25:40,45 Sheep and (kid) goats
Matthew 25:40 And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. [kjv]
και αποκριθεις ο βασιλευς ερει αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν εφ οσον εποιησατε ενι τουτων των αδελφων μου των ελαχιστων εμοι εποιησατε [gnt]
… minimis … fecistis [v]
25:45 Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. [kjv]
τοτε αποκριθησεται αυτοις λεγων αμην λεγω υμιν εφ οσον ουκ εποιησατε ενι τουτων των ελαχιστων ουδε εμοι εποιησατε [gnt]
… minoribus … [v]
In both verses, the ancient Greek word
"ἐλαχύς" ≈ "small, short, little", as in
"least", is used. There is one significant difference in the two verses.
To the sheep the "my brethren" is added.
To the (kid) goats, the "my brethren" is not present.
Since both groups are surprised, one might assume that both groups think that they have done these things - albeit in a literal sense. Perhaps the meaning goes beyond literal into a figurative sense.
The use of "
young" "
goats" and, elsewhere in Matthew, "
young" "
pigs", including play on words of "
swine", appears to relate the "
goats" and "
pigs" as land animals that have similar characteristics in the animal model.
17. Matthew 25:40,45 Least of these
Matthew 25:40 And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. [kjv]
και αποκριθεις ο βασιλευς ερει αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν εφ οσον εποιησατε ενι τουτων των αδελφων μου των ελαχιστων εμοι εποιησατε [gnt]
… minimis … fecistis [v]
25:45 Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. [kjv]
τοτε αποκριθησεται αυτοις λεγων αμην λεγω υμιν εφ οσον ουκ εποιησατε ενι τουτων των ελαχιστων ουδε εμοι εποιησατε [gnt]
… minoribus … [v]
Integers have
different values, one being greater or less than another. At the
semantic type level, all integers are considered
the same.
There is no
unique "least" value at the semantic type level - they all have the same semantic type value. So all integers can be compared by integer value but all integers are the same by type value. The general idea is that of a mathematical equivalence relation.
18. 2 Thessalonians 2:1
KJV: Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him,
Greek: ερωτωμεν δε υμας αδελφοι υπερ της παρουσιας του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου και ημων επισυναγωγης επ αυτον
Latin: rogamus autem vos fratres per adventum Domini nostri Iesu Christi et nostrae congregationis in ipsum
19. Would you like fries with that shake?
20. Mark 13:25
KJV: And the stars of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken.
Greek: και οι αστερες εσονται εκ του ουρανου εσονται εκπιπτοντες πιπτοντες και αι δυναμεις αι εν τοις ουρανοις σαλευθησονται
Latin: et erunt stellae caeli decidentes et virtutes quae sunt in caelis movebuntur
21. 2 Thessalonians 2:2 Standing in
2 Thessalonians 2:2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. [kjv]
εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μηδε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του κυριου [gnt]
… moveamini … sensu … terreamini … spiritum … sermonem … epistulam … quasi instet … [v]
The
"at hand" makes some think about happening, or not happening, at that time.The ancient Greek word
"ἐνίστημι" ≈ "begin, be, be upon, be present" as in
"standing in" or
"making a stand". This meaning makes more sense when one notices that in the next verse Paul uses a word with root
"make to stand" in an
opposite sense.
The Latin word
"quasi" ≈ "as if" and is the source of the English word
"quasi". The Latin word
"instet" ≈ "stand upon, set foot on, nearby, close to, be imminent".
22. Strongs - at present
- *G1764 *7 ἐνίστημι (en-is'-tay-mee) : from G1722 and G2476; to place on hand, i.e. (reflexively) impend, (participle) be instant:--come, be at hand, present.
- ενεστωτα *2
- Romans 8:38 ... nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come,
- 1 Corinthians 3:22 ... or death, or things present, or things to come; all ...
- ενεστωσαν
- 1 Corinthians 7:26 ... is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good ...
- ενεστωτος
- Galatians 1:4 ... us from this present evil world, according to ...
- ενεστηκεν
- 2 Thessalonians 2:2 ... that the day of Christ is at hand.
- ενστησονται
- 2 Timothy 3:1 ... days perilous times shall come.
- ενεστηκοτα
- Hebrews 9:9 Which was a figure for the time then present, in which were offered ...
23. Usage - at present
*G1764 *7 ἐνίστημι (en-is'-tay-mee) : from G1722 and G2476; to place on hand, i.e. (reflexively) impend, (participle) be instant:--come, be at hand, present.
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Words: ενεστηκεν ενεστηκοτα ενεστωσαν ενεστωτα=2 ενεστωτος ενστησονται
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The ancient Greek word
"ἐνίστημι" ≈ "begin, be, be upon, be present" as in
"standing in" or
"making a stand".
24. 2 Thessalonians 2:2
KJV: That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.
Greek: εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μητε μηδε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του χριστου κυριου
Latin: ut non cito moveamini a sensu neque terreamini neque per spiritum neque per sermonem neque per epistulam tamquam per nos quasi instet dies Domini
25. 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Apostasy
2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
… seducat … modo … discessio … revelatus … peccati filius perditionis [v]
The ancient Greek word
"ἀποστασία" ≈ "defection, revolt" and is the source of the Latin word
"apostasia" ≈ "apostasy" (not used here in the Latin Vulgate) and which is the source of the English word
"apostasy". The ancient Greek word
"ἀφίστημι" ≈ "stand off, stand away, depart".
The word
"apostasy" was
later given a more technical meaning by the Catholic Church that, going against the fault tolerant systems principles stated by Jesus, assumed that they (the church) were always right.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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26. 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Latin
2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
… seducat … modo … discessio … revelatus … peccati filius perditionis [v]
The Latin word
"discessio" ≈ "withdrawal, dispersal, separation".
The
KJV translates as "
for that" the Greek word that means "
because". The "
it" is from the "
it comes" and translated as "
that day comes". The negation and tense of the verb is that of "
shall not".
27. 2 Thessalonians 2:2-3 Standing in and out
2 Thessalonians 2:2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. [kjv]
εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μηδε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του κυριου [gnt]
2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
2:2: "ἐν" ≈ "in" and "ἵστημι" ≈ "make to stand, set up, stand" as in The day of Christ is making a stand.
2:3: "ἀπο" ≈ "away from" and "ἵστημι" ≈ "make to stand, set up, stand" as in except some will stand away from that standing day of Christ.
Paul often uses contrasts such as "
in" and "
out", "
above" and "
below", etc.
28. Romans 8:31 Connecting verse review
Romans 8:31 What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can be against us? [kjv]
τι ουν ερουμεν προς ταυτα ει ο θεος υπερ ημων τις καθ ημων [gnt]
… haec … pro … contra … [v]
Connective paraphrase:
Since God is above us (verses before - these things - above in the text), then who (might it be that) is down on us (following verses and chapters - down below in the text)?
The word slide started with the Latin.
"pro" ≈ "for, on behalf of, in front of".
"contra" ≈ "against, contrary".
29. 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Deceit
2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
… seducat … modo … discessio … revelatus … peccati filius perditionis [v]
The ancient Greek word
"ἀπάτη" ≈ "deceit, fraud".
A
"deceit" or
"fraud" is something that is not what it appears to be, is portrayed to be, etc. Jesus warns of false Christs using the Greek word that means to "
deviate" or "
wander off course" that became the English word for "
planet".
30. Fraud and deception
31. 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Destruction
2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
… seducat … modo … discessio … revelatus … peccati filius perditionis [v]
The ancient Greek word
"απώλεια" ≈ "loss" and comes from
"ἀπόλλυμι" ≈ "destroy, perish" which comes from two Greek words.
The ancient Greek prefix "ᾰ̓πο" ≈ "away" and implies some distance of separation.
The ancient Greek word "ὄλλῡμῐ" ≈ "destroy" which appears to be related to the Latin word "aboleo" ≈ "retard, destroy" which is the source of the English word "abolish".
32. Penalty for taking away
33. 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Destruction
2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
… seducat … modo … discessio … revelatus … peccati filius perditionis [v]
The Latin word
"perditio" ≈ "ruin, destruction" and is the source of the English word
"perdition".
Here, Paul talks about the "
son" of
"perdition" which is, in the Greek, the "
son" of
"destruction". This person is sometimes associated with the "
Antichrist" and with other titles used for this person (in the end times). Note that the Greek word for "
Antichrist" means, literally, someone "
in place of Christ". Some Greek manuscripts have the "
man of lawlessness" rather than "
man of sin".
34. 2 Thessalonians 2:3
2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
Might this deceiver be
"against the law" of God in some way but in a way that many do not realize it? Could an emphasis on unconditional "
love your neighbor" without the "
love your neighbor as yourself" manipulate an attitude of ignoring all of God's other laws?
The Greek translated as "sin" is that of "against the law". There are two primary laws.
Love God (hate sin).
Love neighbor as yourself (love sinner).
Some Greek manuscripts, following the Latin, change
"against the law" or
"lawlessness" to
"sin".
35. Both love your God and love your neighbor as yourself needed
Jesus clearly states the two laws on which the law and the prophets hang in Mark 12:30-31 (and elsewhere).
Law/Pearl 1: Love God (and the rules of God).
Law/Pearl 2: Love your neighbor as yourself.
Some churches omit the "
as yourself" in order to help get world culture (that goes against the rules of God) into their church.
The religious establishment at the time of Jesus emphasized law 1, "Love your God", but ignored law 2, "Love your neighbor as yourself" rule. This is, literally, "against the law" (of God).
According to Jesus, both rules are needed. What happens if the religious establishment ignores "Love your God" and emphasizes only "Love your neighbor" and often leaves out "as yourself"? This is, literally, "against the law" (of God)
36. 2 Thessalonians 2:3
KJV: Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;
Greek: μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της αμαρτιας ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας
Latin: ne quis vos seducat ullo modo quoniam nisi venerit discessio primum et revelatus fuerit homo peccati filius perditionis
37. Opposite
38. 2 Thessalonians 2:4 Opposite
2 Thessalonians 2:4 Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God. [kjv]
ο αντικειμενος και υπεραιρομενος επι παντα λεγομενον θεον η σεβασμα ωστε αυτον εις τον ναον του θεου καθισαι αποδεικνυντα εαυτον οτι εστιν θεος [gnt]
… adversatur … extollitur … dicitur … colitur … templo … sedeat … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"ἀντίκειμαι" ≈ "opposite" and
not "opposeth". This is, this person will be the
"opposite", in deception, but will
not "oppose" what he is trying to "
impersonate".
39. Socialism and man
What will finally destroy us is not communism or fascism, but man acting like God. Malcolm Muggeridge (British broadcaster)
Another name for "
socialism" is "
humanism". That is, man following man's laws rather than man following God's laws.
Nazi stands for "National Socialism". Nazi is a word not used by Hitler or Stalin.
USSR stands for "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics". The Russian word "CCCP" ≈ "USSR"
A "
religion" can be defined as a "
belief system based on faith". Nothing is something. If one gets rid of all religion, one is left with what is often called "
secular humanism". That is, a "
religion" in and of itself based on human "
opinion", "
glory", "
law" and "
righteousness".
40. 2 Thessalonians 2:4
KJV: Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God.
Greek: ο αντικειμενος και υπεραιρομενος επι παντα λεγομενον θεον η σεβασμα ωστε αυτον εις τον ναον του θεου ως θεον καθισαι αποδεικνυντα εαυτον οτι εστιν θεος
Latin: qui adversatur et extollitur supra omne quod dicitur Deus aut quod colitur ita ut in templo Dei sedeat ostendens se quia sit Deus
41. Reminders about deceptions
2 Thessalonians 2:5 Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with you, I told you these things? [kjv]
ου μνημονευετε οτι ετι ων προς υμας ταυτα ελεγον υμιν [gnt]
Jesus said something similar, using different words, when talking about deception.
Matthew 24:24 For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect. [kjv]
εγερθησονται γαρ ψευδοχριστοι και ψευδοπροφηται και δωσουσιν σημεια μεγαλα και τερατα ωστε πλανασθαι ει δυνατον και τους εκλεκτους [gnt]
24:25 Behold, I have told you before. [kjv]
ιδου προειρηκα υμιν [gnt]
42. 2 Thessalonians 2:5
KJV: Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with you, I told you these things?
Greek: ου μνημονευετε οτι ετι ων προς υμας ταυτα ελεγον υμιν
43. Matthew 24:24
KJV: For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect.
Greek: εγερθησονται γαρ ψευδοχριστοι και ψευδοπροφηται και δωσουσιν σημεια μεγαλα και τερατα ωστε πλανησαι πλανασθαι ει δυνατον και τους εκλεκτους
44. Matthew 24:25
KJV: Behold, I have told you before.
Greek: ιδου προειρηκα υμιν
45. 2 Thessalonians 2:6 Revealed
2 Thessalonians 2:6 And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. [kjv]
και νυν το κατεχον οιδατε εις το αποκαλυφθηναι αυτον εν τω αυτου καιρω [gnt]
… detineat … reveletur … tempore [v]
The word Paul uses for
"revealed" is the same word from which we get the name of the book of
"Revelation". The Latin word
"reveletur" ≈ "revealed".
The ancient Greek word
"ἀποκάλυψις" ≈ "disclose, reveal".
This and some following verses appear to be stated in a top-down backward-chaining.
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Details are left as a future topic.
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46. Revelation 1:1 Revealing an uncovering revelation
Revelation 1:1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John: [kjv]
αποκαλυψις ιησου χριστου ην εδωκεν αυτω ο θεος δειξαι τοις δουλοις αυτου α δει γενεσθαι εν ταχει και εσημανεν αποστειλας δια του αγγελου αυτου τω δουλω αυτου ιωαννη [gnt]
The Greek word for "
hide" is part of the Greek word for
"Revelation" which means
"uncovering" or
"revealing" as in a
"revelation" (the Latin word). The name of the book of Revelation comes from the Greek word for
"uncovering". That ancient Greek word
"ἀποκάλυψις" ≈ "disclose, reveal" and comes from two Greek words.
The ancient Greek word "ἀπο" ≈ "away from" which has the idea of separation from.
The ancient Greek word "καλύπτω" ≈ "cover" which appears to be related or have influenced the meaning of the ancient Greek word "κρύπτω" ≈ "hide" as in the English words "cryptic" and "cryptographic".
47. 2 Thessalonians 2:6
2 Thessalonians 2:6 And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. [kjv]
και νυν το κατεχον οιδατε εις το αποκαλυφθηναι αυτον εν τω αυτου καιρω [gnt]
… detineat … reveletur … tempore [v]
The ancient Greek word
"καιρός" ≈ "measure, period of time, season". The ancient Greek word had a connotation of being the right moment, the critical moment, the opportune moment, etc. This word can be a play on words with
"χειρός" ≈ "hand".
48. Matthew 26:18 Pass-code
Matthew 26:18 And he said, Go into the city to such a man, and say unto him, The Master saith, My time is at hand; I will keep the passover at thy house with my disciples. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν υπαγετε εις την πολιν προς τον δεινα και ειπατε αυτω ο διδασκαλος λεγει ο καιρος μου εγγυς εστιν προς σε ποιω το πασχα μετα των μαθητων μου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word "ἐγγύς" ≈ "near" which literally means "at hand".
The ancient Greek word "καιρός" ≈ "measure, period of time, season".
The ancient Greek word "χειρός" ≈ "hand".
When Jesus gives a "
pass-code" there appears to be a play on words based on sound of "
χ" (guttural "
ch") and "
κ" ("
k") and similarity of the vowels.
Jesus: ... my time is at hand ...
Play on words: ... my hand is at hand ...
49. 2 Thessalonians 2:6 Holding
2 Thessalonians 2:6 And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. [kjv]
και νυν το κατεχον οιδατε εις το αποκαλυφθηναι αυτον εν τω αυτου καιρω [gnt]
… detineat … reveletur … tempore [v]
The ancient Greek word
"καθεξής" ≈ "going forth in sequence" comes from the ancient Greek word
"κατέχω" ≈ "hold down, restrain" which is, more literally,
"getting down to holding/having".
To have and to hold.
The Greek (and Russian) word for "no" is, literally, "not having" as in "I don't have it".
The Latin word "detineo" ≈ "hold off, detain, delay, hinder".
Might this be related to the "
gates of Hades" not being at full strength while the Church (and Holy Spirit) are present, until the "
wicked one" be "
revealed"? Those "
gates", with the help of the "
flaming sword", appear to be, for now, keeping the "
way open" to "
life".
50. Acts 11:4 And so forth
51. 2 Thessalonians 2:6
KJV: And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time.
Greek: και νυν το κατεχον οιδατε εις το αποκαλυφθηναι αυτον εν τω εαυτου αυτου καιρω
Latin: et nunc quid detineat scitis ut reveletur in suo tempore
52. 2 Thessalonians 2:7 Out of the way
2 Thessalonians 2:7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. [kjv]
το γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται [gnt]
… mysterium … operatur iniquitatis … tenet … medio … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"εκ" ≈ "out, out of" as in the first part of the English word
"Exodus".
"ὁδός" ≈ "way, path" as in the last part of the English words "method" and "exodus". This is the common Greek word for "way".
The Greek translated here as "
way" is that of "
middle" or "
midst".
"μέσος" ≈ "middle, between" as in the (first part of the) English word
"Mesopotamia".
53. Mesopotamia
The ancient Greek word
"Μεσοποταμία" ≈ "Mesopotamia" and means, literally, "
between the rivers", of the Tigris and Euphrates.
"μέσος" ≈ "middle, between" as in the (first part of the) English word "Mesopotamia".
"ποταμός" ≈ "river" and is the source of (the last part of) the English word "hippopotamus".
This is the location of Nineveh (Jonah), Babylon (Daniel) and the Ur of the Chaldea (Abraham). This ward appears
19 times in the
LXX (Septuagint) and
GNT. Stephen, in his sermon in Acts, before being stoned, mentions Mesopotamia.
Note: The Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia is from an Algonquian Indian (Native American) name with various claimed meanings such as "
river of swans", "
place where people trade", etc.
54. 2 Thessalonians 2:7 Out of the way
2 Thessalonians 2:7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. [kjv]
το γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται [gnt]
… mysterium … operatur iniquitatis … tenet … medio … [v]
The Greek for "
be taken out" is that of "
coming into being".
KJV: until he be taken out of the way.
Greek: now until out of the middle/midst he/it comes into being
What or who is "
it"?
55. 2 Thessalonians 2:7
KJV: For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way.
Greek: το γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται
Latin: nam mysterium iam operatur iniquitatis tantum ut qui tenet nunc donec de medio fiat
56. 2 Thessalonians 2:6-7 Holding
2 Thessalonians 2:6 And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. [kjv]
και νυν το κατεχον οιδατε εις το αποκαλυφθηναι αυτον εν τω αυτου καιρω [gnt]
… detineat … reveletur … tempore [v]
2:7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. [kjv]
το γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται [gnt]
… mysterium … operatur iniquitatis … tenet … medio … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"κατέχω" ≈ "hold down, restrain" which is, more literally,
"getting down to holding/having". The Latin uses two different words for the same Greek word. The English, from the Latin, does the same.
The Latin word "detineo" ≈ "hold off, detain, delay, hinder".
The Latin word "teneo" ≈ "hold, have, grasp, posses" and is the source of the English word "tenet".
57. 2 Thessalonians 2:7 Mystery
2 Thessalonians 2:7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. [kjv]
το γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται [gnt]
… mysterium … operatur iniquitatis … tenet … medio … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"μυστήριον" ≈ "secret" and is the source, through French, of the English word
"mystery". The Greek word had to do, not only with
not knowing something, but, from the time of Pythagoras, with
initiation rites of
secret societies, such as Greek philosophical societies.
Could this
"mystery" of
"iniquity" or
"mystery" of
"lawlessness" or
"mystery" of
"against the law" have anything to do with the rule of the people as in democracy, socialism, humanism, etc.?
58. The actual potency and inner workings of energy
Galatians 3:5 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? [kjv]
ο ουν επιχορηγων υμιν το πνευμα και ενεργων δυναμεις εν υμιν εξ εργων νομου η εξ ακοης πιστεως [gnt]
Energy is a word and concept that has ancient roots but had a
different meaning in ancient times. Aristotle first used the ancient Greek word
"ενέργεια" ≈ "actuality" for
"actuality", literally,
"in working".
The ancient Greek word
"δύναμις" ≈ "power, might, strength, potentiality" and is used by Aristotle for something that has
"potential".
KJV : ... worketh miracles among you ...
Paraphrase: ... actualizes the potential in you ...
The root word is
"work" and is used many times in the
LXX and
GNT.
59. 2 Thessalonians 2:7 Work
2 Thessalonians 2:7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. [kjv]
το γαρ μυστηριον ηδη ενεργειται της ανομιας μονον ο κατεχων αρτι εως εκ μεσου γενηται [gnt]
… mysterium … operatur iniquitatis … tenet … medio … [v]
The Greek for
"work" here is a Greek idea of Aristotle referring to
"actualization". That is, it is not necessarily
"working" but it has been
"actualized" (and ready to
"work") and not just a
"potentiality".
The Greek word for
"actualization" is that of
"operational" or
"ready to operate".
The Latin word
"operatio" ≈ "operation, activity, effect, result" and is the source of the English word
"operation".
Paul used this same word in 1 Thessalonians 2:13.
60. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 Effectual working
1 Thessalonians 2:13 For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe. [kjv]
και δια τουτο και ημεις ευχαριστουμεν τω θεω αδιαλειπτως οτι παραλαβοντες λογον ακοης παρ ημων του θεου εδεξασθε ου λογον ανθρωπων αλλα καθως αληθως εστιν λογον θεου ος και ενεργειται εν υμιν τοις πιστευουσιν [gnt]
… sine intermissione … operatur … [v]
How does the
"effectually worketh" compare with the Aristotelian idea of
"actuality"?
61. 1 Thessalonians 2:8 A wicked translation
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: [kjv]
και τοτε αποκαλυφθησεται ο ανομος ον ο κυριος ιησους ανελει τω πνευματι του στοματος αυτου και καταργησει τη επιφανεια της παρουσιας αυτου [gnt]
… revelabitur … iniquus … interficiet spiritu oris … destruet inlustratione adventus … [v]
The
"wicked" one is that of
"lawlessness" or
"against the law". This one appears to be
"revealed" on in
"Revelation".
If the
"wicked one" is
"consumed" and
"destroyed", that one should not need to be mentioned in following verses. Perhaps some words have meanings different than what was translated.
62. 2 Thessalonians 2:9 False coming
2 Thessalonians 2:9 Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, [kjv]
ου εστιν η παρουσια κατ ενεργειαν του σατανα εν παση δυναμει και σημειοις και τερασιν ψευδους [gnt]
eum cuius est adventus secundum operationem Satanae in omni virtute et signis et prodigiis mendacibus [v]
This is
not a
"coming" of Jesus. If the
"wicked one" had been "
consumed" and "
destroyed", how might that change the meaning of this verse.
"actualization" and not necessarily "workings"
"potential" (true deception) and not "power"
"signs" (true deception)
"wonders" (false)
Discuss:
Will you be able to tell the difference? How?
Have people throughout history had to tell the difference? If so, provide examples.
63. 2 Thessalonians 2:9 Works and power
2 Thessalonians 2:9 Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, [kjv]
ου εστιν η παρουσια κατ ενεργειαν του σατανα εν παση δυναμει και σημειοις και τερασιν ψευδους [gnt]
eum cuius est adventus secundum operationem Satanae in omni virtute et signis et prodigiis mendacibus [v]
Substitution:
Even him, whose coming is after the actuality of Satan with all potentiality and signs and lying wonders,
In this case, Satan has
"potential" and not absolute "
power".
Satan does not have "
all"
"power". Satan has "
all"
"potentiality" which appears to be limited by God as to
"actuality" or
"working".
That
"potentiality" may include "
bluffing" using "
deception" and "
signs", etc.
64. 2 Thessalonians 2:9
KJV: Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders,
Greek: ου εστιν η παρουσια κατ ενεργειαν του σατανα εν παση δυναμει και σημειοις και τερασιν ψευδους
Latin: eum cuius est adventus secundum operationem Satanae in omni virtute et signis et prodigiis mendacibus
65. 2 Thessalonians 2:10,3 Deception
66. 2 Thessalonians 2:10
KJV: And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved.
Greek: και εν παση απατη της αδικιας εν τοις απολλυμενοις ανθ ων την αγαπην της αληθειας ουκ εδεξαντο εις το σωθηναι αυτους
Latin: et in omni seductione iniquitatis his qui pereunt eo quod caritatem veritatis non receperunt ut salvi fierent
67. 2 Thessalonians 2:10,3 Destruction
2 Thessalonians 2:10 And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. [kjv]
και εν παση απατη αδικιας τοις απολλυμενοις ανθ ων την αγαπην της αληθειας ουκ εδεξαντο εις το σωθηναι αυτους [gnt]
… seductione iniquitatis … pereunt … [v]
The
"perish" is the same word as
"perdition" as in "
son" of
"perdition" in verse 3. The ancient Greek word
"απώλεια" ≈ "loss" and comes from
"ἀπόλλυμι" ≈ "destroy, perish".
2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
… seducat … modo … discessio … revelatus … peccati filius perditionis [v]
68. 2 Thessalonians 2:11 The lie
2 Thessalonians 2:11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: [kjv]
και δια τουτο πεμπει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει [gnt]
… operationem erroris … credant mendacio [v]
The Greek word for "
believe" is the same word as "
faith". Which word is used appears to be a matter of context and, in some cases, opinion.
There have been many speculations about this
"lie".
Discussion question: What are some candidates for this
"lie"?
69. The lie: evolution
Ham, K. (1987).
The lie: evolution. El Cajon, CA: Master Books.
Ken Ham promotes as a candidate for "
the" "
lie",
not "
a lie", in 2 Thessalonians 2:11, the belief in the theory of evolution.
2 Thessalonians 2:11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: [kjv]
και δια τουτο πεμπει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει [gnt]
… operationem erroris … credant mendacio [v]
70. Coded information note
Note that, using science, one cannot prove the Bible true nor false. However, attempting to get coded information from chance shows, with probability approaching 1.0, that there must be a creator outside of space and time (as we know it) and that, with probability approaching 0.0, the theory of evolution cannot be true (with respect to coded information arising by chance).
Note also that proving evolution false does not make the Bible true. Nor does proving a creator outside of space and time. Proving the Bible true (with probability approaching 1.0) requires additional logic and reasoning.
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
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71. Believing lies
People do not believe lies because they have to, but because they want to. Malcolm Muggeridge (British broadcaster)
72. 2 Thessalonians 2:11,9
2 Thessalonians 2:11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: [kjv]
και δια τουτο πεμπει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει [gnt]
… operationem erroris … credant mendacio [v]
Using Occam's Razor, the simplest explanation of "
the"
"lie" is what Paul just said in the previous verses. In particular, the
"lying" "
wonders" and, in general, that person or power.
2:9 Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, [kjv]
ου εστιν η παρουσια κατ ενεργειαν του σατανα εν παση δυναμει και σημειοις και τερασιν ψευδους [gnt]
eum cuius est adventus secundum operationem Satanae in omni virtute et signis et prodigiis mendacibus [v]
73. 2 Thessalonians 2:11
KJV: And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:
Greek: και δια τουτο πεμψει πεμπει αυτοις ο θεος ενεργειαν πλανης εις το πιστευσαι αυτους τω ψευδει
Latin: ideo mittit illis Deus operationem erroris ut credant mendacio
74. 2 Thessalonians 2:12 Damned pleasure
2 Thessalonians 2:12 That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness. [kjv]
ινα κριθωσιν παντες οι μη πιστευσαντες τη αληθεια αλλα ευδοκησαντες τη αδικια [gnt]
… iudicentur … veritati … consenserunt iniquitati [v]
The
KJV has "
damned" which at the time meant "
judged" but the Greek word has to do only with separating, the first step in a three step process. The implication is that a follow-on steps will result in a sentence and then the sentence being carried out.
The term "
doomsday" means "
judgment day" as in being "
damned" or "
doomed" or "
judged" (in the modern English sense). The Greek word for "
separate" as in "
judge" is related to the Greek word for "
barley".
75. 2 Thessalonians 2:12 Damned pleasure
2 Thessalonians 2:12 That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness. [kjv]
ινα κριθωσιν παντες οι μη πιστευσαντες τη αληθεια αλλα ευδοκησαντες τη αδικια [gnt]
… iudicentur … veritati … consenserunt iniquitati [v]
The ancient Greek word
"εὐδοκέω" ≈ "acceptable" as in
"well pleasing" or, literally,
"good appearance" or
"good expectation".
Discuss: Are there those who try to make a
"good appearance" or
"well pleasing" of that which would otherwise be "
unrighteousness"?
The Latin word
"consentio" ≈ "agree, harmonize, unite" and is the source of the English word
"consent".
The Latin prefix "con" ≈ "together, with"
The Latin word "sentio" ≈ "sense, perceive, feel" and is the source of the English word "sense".
76. Luke 2:14 Paraphrase
Luke 2:14 Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. [kjv]
δοξα εν υψιστοις θεω και επι γης ειρηνη εν ανθρωποις ευδοκιας [gnt]
The Greek for "glory" is that of "opinion" or "expectation".
The Greek for "good will" is that of "good opinion" or "good expectation".
Paraphrase: Expectation/opinion in the highest (from earth) to God and on the earth peace in men of a good expectation.
God has a high opinion and a good expectation that men will be peaceful on earth. To support the
KJV translation, the
second Greek
"in" is to the English
"towards". To support the Greek
"in", translations like the
NIV (New International Version) use the following.
NIV: Glory to God in the highest heaven, and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.
77. 2 Thessalonians 2:12
KJV: That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.
Greek: ινα κριθωσιν παντες οι μη πιστευσαντες τη αληθεια αλλ αλλα ευδοκησαντες εν τη αδικια
Latin: ut iudicentur omnes qui non crediderunt veritati sed consenserunt iniquitati
78. 2 Thessalonians 2:13 Holy Spirit
2 Thessalonians 2:13 But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth: [kjv]
ημεις δε οφειλομεν ευχαριστειν τω θεω παντοτε περι υμων αδελφοι ηγαπημενοι υπο κυριου οτι ειλατο υμας ο θεος απ αρχης εις σωτηριαν εν αγιασμω πνευματος και πιστει αληθειας [gnt]
… debemus … primitias … salutem … sanctificatione Spiritus … [v]
This is one verse used to support the idea of "
predestination" and/or "
prevenient grace".
The general words for
"Holy" "Spirit" are used as in
"sanctification" or
"holy" and
"Spirit".
"ἁγιασμός" ≈ "sanctification".
"πνεῦμα" ≈ "air, wind, breath, life, spirit, soul".
79. Debts owed
80. Debts and sins
Matthew 6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. [kjv]
και αφες ημιν τα οφειληματα ημων ως και ημεις αφηκαμεν τοις οφειλεταις ημων [gnt]
… debita … debitoribus … [v]
The word translated as
"debts" is, in some cases, changed to the less general "
sins" or "
trespasses" (false dilemma fallacy) by back-patching some of Luke (what people remembered) into Matthew (what Matthew recorded as it was being spoken) and then, for good measure, changing the other word to
"debts" too.
Luke 11:4 And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil. [kjv]
και αφες ημιν τας αμαρτιας ημων και γαρ αυτοι αφιομεν παντι οφειλοντι ημιν και μη εισενεγκης ημας εις πειρασμον [gnt]
… peccata … debenti … [v]
81. Matthew 6:12
KJV: And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
Greek: και αφες ημιν τα οφειληματα ημων ως και ημεις αφιεμεν αφηκαμεν τοις οφειλεταις ημων
Latin: et dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimisimus debitoribus nostris
82. Luke 11:4
KJV: And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil.
Greek: και αφες ημιν τας αμαρτιας ημων και γαρ αυτοι αφιεμεν αφιομεν παντι οφειλοντι ημιν και μη εισενεγκης ημας εις πειρασμον αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου
Latin: et dimitte nobis peccata nostra siquidem et ipsi dimittimus omni debenti nobis et ne nos inducas in temptationem
83. 2 Thessalonians 2:13 First fruits
2 Thessalonians 2:13 But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth: [kjv]
ημεις δε οφειλομεν ευχαριστειν τω θεω παντοτε περι υμων αδελφοι ηγαπημενοι υπο κυριου οτι ειλατο υμας ο θεος απ αρχης εις σωτηριαν εν αγιασμω πνευματος και πιστει αληθειας [gnt]
… debemus … primitias … salutem … sanctificatione Spiritus … [v]
There were no spaces in ancient Greek writing. And there was no lowercase letters. And no accents or diacritical marks in the
GNT or
LXX.
"απ αρχής" ≈ "from the beginning" as a phrase of two words by adding a space.
"απαρχής" ≈ "first fruits" and, literally "from the beginning".
The first new believers in a given area were often referred to as
"first fruits". The Thessalonians were new believers which was, in part, the reason for the second letter - to clarify some points.
84. James 1:18 First fruits
James 1:18 Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should be a kind of first fruits of his creatures. [kjv]
βουληθεις απεκυησεν ημας λογω αληθειας εις το ειναι ημας απαρχην τινα των αυτου κτισματων [gnt]
What are the "first fruits"? The "first fruits" are for God.
What are the "middle fruits"? The "middle fruits" are for us to use.
What are the "last fruits"? The "last fruits" are for those less fortunate - but they are not free, some work is required.
The ancient Greek word
"απαρχή" ≈ "from the beginning, origin" with a figurative meaning of "
threshold". It may be a reference to the Hebrew concept of "
first fruits".
The ancient Greek word "ἀπό" ≈ "from" with an idea of a separating distance.
The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning" .
85. 2 Thessalonians 2:13
KJV: But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth:
Greek: ημεις δε οφειλομεν ευχαριστειν τω θεω παντοτε περι υμων αδελφοι ηγαπημενοι υπο κυριου οτι ειλετο ειλατο υμας ο θεος απ αρχης εις σωτηριαν εν αγιασμω πνευματος και πιστει αληθειας
Latin: nos autem debemus gratias agere Deo semper pro vobis fratres dilecti a Deo quod elegerit nos Deus primitias in salutem in sanctificatione Spiritus et fide veritatis
86. 2 Thessalonians 2:14 Preserves
2 Thessalonians 2:14 Whereunto he called you by our gospel, to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. [kjv]
εις ο εκαλεσεν υμας δια του ευαγγελιου ημων εις περιποιησιν δοξης του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου [gnt]
… vocavit … evangelium … adquisitionem gloriae … [v]
The Greek for "
called" will, in a few verses, be "
beyond calling" which is the word for "
advocate" or "
Paraclete" as in the "
Holy Spirit". The
ancient Greek word
"περιποιέω" ≈ "preserve, save, procure, save money" and means, literally,
"around make" or
"around do". The
modern Greek word
"περιποίηση" (peh-ree-PEE-ee-see) ≈ "looking after, care, attention". The Greek for
"glory" is that of
"opinion".
KJV: ... in obtaining the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. (from the Latin)
Greek words: ... into the preserving the opinion of our Lord Jesus Christ. (from the Greek)
Are we to
"obtain" or
"preserve" (or both) the
"opinion" of our Lord Jesus Christ?
87. 2 Thessalonians 2:14
KJV: Whereunto he called you by our gospel, to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Greek: εις ο εκαλεσεν υμας δια του ευαγγελιου ημων εις περιποιησιν δοξης του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου
Latin: ad quod et vocavit vos per evangelium nostrum in adquisitionem gloriae Domini nostri Iesu Christi
88. Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians 2:14 Whereunto he called you by our gospel, to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. [kjv]
εις ο εκαλεσεν υμας δια του ευαγγελιου ημων εις περιποιησιν δοξης του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου [gnt]
… vocavit … evangelium … adquisitionem gloriae … [v]
Paul used the word
"περιποιέω" ≈ "preserve, save, procure, save money" in 1 Thessalonians.
1 Thessalonians 5:9 For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ, [kjv]
οτι ουκ εθετο ημας ο θεος εις οργην αλλα εις περιποιησιν σωτηριας δια του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου [gnt]
… posuit … in adquisitionem salutis … [v]
Which is a better translation? The Greek uses "
into" rather than "
to".
☐
... in obtaining salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ. (from the Latin)
☐
... into preserving salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ. (from the Greek)
Are we to
"obtain" or
"preserve" (or both) "
salvation"?
89. 1 Thessalonians 5:9
KJV: For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ,
Greek: οτι ουκ εθετο ημας ο θεος εις οργην αλλ αλλα εις περιποιησιν σωτηριας δια του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου
Latin: quoniam non posuit nos Deus in iram sed in adquisitionem salutis per Dominum nostrum Iesum Christum
90. 2 Thessalonians 2:15,2
2 Thessalonians 2:15 Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle. [kjv]
αρα ουν αδελφοι στηκετε και κρατειτε τας παραδοσεις ας εδιδαχθητε ειτε δια λογου ειτε δι επιστολης ημων [gnt]
Paul again uses a word having to do with
"standing" as
"stand fast".
Paul repeats the words for "
word" or "
reasoning" and "
epistle" or "
letter" (exact same word in Greek) from verse 2.
2:2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. [kjv]
εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μηδε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του κυριου [gnt]
91. 2 Thessalonians 2:15
KJV: Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle.
Greek: αρα ουν αδελφοι στηκετε και κρατειτε τας παραδοσεις ας εδιδαχθητε ειτε δια λογου ειτε δι επιστολης ημων
92. 2 Thessalonians 2:16 Spirit helper
2 Thessalonians 2:16 Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God, even our Father, which hath loved us, and hath given us everlasting consolation and good hope through grace, [kjv]
αυτος δε ο κυριος ημων ιησους χριστος και ο θεος ο πατηρ ημων ο αγαπησας ημας και δους παρακλησιν αιωνιαν και ελπιδα αγαθην εν χαριτι [gnt]
Paul mentions the "
Son" Christ, "
Father" God and, indirectly, the "
Spirit".
The ancient Greek word
"παρακληθήσονται" ≈ "comfort". This same word as
"παράκλητος" ≈ "advocate". is the
"comforter" or
"Holy Spirit". This is not the same as
"consolation" which is a different Greek word.
93. Philippians 2:1 Comfort of love
Philippians 2:1 If there be therefore any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any bowels and mercies, [kjv]
ει τις ουν παρακλησις εν χριστω ει τι παραμυθιον αγαπης ει τις κοινωνια πνευματος ει τις σπλαγχνα και οικτιρμοι [gnt]
si … consolatio … solacium … societas … viscera … miserationes [v]
Paul uses
both words in the same verse in Philippians 2:1.
"Consolation" in "Christ" as "Holy Spirit".
"Comfort" of "love" as "beyond a nice story".
94. Paraclete
The English theological term
"paraclete" comes from the ancient Greek word
"παράκλητος" ≈ "advocate" which comes from two Greek parts.
The ancient Greek word "παρά" ≈ "beyond", although some prefer the meaning of "beside" because of the influence of Euclid's definition of a parallel line as a line "beyond" another line in a plane such that the lines never touch.
The ancient Greek word "κλητός" ≈ "called one" where the calling can be thought of as an invitation.
The modern Greek word
"παράκλητος" (pa-RA-klee-tos) ≈ "comforter" as in the Holy Spirit. This definition comes from the use of the Greek word in the
GNT.
95. 2 Thessalonians 2:16
KJV: Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God, even our Father, which hath loved us, and hath given us everlasting consolation and good hope through grace,
Greek: αυτος δε ο κυριος ημων ιησους χριστος και ο θεος και ο πατηρ ημων ο αγαπησας ημας και δους παρακλησιν αιωνιαν και ελπιδα αγαθην εν χαριτι
96. 2 Thessalonians 2:17
2 Thessalonians 2:17 Comfort your hearts, and stablish you in every good word and work. [kjv]
παρακαλεσαι υμων τας καρδιας και στηριξαι εν παντι εργω και λογω αγαθω [gnt]
Paul again uses a word having to do with
"standing" as
"stand fast".
The ancient Greek word
"στηρίζω" ≈ "uphold, support, base".
Paul used this word twice in 1 Thessalonians.
97. 2 Thessalonians 2:17
KJV: Comfort your hearts, and stablish you in every good word and work.
Greek: παρακαλεσαι υμων τας καρδιας και στηριξαι υμας εν παντι λογω και εργω και λογω αγαθω
98. 1 Thessalonians 3:2,13
1 Thessalonians 3:2 And sent Timotheus, our brother, and minister of God, and our fellowlabourer in the gospel of Christ, to establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith: [kjv]
και επεμψαμεν τιμοθεον τον αδελφον ημων και διακονον του θεου εν τω ευαγγελιω του χριστου εις το στηριξαι υμας και παρακαλεσαι υπερ της πιστεως υμων [gnt]
… confirmandos … [v]
3:13 To the end he may stablish your hearts unblameable in holiness before God, even our Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ with all his saints. [kjv]
εις το στηριξαι υμων τας καρδιας αμεμπτους εν αγιωσυνη εμπροσθεν του θεου και πατρος ημων εν τη παρουσια του κυριου ημων ιησου μετα παντων των αγιων αυτου [gnt]
… confirmanda corda … ante … adventu … [v]
99. 1 Thessalonians 3:2
KJV: And sent Timotheus, our brother, and minister of God, and our fellowlabourer in the gospel of Christ, to establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith:
Greek: και επεμψαμεν τιμοθεον τον αδελφον ημων και διακονον του θεου και συνεργον ημων εν τω ευαγγελιω του χριστου εις το στηριξαι υμας και παρακαλεσαι υμας περι υπερ της πιστεως υμων
Latin: et misimus Timotheum fratrem nostrum et ministrum Dei in evangelio Christi ad confirmandos vos et exhortandos pro fide vestra
100. 1 Thessalonians 3:13
KJV: To the end he may stablish your hearts unblameable in holiness before God, even our Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ with all his saints.
Greek: εις το στηριξαι υμων τας καρδιας αμεμπτους εν αγιωσυνη εμπροσθεν του θεου και πατρος ημων εν τη παρουσια του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου μετα παντων των αγιων αυτου
Latin: ad confirmanda corda vestra sine querella in sanctitate ante Deum et Patrem nostrum in adventu Domini nostri Iesu cum omnibus sanctis eius amen
101. Standing
2 Thessalonians 2:2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. [kjv]
εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μηδε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του κυριου [gnt]
2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
2:15 Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle. [kjv]
αρα ουν αδελφοι στηκετε και κρατειτε τας παραδοσεις ας εδιδαχθητε ειτε δια λογου ειτε δι επιστολης ημων [gnt]
2:17 Comfort your hearts, and stablish you in every good word and work. [kjv]
παρακαλεσαι υμων τας καρδιας και στηριξαι εν παντι εργω και λογω αγαθω [gnt]
102. End of page
2 Thessalonians 2:2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. [kjv]
εις το μη ταχεως σαλευθηναι υμας απο του νοος μηδε θροεισθαι μητε δια πνευματος μητε δια λογου μητε δι επιστολης ως δι ημων ως οτι ενεστηκεν η ημερα του κυριου [gnt]
… moveamini … sensu … terreamini … spiritum … sermonem … epistulam … quasi instet … [v]
Mark 13:25 And the stars of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken. [kjv]
και οι αστερες εσονται εκ του ουρανου πιπτοντες και αι δυναμεις αι εν τοις ουρανοις σαλευθησονται [gnt]
… movebuntur [v]
Matthew 13:22 He also that received seed among the thorns is he that heareth the word; and the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, choke the word, and he becometh unfruitful. [kjv]
ο δε εις τας ακανθας σπαρεις ουτος εστιν ο τον λογον ακουων και η μεριμνα του αιωνος και η απατη του πλουτου συμπνιγει τον λογον και ακαρπος γινεται [gnt]
Mark 4:19 And the cares of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other things entering in, choke the word, and it becometh unfruitful. [kjv]
και αι μεριμναι του αιωνος και η απατη του πλουτου και αι περι τα λοιπα επιθυμιαι εισπορευομεναι συμπνιγουσιν τον λογον και ακαρπος γινεται [gnt]
Revelation 22:18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: [kjv]
μαρτυρω εγω παντι τω ακουοντι τους λογους της προφητειας του βιβλιου τουτου εαν τις επιθη επ αυτα επιθησει ο θεος επ αυτον τας πληγας τας γεγραμμενας εν τω βιβλιω τουτω [gnt]
9:11 And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon. [kjv]
εχουσιν επ αυτων βασιλεα τον αγγελον της αβυσσου ονομα αυτω εβραιστι αβαδδων και εν τη ελληνικη ονομα εχει απολλυων [gnt]
et habebant super se regem angelum abyssi cui nomen hebraice Abaddon graece autem Apollyon et latine habet nomen Exterminans [v]
Acts 11:4 But Peter rehearsed the matter from the beginning, and expounded it by order unto them, saying, [kjv]
αρξαμενος δε πετρος εξετιθετο αυτοις καθεξης λεγων [gnt]
… exponebat … ordinem … [v]
… erzählte … nacheinander … [lu]
2 Thessalonians 2:10 And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. [kjv]
και εν παση απατη αδικιας τοις απολλυμενοις ανθ ων την αγαπην της αληθειας ουκ εδεξαντο εις το σωθηναι αυτους [gnt]
… seductione iniquitatis … pereunt … [v]
2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; [kjv]
μη τις υμας εξαπατηση κατα μηδενα τροπον οτι εαν μη ελθη η αποστασια πρωτον και αποκαλυφθη ο ανθρωπος της ανομιας ο υιος της απωλειας [gnt]
… seducat … modo … discessio … revelatus … peccati filius perditionis [v]
2 Thessalonians 2:13 But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth: [kjv]
ημεις δε οφειλομεν ευχαριστειν τω θεω παντοτε περι υμων αδελφοι ηγαπημενοι υπο κυριου οτι ειλατο υμας ο θεος απ αρχης εις σωτηριαν εν αγιασμω πνευματος και πιστει αληθειας [gnt]
… debemus … primitias … salutem … sanctificatione Spiritus … [v]
Matthew 6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. [kjv]
και αφες ημιν τα οφειληματα ημων ως και ημεις αφηκαμεν τοις οφειλεταις ημων [gnt]
… debita … debitoribus … [v]
