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Matthew 13:44 Fifth kingdom parable: treasure in a field
1. Matthew 13:44 Fifth kingdom parable: treasure in a field
2. Matthew 13
3. Review: Matthew 13 Pearl of great price parable 6
Matthew 13:45 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, seeking goodly pearls: [kjv]
παλιν ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων εμπορω ζητουντι καλους μαργαριτας [gnt]
… margaritas [v]
13:46 Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it. [kjv]
ευρων δε ενα πολυτιμον μαργαριτην απελθων πεπρακεν παντα οσα ειχεν και ηγορασεν αυτον [gnt]
Why might a
"great one of the earth", as a business transaction,
"sell" everything, but not himself, to obtain
"one" pearl?
Are not "
many" pearls needed? That is, at least
two pearls, needed?
If everything is sold to buy
one pearl, which pearls are thus
not obtained?
Might the two most important laws identified by Jesus be
two "pearls". Both are needed. What happens if one obtains only
one of these
"pearls"?
4. Matthew 13:44 Fifth kingdom parable: treasure in a field
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
The fourth kingdom parable in Matthew 13, just
one verse, has treasure hidden in a field. What is the "
treasure"? Why is the "
treasure" hid
again? When does the "
sell" and "
buy" take place?
In the parables, the "
man" is "
Jesus as God". Is the "
kingdom of heaven" the same as the "
kingdom of God"?
How might these parable relate to John 3:16? Can we, in addition, make reference to the story of Ruth?
5. Strongs - treasure
- *G2343 *8 θησαυρίζω (thay-sow-rid'-zo) : from G2344 θησαυρός; to amass or reserve (literally or figuratively):--lay up (treasure), (keep) in store, (heap) treasure (together, up).
- θησαυριζετε *2
- Matthew 6:19 Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon ...
- Matthew 6:20 But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, ...
- θησαυριζων *2
- Luke 12:21 So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is not ...
- 1 Corinthians 16:2 ... lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him, that ...
- θησαυριζεις
- Romans 2:5 ... and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against ...
- θησαυριζειν
- 2 Corinthians 12:14 ... the children ought not to lay up for the parents, but the parents for the children.
- εθησαυρισατε
- James 5:3 ... flesh as it were fire. Ye have heaped treasure together for the last days.
- τεθησαυρισμενοι
- 2 Peter 3:7 ... the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against ...
- *G2344 *17 θησαυρός (thay-sow-ros') : from G5087; a deposit, i.e. wealth (literally or figuratively):--treasure.
- θησαυρον *5
- Matthew 19:21 ... to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and ...
- Mark 10:21 ... to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and ...
- Luke 12:33 ... which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, ...
- Luke 18:22 ... unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and ...
- 2 Corinthians 4:7 But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, ...
- θησαυρου *4
- Matthew 12:35 ... out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure ...
- Matthew 13:52 ... bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old.
- Luke 6:45 ... out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good; and an evil man out of the evil treasure of his heart ...
- θησαυρους *3
- Matthew 2:11 ... and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; ...
- Matthew 6:19 Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where ...
- Matthew 6:20 But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where ...
- θησαυρος *2
- Matthew 6:21 For where your treasure is, there will ...
- Luke 12:34 For where your treasure is, there will ...
- θησαυρω
- Matthew 13:44 ... of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; ...
- θησαυροι
- Colossians 2:3 ... are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
- θησαυρων
- Hebrews 11:26 ... of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for ...
 |
Words: εθησαυρισατε θησαυριζειν θησαυριζεις θησαυριζετε=2 θησαυριζων=2 θησαυροι θησαυρον=5 θησαυρος=2 θησαυρου=4 θησαυρους=3 θησαυρω θησαυρων τεθησαυρισμενοι
|
6. Usage - treasure
*G2343 *8 θησαυρίζω (thay-sow-rid'-zo) : from G2344 θησαυρός; to amass or reserve (literally or figuratively):--lay up (treasure), (keep) in store, (heap) treasure (together, up).
*G2344 *17 θησαυρός (thay-sow-ros') : from G5087; a deposit, i.e. wealth (literally or figuratively):--treasure.
The ancient Greek word
"θησαυρός" ≈ "treasure" and is the source, through Latin, of the English word
"thesaurus".
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
The modern Greek word
"θησαυρός" (thee-sav-ROS) ≈ "treasure, thesaurus, hoard".
7. Thesaurus
The ancient Greek word
"θησαυρός" ≈ "treasure" and is the source of the English word
"thesaurus" as a general dictionary - a meaning that has been around since ancient times. The word narrowed in meaning in 1852 with the introduction of a thesaurus by
Peter Roget who re-defined thesaurus as a "
collection of words arranged according to sense".
What happens if you swallow a dictionary?
For a spell, you will get the sorest (thesaurus) throat you ever have had. You will not be able to get a word in edgewise.
What do you say about a pony with a sore throat?
It's a little horse. You may be dying for more jokes, but let's not get the cart before the hearse.
8. John 2:21-22 Temple treasure vault
John 2:21 But he spake of the temple of his body. [kjv]
εκεινος δε ελεγεν περι του ναου του σωματος αυτου [gnt]
2:22 When therefore he was risen from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this unto them; and they believed the scripture, and the word which Jesus had said. [kjv]
The ancient Greek word for "
treasure" often referred to a vault or crypt used to store valuables along with the body of the deceased. It is not clear if the vault containing treasure became a name for the treasure itself.
How does a "
treasure" as a "
vault" relate to a "
temple"?
In the Bible context, it could be that the temple of the body houses the treasure talked about above. In John 2, the Jews are thinking about a physical temple. John clarifies of what Jesus is speaking. It appears that a "
treasure" can refer to a "
temple" as housed in a "
body".
9. Ancient cultures
In some cultures, such as ancient Egypt, Scythia, etc. ,rulers were buried with their possessions to use in the after-life. Sometimes these possessions included their wife or wives.
10. John 2:21
KJV: But he spake of the temple of his body.
Greek: εκεινος δε ελεγεν περι του ναου του σωματος αυτου
11. John 2:22
KJV: When therefore he was risen from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this unto them; and they believed the scripture, and the word which Jesus had said.
Greek: οτε ουν ηγερθη εκ νεκρων εμνησθησαν οι μαθηται αυτου οτι τουτο ελεγεν αυτοις και επιστευσαν τη γραφη και τω λογω ω ον ειπεν ο ιησους
12. Matthew 13:44
KJV: Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field.
Greek: παλιν ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και παντα πωλει οσα εχει πωλει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον
13. Parables and secret codes used and explained by Jesus
Jesus often uses
code words so that sayings have more than one meaning.
All the meanings can be true. The encoded (literal) form makes (some) sense and the decoded form makes sense. In general:
Noun words can be code words. Pronouns can be ambiguous.
Verb words are carefully chosen to work in both contexts.
By definition, in the security field, a
code word is a word that needs to be substituted with another word (e.g., using a
code book) to determine the meaning. By definition, in the security field, a
secret code is a code whose meaning is to be obscured to anyone without the code book.
So Jesus, by definition, uses
secret codes. However, these codes appear to provide only authentication information (and warnings about certain heresies) but no special salvation knowledge - which is always is clear text.
14. Matthew 13:24,27,37 Householder as Son of Man
Matthew 13:24 Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field: [kjv]
13:27 So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares? [kjv]
13:37 He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man; [kjv]
As noun code words, Jesus defines the
"man" is as the
"householder" as the
"Son of Man". In all the parables that refer to a "
householder", four other times with this word, only in Matthew, the
"householder" also appears to be
Jesus as God. Similar verses in Luke and Mark are translated as the
"goodman of the house" or
"master of the house".
Luke will often use the ancient Greek word
"οἰκονόμος" ≈ "manager of the house, steward"which is the source of the English word
"ecomonics" or, literally,
"laws of the house".
15. Matthew 13:38 Field is the world
Matthew 13:38 The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one; [kjv]
ο δε αγρος εστιν ο κοσμος το δε καλον σπερμα ουτοι εισιν οι υιοι της βασιλειας τα δε ζιζανια εισιν οι υιοι του πονηρου [gnt]
In explaining the code words for kingdom parable 2 (wheat and tares), Jesus says that the
"field" is the
"world".
The "field" is the "world" (people in the world). There is a different Greek word for end of the "ages" or end of the "world".
The "good seed" is the "wheat" are the "children of the kingdom".
The "tares" are planted by the "evil one" (among the "good seed") and are the "children of the wicked one" (evil as "oppression").
16. Matthew 13:38
KJV: The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one;
Greek: ο δε αγρος εστιν ο κοσμος το δε καλον σπερμα ουτοι εισιν οι υιοι της βασιλειας τα δε ζιζανια εισιν οι υιοι του πονηρου
17. Matthew 13:38 Field is the acre
18. Matthew 13:44 Field as the world
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
The
"field" is the "
world". Who owns the
"field"?
One should be "in the world" and not "of the world".
Are you in the world as a "caged bird"?
Have you made a "nest" in the "world"?
19. Matthew 4:8-10 Kingdoms of the world
Matthew 4:8 Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them; [kjv]
παλιν παραλαμβανει αυτον ο διαβολος εις ορος υψηλον λιαν και δεικνυσιν αυτω πασας τας βασιλειας του κοσμου και την δοξαν αυτων [gnt]
4:9 And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me. [kjv]
και ειπεν αυτω ταυτα σοι παντα δωσω εαν πεσων προσκυνησης μοι [gnt]
4:10 Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. [kjv]
Who is the power of this world (subject to God's approval)? The Greek word for "
temptation" is that of an examination using things one knows or believes to be true. Jesus does not contest the devil's. The devil quotes scripture "
out of context". Jesus quotes back scripture "
in context".
20. Matthew 4:8
KJV: Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them;
Greek: παλιν παραλαμβανει αυτον ο διαβολος εις ορος υψηλον λιαν και δεικνυσιν αυτω πασας τας βασιλειας του κοσμου και την δοξαν αυτων
21. Matthew 4:9
KJV: And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.
Greek: και λεγει ειπεν αυτω ταυτα παντα σοι παντα δωσω εαν πεσων προσκυνησης μοι
22. Matthew 4:10
KJV: Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.
Greek: τοτε λεγει αυτω ο ιησους υπαγε σατανα γεγραπται γαρ κυριον τον θεον σου προσκυνησεις και αυτω μονω λατρευσεις
23. Matthew 13:44 Hidden in a field
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
*G2928 *18 κρύπτω (kroop'-to) : a primary verb; to conceal (properly, by covering):--hide (self), keep secret, secret(-ly).
The "
treasure" is
"hidden", found, and then
"hidden" again before the selling and buying. The ancient Greek word
"κρυπτός" ≈ "hidden, secret" and is from the ancient Greek word
"κρύπτω" ≈ "hide, cover" and is the source of the English word
"cryptography".
In kingdom parable 4, the woman hides or encrypts leaven (false doctrine) into meal (true doctrine).
24. Revelation 1:1 Revealing an uncovering revelation
Revelation 1:1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John: [kjv]
αποκαλυψις ιησου χριστου ην εδωκεν αυτω ο θεος δειξαι τοις δουλοις αυτου α δει γενεσθαι εν ταχει και εσημανεν αποστειλας δια του αγγελου αυτου τω δουλω αυτου ιωαννη [gnt]
The Greek word for "
hide" is part of the Greek word for
"Revelation" which means
"uncovering" or
"revealing" as in a
"revelation" (the Latin word). The name of the book of Revelation comes from the Greek word for
"uncovering". That ancient Greek word
"ἀποκάλυψις" ≈ "disclose, reveal" and comes from two Greek words.
The ancient Greek word "ἀπο" ≈ "away from" which has the idea of separation from.
The ancient Greek word "καλύπτω" ≈ "cover" which appears to be related or have influenced the meaning of the ancient Greek word "κρύπτω" ≈ "hide" as in the English words "cryptic" and "cryptographic".
25. Strongs - hide
- *G2928 *18 κρύπτω (kroop'-to) : a primary verb; to conceal (properly, by covering):--hide (self), keep secret, secret(-ly).
- εκρυβη *4
- Luke 19:42 ... peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes.
- John 8:59 ... him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of ...
- John 12:36 ... Jesus, and departed, and did hide himself from them.
- Hebrews 11:23 By faith Moses, when he was born, was hid three months of his ...
- εκρυψεν *3
- Matthew 13:44 ... like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for ...
- Matthew 25:18 But he that had received one went and digged in ...
- Luke 13:21 It is like leaven, which a woman took ...
- κρυβηναι *2
- Matthew 5:14 ... on an hill cannot be hid.
- 1 Timothy 5:25 ... otherwise can not be hid.
- εκρυψας
- Matthew 11:25 At that time Jesus answered and said, ...
- κεκρυμμενα
- Matthew 13:35 ... in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world.
- κεκρυμμενω
- Matthew 13:44 ... like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for ...
- εκρυψα
- Matthew 25:25 And I was afraid, and went and hid thy talent in ...
- κεκρυμμενον
- Luke 18:34 ... this saying was hid from them, neither ...
- κεκρυμμενος
- John 19:38 ... a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, ...
- κεκρυπται
- Colossians 3:3 ... and your life is hid with Christ in God.
- κεκρυμμενου
- Revelation 2:17 ... to eat of the hidden manna, and will give ...
- εκρυψαν
- Revelation 6:15 ... and every free man, hid themselves in the dens ...
- κρυψατε
- Revelation 6:16 ... on us, and hide us from the face ...
26. Usage - hide
*G2928 *18 κρύπτω (kroop'-to) : a primary verb; to conceal (properly, by covering):--hide (self), keep secret, secret(-ly).
 |
Words: εκρυβη=4 εκρυψα εκρυψαν εκρυψας εκρυψεν=3 κεκρυμμενα κεκρυμμενον κεκρυμμενος κεκρυμμενου κεκρυμμενω κεκρυπται κρυβηναι=2 κρυψατε
|
27. Matthew 13:44 Favor for a treasure
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
The man (Jesus) is doing a
"favor" or
"grace" when he "
selleth all" to "
buyeth that field". For whom is the favor being done?
The ancient Greek word
"χαρά" ≈ "favor, grace" was the word used to translate the Hebrew word. Following Jesus is not all
"joy".
28. A joyous thank you for the grace of a gaudy favor
The Greek word often translated as "
joy" can be mistaken as meaning "
merry" or "
great happiness" or "
bliss". The word "
joy" comes, through French, from the Latin
"gaudia" ≈ "joy" and which became
"gaudy".
The ancient Greek word
"χαρά" ≈ "favor, grace" was the word used to translate the Hebrew word. Following Jesus is not all "
joy" in the modern English sense of the word.
Philippians 1:29 For unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake; [kjv]
At the time, the meaning of "
suffer" was to "
passively endure". So much of this endurance was painful persecution that the word took on the meaning it has today. Another Greek word meant "
suffer" as in "
to allow".
29. Grace and favor
Genesis 6:8 But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. [kjv]
… חן … [he]
νωε δε ευρεν χαριν εναντιον κυριου του θεου [lxx]
But Noe found grace before the Lord God. [bs3]
 |
The Hebrew word "חן" (chen) ≈ "favor". Noah did not find "joy" in the eyes of the Lord. Noah received a "favor" or "grace" or "joy" from God. Christians received a "favor" or "grace" or "joy" from Christ.
|
The ancient Greek word
"χάρη" ≈ "favor, grace" was the word used to translate the Hebrew word
"חן" (chen) ≈ "favor". That Greek word had an associated meaning that
could be misinterpreted as English "
joy" as in "
bliss".
Philippians 2:2 Fulfil ye my joy, that ye be like minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind. [kjv]
πληρωσατε μου την χαραν ινα το αυτο φρονητε την αυτην αγαπην εχοντες συμψυχοι το εν φρονουντες [gnt]
Paul:
I did a favor for you. Do a favor for me. Be like-minded, ...
30. Matthew 13:44 Sell out
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"πωλέω" ≈ "sell" as in "
levy taxes",
"sell an office" or "
betray". This word often has negative connotations.
The Greek for
"selleth" is that of
"selling out" or
"selling oneself". Often this is done for money as in a bribe. One can
"sell oneself" to obtain something for someone else as a "
sacrifice".
Sell out others to help yourself (sparrows).
Sell out yourself to help others (Jesus).
31. Matthew 10:29 Sell out
Matthew 10:29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father. [kjv]
ουχι δυο στρουθια ασσαριου πωλειται και εν εξ αυτων ου πεσειται επι την γην ανευ του πατρος υμων [gnt]
What is the difference in the following? (assarion ≈ 10 denarius)
"Are not two birds sold for an assarion [song].".
"Are not two birds bought for an assarion [song].".
*G4453 *22 πωλέω (po-leh'-o) : probably ultimately from pelomai (to be busy, to trade); to barter (as a pedlar), i.e. to sell:--sell, whatever is sold.
The ancient Greek word
"πωλέω" ≈ "sell" as in "
levy taxes",
"sell an office" or
"betray". This word often has negative connotations as sometimes does the English phrase
"sell out". A marketing phrase is from the Latin phrase
"caveat emptor" ≈ "let the buyer beware".
32. Review: Matthew 13 Treasure in a field parable 5
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
John 3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. [kjv]
| Code words |
| meaning |
spoken |
| righteous |
treasure |
| world |
field |
| Jesus |
man |
One decoding of the parable of the treasure hid in a field appears to be as a statement of John 3:16. Another is that of Boaz, as a type of Christ, finding Ruth, as a type of the bride of Christ, and Naoma as a type of the Holy Spirit, in the book of Ruth.
33. John 3:16
KJV: For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
Greek: ουτως γαρ ηγαπησεν ο θεος τον κοσμον ωστε τον υιον αυτου τον μονογενη εδωκεν ινα πας ο πιστευων εις αυτον μη αποληται αλλ αλλα εχη ζωην αιωνιον
34. Song: For God so loved the world
John 3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. [kjv]
Matthew 6:10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. [kjv]
The hymn "
For God so loved the world" was written in 1938 by Frances Townsend and based on John 3:16 and verses about Jesus coming back again. The music is by Alfred Smith (1916-2001).
35. Verse 1
For God so loved the world
He gave His only Son
To die on Calvary’s tree,
From sin to set me free:
Some day He’s coming back,
What glory that will be!
Wonderful His love to me.
36. John 3:16-17 Both verses
John 3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. [kjv]
ουτως γαρ ηγαπησεν ο θεος τον κοσμον ωστε τον υιον τον μονογενη εδωκεν ινα πας ο πιστευων εις αυτον μη αποληται αλλα εχη ζωην αιωνιον [gnt]
3:17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. [kjv]
ου γαρ απεστειλεν ο θεος τον υιον εις τον κοσμον ινα κρινη τον κοσμον αλλ ινα σωθη ο κοσμος δι αυτου [gnt]
The first verse provides a chance to not perish, requiring "
belief".
The second verse provides a more complete meaning. The word for "
condemn" is the Greek word for "
dividing" as in the division of the "
sheep" and the "
goats". This word is often translated as the word "
judge" that has multiple meanings in both English and Greek. The Greek word for "
judge" as "
division" is related to the Greek word for "
barley".
37. John 3:17
KJV: For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.
Greek: ου γαρ απεστειλεν ο θεος τον υιον αυτου εις τον κοσμον ινα κρινη τον κοσμον αλλ ινα σωθη ο κοσμος δι αυτου
38. Summary table of sheep and goats
Here is the summarized table of conditions for the sheep and goats in Matthew 25 using a one-letter abbreviation for each. How many groupings?
| h |
hungry |
gave me food |
| t |
thirsty |
gave me drink |
| s |
stranger/guest |
took me in |
| n |
naked |
clothed me |
| w |
sick/weak |
examined me |
| p |
prison/confined |
come/go to me |
|
For each condition, the meaning can be one (or all) of the following.
☐ Literal meaning
☐ Figurative meaning (as in Jesus using "sleeping" for "has died" in describing the condition of Lazarus)
☐ Something else
|
Do churches ever "
misinterpret" what Jesus is saying? Some who thought they were doing the right thing were "
surprised". Some who did not do those things were "
surprised" that they had done the right thing.
39. Matthew 25:40,45 Least of these
Matthew 25:40 And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. [kjv]
και αποκριθεις ο βασιλευς ερει αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν εφ οσον εποιησατε ενι τουτων των αδελφων μου των ελαχιστων εμοι εποιησατε [gnt]
… minimis … fecistis [v]
25:45 Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. [kjv]
τοτε αποκριθησεται αυτοις λεγων αμην λεγω υμιν εφ οσον ουκ εποιησατε ενι τουτων των ελαχιστων ουδε εμοι εποιησατε [gnt]
… minoribus … [v]
Integers have
different values, one being greater or less than another. At the
semantic type level, all integers are considered
the same.
There is no
unique "least" value at the semantic type level - they all have the same semantic type value. So all integers can be compared by integer value but all integers are the same by type value. The general idea is that of a mathematical equivalence relation.
40. Review of misinterpretations
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
… blessid… sclaundrid … [wy]
… happy … offended … [ty]
| blind |
look up |
| lame |
walk |
| lepers |
cleansed |
| deaf |
hear |
| dead |
woken up |
| poor |
gospel preached |
|
Having discovered a deeper meaning to Matthew 11:5, how might someone "misinterpret" what Jesus has said?
What should the church be doing?
What should believers be doing?
|
Discuss: Do churches or believers ever get "
ensnared" or "
misinterpret" in helping the poor, the blind, those without clothes, in prison, etc., and lose sight of the real purpose of Jesus? Many of those words used by Jesus have double meanings.
How many are like those picked by Gideon?
41. Matthew 11:5-6 Bottom-up forward-chaining
Message of Jesus to John the Baptist (in physical prison):
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
| Six noun‑verb pairs decoded |
| 6. |
poor=fallen, beggars |
start |
gospel=good news preached |
|
| 5. |
dead=asleep |
then |
raised=wake up you deadhead |
| 4. |
deaf=not listening |
then |
hear=listen and understand |
repent |
| 3. |
lepers=sinners |
then |
cleansed=be born again, cleansed in the blood |
Ask |
| 2. |
lame=passive |
then |
walk=active start walking in righteousness |
Seek |
| 1. |
blind=not seeing |
then |
sight=look up/ahead and see God & others |
Knock |
The
top-down verses (in English) may be more understandable as a
bottom-up progression (as events unfold in time) using the Greek meanings of the words. Approaches to change: (
stop,
repent, be
cleansed and
walk).
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
… blessid… sclaundrid … [wy]
… happy … offended … [ty]
42. Matthew 11:5-6 Diagram
The ways that six items can be ordered is 6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 =
720 ways. Of these six items in Matthew 11:6, only two sequences fit - forward or backwards. Is this a coincidence?
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
43. Probability
The ways that six items can be ordered is 6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 =
720 ways. Of these six items in Matthew 11:6, only two sequences fit - forward or backwards. Is this a coincidence?
44. Matthew 13:44 Buy
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
The "
sell" appears to be on the cross. The "
field" is the world. Who owns the "
field"?
Do you own your land or do you rent it, via taxes, from the government?
The ancient Greek word
"αγοράζω" ≈ "buy, purchase" and is related to the ancient Greek word
"ἀγορά" ≈ "assembly, speech, marketplace". The Greek marketplace is the source of the English word
"agora".
Exactly when does the
"buy" happen? When you
"buy" a house, the deal is not complete until the "
closing".
45. Revelation 5:4,6-7 Closing costs
Revelation 5:4 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon. [kjv]
και εγω εκλαιον πολυ οτι ουδεις αξιος ευρεθη ανοιξαι το βιβλιον ουτε βλεπειν αυτο [gnt]
5:6 … stood a Lamb as it had been slain, … [kjv]
και ειδον εν μεσω του θρονου και των τεσσαρων ζωων και εν μεσω των πρεσβυτερων αρνιον εστηκος ως εσφαγμενον εχων κερατα επτα και οφθαλμους επτα οι εισιν τα επτα πνευματα του θεου απεσταλμενοι εις πασαν την γην [gnt]
5:7 And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon the throne. [kjv]
και ηλθεν και ειληφεν εκ της δεξιας του καθημενου επι του θρονου [gnt]
What exactly was "
purchased" on the cross?
In Revelation, the "
lamb as it had been slain" shows up to "
close" the "
deal" on what had been "
bought" and "
paid for".
The word
"book" is not in verse 7. The "
it" in verse 7 is inferred from verse 4 to be "
book".
46. Revelation 5:4
KJV: And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon.
Greek: και εγω εκλαιον πολλα πολυ οτι ουδεις αξιος ευρεθη ανοιξαι και αναγνωναι το βιβλιον ουτε βλεπειν αυτο
47. Revelation 5:6
KJV: And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth.
Greek: και ειδον και ιδου εν μεσω του θρονου και των τεσσαρων ζωων και εν μεσω των πρεσβυτερων αρνιον εστηκος ως εσφαγμενον εχον εχων κερατα επτα και οφθαλμους επτα οι εισιν τα επτα πνευματα του θεου πνευματα τα απεσταλμενα απεσταλμενοι εις πασαν την γην
48. Revelation 5:7
KJV: And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon the throne.
Greek: και ηλθεν και ειληφεν το βιβλιον εκ της δεξιας του καθημενου επι του θρονου
49. John and Matthew Paid in full
John 19:28 After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst. [kjv]
μετα τουτο ειδως ο ιησους οτι ηδη παντα τετελεσται ινα τελειωθη η γραφη λεγει διψω [gnt]
19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost. [kjv]
οτε ουν ελαβεν το οξος ο ιησους ειπεν τετελεσται και κλινας την κεφαλην παρεδωκεν το πνευμα [gnt]
What exactly was
"purchased" on the cross? The ancient Greek word
"τετέλεσται" ≈ "completed, paid in full".
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
The entire "
field" or "
world" is
"purchased" by
"Jesus" to obtain the "
treasure".
50. John 19:28
KJV: After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
Greek: μετα τουτο ειδως ο ιησους οτι παντα ηδη παντα τετελεσται ινα τελειωθη η γραφη λεγει διψω
51. John 19:30
KJV: When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
Greek: οτε ουν ελαβεν το οξος ο ιησους ειπεν τετελεσται και κλινας την κεφαλην παρεδωκεν το πνευμα
52. Sequence of events
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
Here is the background.
There exists a "treasure" that, for some reason, is "hid" in a "field". From parable 2, Jesus says the "field" is the "world".
From parable 2, the "man" is "Jesus as God" as in the "son of man".
Here is the somewhat
puzzling sequence of events in the middle.
The "man" "finds" the "treasure" that is "hid".
The "man" "re-hides" the "treasure".
After this the following happens.
The "man", as a "favor", goes and "sells" all to "buy" that "field".
There may be more than one explanation for the puzzling sequence in the middle.
53. Sequence of events
Matthew 13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
Here is the somewhat
puzzling sequence of events in the middle.
The "man" "finds" the "treasure" that is "hid".
The "man" "re-hides" the "treasure".
There may be more than one explanation (interpretation) for the sequence in the middle.
54. Historical interpretation of church history
| Interpretations |
| ☐ Literal |
☐ Christian living |
| ☐ Figurative |
☐ Heresies over time |
| ☐ Historical |
☐ Prophetic details |
[spread spectrum communication]
[self-similar like fractals]
[linear combinations]
|
Note that the time of Roman persecutions was that of the universal church as a collection of small "mustard seeds" while the time of Roman acceptance was that of the universal church as "tree with birds making a home in the branches".
|
55. Interpretations and models
Precisely defining models can confuse some people.
Definition: An
interpretation of a
first order language L consists of the following.
a. A non-empty set D, called the domain of the
interpretation.
b. For each constant in L, the assignment of an element in D.
c. For each n-ary function in L, the assignment of a mapping form D
n to D.
d. For each n-ary predicate in L, the assignment of a mapping from D
n into { true , false } (or, equivalently, a relation in D
n).
[Aristotle quote]
56. Interpretations and models
Definition: Let I be an
interpretation of a
first order language L and let F be a closed formula of L. Then I is a
model for F if the truth value of F with respect to I is true.
Definition: Let T be a
first order theory and let L be the
language of T. A
model for T is an
interpretation for L which is a
model for each axiom of T.
Some precise ways of dealing with symbols, languages, interpretations, models, etc., can be found in the field of logic programming. The above definitions are on pages 12-13 of: Lloyd, J. (1984).
Foundations of logic programming. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. This book (about 125 pages) was used in a graduate computer science course in logic programming that I took years ago.
57. Martin Luther
Some parables with historical interpretations have interesting meanings. The parable of the
hidden treasure found and
re-hid in the
field takes place during and after the
Reformation where John 3:16-17, etc., became important.
Martin Luther had been
hidden as a trained professor in the Bible in an Abby of the Catholic Church for many years in what is now Germany. When
found by the world, his comments sparked the Reformation. Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, wanted to protect Martin Luther by
hiding him. He had his people
hide him in one of his castles without telling him where. When asked, he could
truthfully say he did not know where Luther was.
This is an interesting but minor connection. Martin Luther did re-appear and had an impact on events going forward (Luther Bible, Lutheran Church, etc.).
58. Matthew 13:34-35
59. Matthew 13:35,44
Matthew 13:35 … I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world. [kjv]
οπως πληρωθη το ρηθεν δια του προφητου λεγοντος ανοιξω εν παραβολαις το στομα μου ερευξομαι κεκρυμμενα απο καταβολης [gnt]
13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
ομοια εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων θησαυρω κεκρυμμενω εν τω αγρω ον ευρων ανθρωπος εκρυψεν και απο της χαρας αυτου υπαγει και πωλει οσα εχει και αγοραζει τον αγρον εκεινον [gnt]
The things
"secret" or
"hidden" (same word in Greek) have been "
found" by Jesus in the
"field" or
"world" and
"hid" again.
The "
field" is the "
world".
60. Matthew 13:34
KJV: All these things spake Jesus unto the multitude in parables; and without a parable spake he not unto them:
Greek: ταυτα παντα ελαλησεν ο ιησους εν παραβολαις τοις οχλοις και χωρις παραβολης ουκ ουδεν ελαλει αυτοις
61. Matthew 13:35
KJV: That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world.
Greek: οπως πληρωθη το ρηθεν δια του προφητου λεγοντος ανοιξω εν παραβολαις το στομα μου ερευξομαι κεκρυμμενα απο καταβολης κοσμου
62. Righteous living and dead
One meaning or interpretation from John 3:16-17 is as follows.
This meaning builds on the idea of time and space in past, present and future. This can be described as the "
quick" or "
living" (in the present and future) and the "
dead" (in the past).
The things "secret" or "hidden" have been "found" by Jesus as the "righteous ones" from the past.
Those "righteous ones" in the present and into the future are now made "secret" or "hidden" again.
Sometimes the best hiding place is in plain sight. Edgar Allen Poe (and others).
As for parables, the field of
steganography hides messages in plain sight.
63. 1 Samuel 16:7 Righteous living and dead
1 Samuel 16:7 … for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. [kjv]
και ειπεν κυριος προς σαμουηλ μη επιβλεψης επι την οψιν αυτου μηδε εις την εξιν μεγεθους αυτου οτι εξουδενωκα αυτον οτι ουχ ως εμβλεψεται ανθρωπος οψεται ο θεος οτι ανθρωπος οψεται εις προσωπον ο δε θεος οψεται εις καρδιαν [lxx]
That is, the finding and hiding is only in the eyes of Jesus and others do not see this. Man sees the outward
"appearance" or, in the
LXX (Septuagint), the
"face" (that is put on).
From the perspective of others, it is as if those "
treasures" have always been, are now, and always will be "
hidden" (from men) until the end of the age. We will rediscover and return to both of these ideas in parable 8 - the "
hidden" kingdom parable because it is not described using that word but fits all the other requirements of a kingdom parable.
[glory]
64. 1 Samuel 16:7
KJV: But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.
Hebrew: ויאמר יהוה אל שמואל אל תבט אל מראהו ואל גבה קומתו כי מאסתיהו כי לא אשר יראה האדם כי האדם יראה לעינים ויהוה יראה ללבב׃
Greek: και ειπεν κυριος προς σαμουηλ μη επιβλεψης επι την οψιν αυτου μηδε εις την εξιν μεγεθους αυτου οτι εξουδενωκα αυτον οτι ουχ ως εμβλεψεται ανθρωπος οψεται ο θεος οτι ανθρωπος οψεται εις προσωπον ο δε θεος οψεται εις καρδιαν
Brenton: But the Lord said to Samuel, Look not on his appearance, nor on his stature, for I have rejected him; for God sees not as man looks; for man looks at the outward appearance, but God looks at the heart.
65. Truth and parables
Matthew 13:35 That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world. [kjv]
13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. [kjv]
The
8 verses between these verses can obscure the connection between them.
| Code words |
| meaning |
spoken |
| righteous |
treasure |
| world |
field |
| Jesus |
man |
66. EBNF in EBNF
Here is the same grammar in textual form.
Syntax = { Production } .
Production = "Variable" "=" Expression "." .
Expression = Term { "|" Term } .
Term = Factor { Factor } .
Factor = "Terminal" | "Variable" | "[" Expression "]" | "{" Expression "}" | "(" Expression ")" .
67. BNF textual grammar
68. Matthew 13:35
Matthew 13:35 That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world. [kjv]
οπως πληρωθη το ρηθεν δια του προφητου λεγοντος ανοιξω εν παραβολαις το στομα μου ερευξομαι κεκρυμμενα απο καταβολης [gnt]
The things
"secret" or
"hidden" (same word in Greek) have been "
found" by Jesus in the "
field" or "
world" as the "
old" decoded (but hidden) truths.
These same things are now made
"secret" or
"hidden" (same word in Greek )
again in the "
new" encoded form of the
spoken parables.
69. Matthew 13:51-53 Eighth kingdom parable: treasure of new and old codes
Jesus speaks
7/8 Kingdom Parables in Matthew 13 and explains/decodes
3 of the
7/8.
Matthew 13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. [kjv]
13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. [kjv]
13:53 And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed thence. [kjv]
What exactly is the
"treasure" and what are the
"new" and
"old" things that a
"scribe" or "
householder" brings out of that "
treasure"?
70. End of page
Matthew 13:38 The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one; [kjv]
ο δε αγρος εστιν ο κοσμος το δε καλον σπερμα ουτοι εισιν οι υιοι της βασιλειας τα δε ζιζανια εισιν οι υιοι του πονηρου [gnt]
ager … semen … zizania … [v]
… aker … saed … coccel … [wes]
Matthew 13:34 All these things spake Jesus unto the multitude in parables; and without a parable spake he not unto them: [kjv]
13:35 That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world. [kjv]
οπως πληρωθη το ρηθεν δια του προφητου λεγοντος ανοιξω εν παραβολαις το στομα μου ερευξομαι κεκρυμμενα απο καταβολης [gnt]
