- *G1966 *5 ἐπιούσα (ep-ee-oo'-sah) : feminine singular participle of a comparative of G1909 and heimi (to go); supervening, i.e. (2250 or G3571 being expressed or implied) the ensuing day or night:--following, next.
- επιουση *5
- Acts 7:26 And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, ...
- Acts 16:11 ... to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis;
- Acts 20:15 And we sailed thence, and came the next day over against Chios; and ...
- Acts 21:18 And the day following Paul went in with ...
- Acts 23:11 And the night following the Lord stood by him, ...
31. Acts 7:26
Acts 7:26 And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another? [kjv]
τη τε επιουση ημερα ωφθη αυτοις μαχομενοις και συνηλλασσεν αυτους εις ειρηνην ειπων ανδρες αδελφοι εστε ινα τι αδικειτε αλληλους [gnt]
32. Acts 7:26
KJV: And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?
Greek: τη τε επιουση ημερα ωφθη αυτοις μαχομενοις και συνηλασεν συνηλλασσεν αυτους εις ειρηνην ειπων ανδρες αδελφοι εστε υμεις ινα τι αδικειτε αλληλους
33. Acts 16:11
Acts 16:11 Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis; [kjv]
αναχθεντες ουν απο τρωαδος ευθυδρομησαμεν εις σαμοθρακην τη δε επιουση εις νεαν πολιν [gnt]
34. Acts 16:11
KJV: Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis;
Greek: αναχθεντες ουν απο της τρωαδος ευθυδρομησαμεν εις σαμοθρακην τη τε δε επιουση εις νεαπολιν νεαν πολιν
35. Acts 20:15
Acts 20:15 And we sailed thence, and came the next day over against Chios; and the next day we arrived at Samos, and tarried at Trogyllium; and the next day we came to Miletus. [kjv]
κακειθεν αποπλευσαντες τη επιουση κατηντησαμεν αντικρυς χιου τη δε ετερα παρεβαλομεν εις σαμον τη δε εχομενη ηλθομεν εις μιλητον [gnt]
36. Acts 20:15
KJV: And we sailed thence, and came the next day over against Chios; and the next day we arrived at Samos, and tarried at Trogyllium; and the next day we came to Miletus.
Greek: κακειθεν αποπλευσαντες τη επιουση κατηντησαμεν αντικρυ αντικρυς χιου τη δε ετερα παρεβαλομεν εις σαμον και μειναντες εν τρωγυλλιω τη δε εχομενη ηλθομεν εις μιλητον
37. Acts 21:18
Acts 21:18 And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the elders were present. [kjv]
τη δε επιουση εισηει ο παυλος συν ημιν προς ιακωβον παντες τε παρεγενοντο οι πρεσβυτεροι [gnt]
38. Acts 21:18
KJV: And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the elders were present.
Greek: τη δε επιουση εισηει ο παυλος συν ημιν προς ιακωβον παντες τε παρεγενοντο οι πρεσβυτεροι
39. Acts 23:11
Acts 23:11 And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome. [kjv]
τη δε επιουση νυκτι επιστας αυτω ο κυριος ειπεν θαρσει ως γαρ διεμαρτυρω τα περι εμου εις ιερουσαλημ ουτως σε δει και εις ρωμην μαρτυρησαι [gnt]
The Greek is that of the
"night" of the
"next day".
40. Acts 23:11
KJV: And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.
Greek: τη δε επιουση νυκτι επιστας αυτω ο κυριος ειπεν θαρσει παυλε ως γαρ διεμαρτυρω τα περι εμου εις ιερουσαλημ ουτως σε δει και εις ρωμην μαρτυρησαι
41. Proverbs 3:28
Proverbs 3:28 Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee. [kjv]
μη ειπης επανελθων επανηκε και αυριον δωσω δυνατου σου οντος ευ ποιειν ου γαρ οιδας τι τεξεται η επιουσα [lxx]
42. Proverbs 3:28
KJV: Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee.
Hebrew: אל תאמר לרעיך לך ושוב ומחר אתן ויש אתך׃
Greek: μη ειπης επανελθων επανηκε και αυριον δωσω δυνατου σου οντος ευ ποιειν ου γαρ οιδας τι τεξεται η επιουσα
43. Proverbs 27:1
Proverbs 27:1 Boast not thyself of to morrow; for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth. [kjv]
μη καυχω τα εις αυριον ου γαρ γινωσκεις τι τεξεται η επιουσα [lxx]
44. Proverbs 27:1
KJV: Boast not thyself of to morrow; for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth.
Hebrew: אל תתהלל ביום מחר כי לא תדע מה ילד יום׃
Greek: μη καυχω τα εις αυριον ου γαρ γινωσκεις τι τεξεται η επιουσα
45. Matthew 6:11 Daily bread
Matthew 6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. [kjv]
τον αρτον ημων τον επιουσιον δος ημιν σημερον [gnt]
panem nostrum supersubstantialem … hodie [v]
Here is the English using the Greek word order. The word
"bread" appears only
once in the Greek and is
inferred the second time.
Greek as agreed: The bread of ours the today (bread) give us today.
Greek not understood: The bread of ours the tomorrow (bread) give us today.
How can we ask to have
"tomorrow's" "bread" "today"? Does that even make sense? The early church fathers did not think it made sense. So they decided to change
"tomorrow" to
"today". A few associated it with (the verse before that says) "
thy kingdom come" (at some time in the future).
46. GNU
GNU (GNU is Not Unix) is a platform for Unix/Linux tools such as the C or C++ compilers used in some beginning programming courses. The C compiler often used in an introductory programming course is
gcc which stands for
GNU C Compiler.
GNU is a
recursively defined acronym (of
infinite regress) where the following holds, using parentheses to show the expansion.
GNU =
(GNU is Not Unix) =
((GNU is Not Unix) is Not Unix) =
(((GNU is Not Unix) is Not Unix) is Not Unix) =
...
Some see this as cute without any useful meaning. The general approach here is that of a
string rewriting system (e.g., text formatter).
47. ASK
The model that can be used is that of
ASK (ASK Seek Knock) from the verses in Matthew and Luke.
ASK is a
recursively defined acronym (of
infinite regress) where the following holds, using parentheses to show the expansion.
ASK =
(ASK Seek Knock) =
((ASK Seek Knock) Seek Knock) =
(((ASK Seek Knock) Seek Knock) Seek Knock) =
...
Some see this as cute without any useful meaning. The general approach here is that of a
string rewriting system (e.g., text formatter).
As one continues, one should be continually seeking His righteousness and knocking (in the Kingdom of Heaven) to see if others want to start the same path, until the final knock to the Kingdom of God.
48. Zeno's paradox
In ancient times, Aristotle relates how Zeno's proof that "
motion is impossible", called Zeno's paradox, is flawed since it can easily be demonstrated incorrect by moving.
When Greek philosopher
"Διογένης Λαέρτιος," ≈ "Diogenes Laertius" heard the claim, he got up and walked away to demonstrate that the claim was invalid. [math class and limits]
It took over 2,000 years, with the discovery and use of calculus, to be able to actually prove that what Zeno claimed to proved was not valid.
English: For it is possible for a man to show that a false conclusion has been reached without showing on what point it turns, as, for instance, in Zeno's argument that motion is impossible. (Loeb #400, p. 123)
Greek: ἐγχωρεῖ γὰρ ὅτι μὲν ψεῦδος συλλελόγισται δεῖξαί τινα, παρ´ ὃ δὲ μὴ δεῖξαι, οἷον τὸν Ζήνωνος λόγον, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι κινηθῆναι. [179b]
49. Aristotle and babbling
In chapter 13 of Aristotle's
Sophistic Refutations, Aristotle talks of making people "
babbling" through logical arguments. What Aristotle says here does not appear to be fully understood by those translating but is in line with text formatting, string rewriting systems, self-reference,
infinite regress, etc.
50. Aristotle: Sophistic Refutations
English: … Next, as to making people babble, we have already said what we mean by this term. Arguments of the following kind all have this end in view; If it makes no difference whether one uses the term or the definition of it, and "double" and "double of half" are the same thing, then if "double" is "double of half", it will be "double of double of half"; and if "double of half" be substituted again for "double", there will be a triple repetition, "double of half of half of half". Again, is not "desire" "desire of pleasure"? Now "desire is an appetite for pleasure": therefore "desire is an appetite for pleasure of pleasure". (Loeb#100, p. 75)
Greek: … Περὶ δὲ τοῦ ποιῆσαι ἀδολεσχεῖν, ὃ μὲν λέγομεν τὸ ἀδολεσχεῖν εἰρήκαμεν ἤδη· πάντες δὲ οἱ τοιοίδε λόγοι τοῦτο βούλονται ποιεῖν· εἰ μηδὲν διαφέρει τὸ ὄνομα ἢ τὸν λόγον εἰπεῖν, διπλάσιον δὴ καὶ διπλάσιον ἡμίσεος ταὐτό· εἰ ἄρα ἐστὶ διπλάσιον ἡμίσεος διπλάσιον, ἔσται ἡμίσεος ἡμίσεος διπλάσιον. Καὶ πάλιν ἂν ἀντὶ τοῦ "διπλάσιον" "διπλάσιον ἡμίσεος" τεθῇ, τρὶς ἔσται εἰρημένον, ἡμίσεος ἡμίσεος ἡμίσεος διπλάσιον. Καὶ ἆρά ἐστιν ἡ ἐπιθυμία ἡδέος; τοῦτο δ´ ἐστὶν ὄρεξις ἡδέος· ἔστιν ἄρα ἡ ἐπιθυμία ὄρεξις ἡδέος ἡδέος. Aristotle: Sophistic Refutations [173b]
This is the idea of the recursive acronyms
ASK and
GNU as a
string rewriting system.
51. Aristotle: Sophistic Refutations
Here is what Aristotle is describing. Aristotle uses a word for
substitute which is the fundamental idea of a
string rewriting system.
Definition 1. "desire" = "desire" of "pleasure".
Definition 2. "desire" = "appetite" for "pleasure".
Substitute RHS (Right Hand Side) of 2 into "desire" of the RHS of 1.
Incorrect definition (result) 3: "desire" = ("appetite" for "pleasure") of "pleasure" (from the translator)
Correct definition (result) 3: ... more to be added ...
The idea of
relative terms is that of
equations where one phrase or definition is
relative to a term. This example as translated does
not appear to result in an
infinite regress.
Note: The translator appears to have not understood what Aristotle was saying, in terms of string-rewriting substitutions, and did not translated the Greek properly. In 1955, the field of computer science did not exist as such and, even if it did, those skilled in ancient Greek translation would probably not have a good background in programming language theory.
52. Aristotle: Sophistic Refutations
To get the
infinite regress, go back to the general statement of the method.
Definition 1: "double" = "double" of "half".
Substitute the RHS of 1 into the RHS of 1.
Definition (result) 2: "double" = ("double" of "half") of "half".
Substitute the RHS of 1 into the RHS of 1.
Definition (result) 3: "double" = (("double" of "half") of "half") of "half".
Substitute the RHS of 1 into the RHS of 1.
Definition (result) 4: "double" = ((("double" of "half") of "half") of "half") of "half".
This is the general idea of the recursive acronyms
ASK and
GNU as a
string rewriting system.
53. Grammar analogy
The same effect, or language recognized, can be expressed as the following (left recursive) grammar in
EBNF (Extended Backus-Naur Form) form.
D = D H
= (D H) H
= ((D H) H) H
...
Removing the parentheses results in the following result.
D H H H H ...
This simple example can be expressed as a
RE (Regular Expression) as follows.
pure RE: DHH*
extended RE: DH+
All examples result in an
infinite regress.
A top-down parser (e.g., recursive descent) will not recognize a finite sequence of symbols using this grammar (without taking special precautions).
A bottom-up parser (e.g., table-driven such as LALR) will recognize a finite sequence of symbols using this grammar.
Note: Generation is not the same as recognition, but the ideas may help understand the concepts involved.
... more to be added ...
54. Chomsky Language hierarchy
Noam Chomsky influenced how computer science approached computer programming language notations, grammars, etc.
Chomsky grammar hierarchy:
0: Unrestricted grammar (Turing machines)
1: Context sensitive grammar (linear bounded automata)
2: Context free grammar (push down automata as in most programming language features)
3: Regular grammar (finite automata as in regular expression pattern matching)
55. Aristotle: Sophistic Refutations
Now that we have seen the method, let us look at the definition of "
babbling" given by Aristotle.
English: They number five: refutation, fallacy, paradox, solecism, and, fifthly, the reduction of one's opponent to a state of babbling, that is, making him to say the same thing over and over again; or, if not the reality, at any rate the appearance of each of these things.. (Loeb#100, p. 17)
Greek: Ἔστι δὲ πέντε ταῦτα τὸν ἀριθμόν, ἔλεγχος καὶ ψεῦδος καὶ παράδοξον καὶ σολοικισμὸς καὶ πέμπτον τὸ ποιῆσαι ἀδολεσχῆσαι τὸν προσδιαλεγόμενον (τοῦτο δ´ ἐστὶ τὸ πολλάκις ἀναγκάζεσθαι ταὐτὸ λέγειν), ἢ τὸ μὴ ὂν ἀλλὰ [τὸ] φαινόμενον ἕκαστον εἶναι τούτων. Aristotle: Sophistic Refutations [166a]
A repetition of what is substituted, over and over again, is that of "
babbling". This word is derived from
"ἄδολος" ≈ "guileless, honest, simple". It is not clear how Aristotle developed this word for this purpose.
56. Eternal bread
Let the terms (terminals) of a grammar be as follows.
BT = bread today
BND = next day
Let us define the variables of a grammar as follows. That is, give us the bread the next day (tomorrow's bread) today, in addition to the bread today.
BT = BT BND
Then the following results from repeated substitution.
BT = BT BND
BT = (BT BND) BND
BT = ((BT BND) BND) BND
...
That is, an
infinite regress. If bread represents life, then the
infinite regress can represent
eternal life.
57. Infinite regress build
Do you see the
infinite regress? Do you see a connection to the following?
Matthew 6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. (as usually translated)
Matthew 6:11Give us tomorrow's bread today. (Greek words translated)
58. Proverb saying to live forever
An ancient sage one told his pupil, "
There are only two things you need to do to live forever"
The pupil asks, "What are they."
The sage replied.
"Number one. You must never lie."
"Number two. You must repeat this saying tomorrow."
Do you see the
infinite regress? Do you see a connection to the following?
Matthew 6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. (as usually translated)
Matthew 6:11Give us tomorrow's bread today. (Greek words translated)
59. Hilbert's hotel paradox
Mathematician David Hilbert (1862-1943) invented the idea of an
infinite hotel. In the abstract theory of the infinite, it is always possible to accommodate an
infinite number of new guests.
This is like making time to listen to a cello suite. There is always room for cello.
[give way, make room]
60. Inns and dogs
|
There was "no room in the inn" or "no room in the guest room".
Like Hilbert's infinite hotel paradox (which never runs out of rooms), there is always room in the "dog house".
|
61. Matthew 6:11 Daily bread
62. Strongs - manna
*H4478 מָן (mawn) : from H4100; literally, a whatness (so to speak), i.e. manna (so called from the question about it):--manna.
*H1931 הוּא הִיא (hoo) : of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.
*G3131 *4 μάννα (man'-nah) : of Hebrew origin (4478); manna (i.e. man), an edible gum:--manna.
|
Words: μαννα=4
|
63. Usage - manna
- *G3131 *4 μάννα (man'-nah) : of Hebrew origin (4478); manna (i.e. man), an edible gum:--manna.
- μαννα *4
- John 6:31 Our fathers did eat manna in the desert; as ...
- John 6:49 Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead.
- Hebrews 9:4 ... golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod ...
- Revelation 2:17 ... to eat of the hidden manna, and will give ...
64. Exodus 16:15
Exodus 16:15 And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat. [kjv]
ιδοντες δε αυτο οι υιοι ισραηλ ειπαν ετερος τω ετερω τι εστιν τουτο ου γαρ ηδεισαν τι ην ειπεν δε μωυσης προς αυτους ουτος ο αρτος ον εδωκεν κυριος υμιν φαγειν [lxx]
And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, What is this? for they knew not what it was; and Moses said to them, [bs3]
The Hebrew for "
what is it?" became the word for "
manna".
If "
manna" represents the "
bread" of "
life", then the Israelites wanted more. They wanted "
birds"!
|
Details are left as a future topic.
|
65. Exodus 16:15
KJV: And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat.
Hebrew: ויראו בני ישראל ויאמרו איש אל אחיו מן הוא כי לא ידעו מה הוא ויאמר משה אלהם הוא הלחם אשר נתן יהוה לכם לאכלה׃
Greek: ιδοντες δε αυτο οι υιοι ισραηλ ειπαν ετερος τω ετερω τι εστιν τουτο ου γαρ ηδεισαν τι ην ειπεν δε μωυσης προς αυτους ουτος ο αρτος ον εδωκεν κυριος υμιν φαγειν
Brenton: And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, What is this? for they knew not what it was; and Moses said to them,
66. Revelation 2:17 Hidden manna
Revelation 2:17 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it. [kjv]
What is the "
hidden manna"? Might it be the "
living" "
bread"? How can "
manna" be
perverted.
The "n" sound (Hebrew) represents "faithfulness", "fish".
The "m" sound (Hebrew) represents "water", "physical existence".
What happens if the "
n" sound is changed to the "
m" sound?
"mama" as in the harlot queen of Babylon.
"ammo" as a Greek play on words with "sand" as a "house" built on "sand".
"mammon" as a confidence in one's own abilities instead of a trust in God.
67. Revelation 2:17 Hidden manna
Revelation 2:17 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it. [kjv]
ο εχων ους ακουσατω τι το πνευμα λεγει ταις εκκλησιαις τω νικωντι δωσω αυτω του μαννα του κεκρυμμενου και δωσω αυτω ψηφον λευκην και επι την ψηφον ονομα καινον γεγραμμενον ο ουδεις οιδεν ει μη ο λαμβανων [gnt]
The Greek word for "
hidden", in this form, appears only in two places in Matthew, in the kingdom parables.
KP4: Right after (part of) the Leaven (false doctrine) mixed in with true doctrine. The "false" "dead" "bread".
KP5: Treasure hid in a field. The "true" "living" "bread".
That "
living" "
bread" is part of the Lord's Prayer in Matthew. That aspect was
changed at the historical time of KP4 with limited reprieve at the historical time of KP5. Thus, it is "
hidden" "
manna".
68. Hidden manna
The Greek word for "
hidden" as in "
hidden" "
manna" or "
bread" appears only in
two places in Matthew, in the kingdom parables.
KP4 : Right after (part of) the Leaven (false doctrine) mixed in with true doctrine. The "false" "dead" "bread".
KP5 : Treasure hid in a field. The "true" "living" "bread".
The "
living" "
bread" is in Matthew 6:11 (step
5 of seven):
Give us tomorrow's bread today. (eternal "living" "bread")
Give us today our daily bread. (the worldly "bread", adjusted by theologians, etc., to be more appropriate)
69. John 6:48
John 6:48 I am that bread of life. [kjv]
εγω ειμι ο αρτος της ζωης [gnt]
… lyfes hlaf. [wes]
Why is the bread of life eternal like the Son?
The bread is like the sun in that it rises in the yeast and sets in the waist.
Are fat cells saved?
Brain cells die, skin cells die, but fat cells must have accepted Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior because they seem to have eternal life.
70. John 6:48 Bread of life induction
71. Easy payment plan
72. End of page