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2 Timothy 3:1-17 Silly women in the she shed
1. Odd and even
Even numbers: 2, 4, 6, ...
Odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, ...
In ancient Greek thinking, numbers are
even or
odd.
"ἄρτιος" ≈ "complete"is from "ἄρτι" ≈ "just". As an "even number", it was associated with female.
"περιττότης" ≈ "excess, extravagance" and as an "odd number" was associated with male. Some sources say "lacking".
Palindrome: Never odd or even. What are the odds that you would even know this?
Did you hear the joke about odd numbers?
It's not even funny.
Why did the two nuclear physicists die?
They had an odd number of uranium atoms and decided to split them evenly.
2. Universal quantification
Universal quantification involves "
for all" within a certain domain set.
The symbol "
∀" is read as "
for all".
An example is as follows.
∀ x ∈ { 1 , 3 , 5 } : x is an odd number
This is read as "
for all x in the set 1, 3, 5, x is an odd number"
The symbol "∈" is read as "in" which is short for "is an element of" (the domain set that follows).
The symbol ":" (colon) can be thought of as saying "such that" or "it is true that" (what follows).
3. Romans 3:23 All have sinned
Romans 3:23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; [kjv]
παντες γαρ ημαρτον και υστερουνται της δοξης του θεου [gnt]
If sinners were not allowed in church, there would be no one allowed in church.
The Greek here for
"all" is
plural which means there may be
exceptions. Who might be an exception?
The ancient Greek word
"ἁμαρτία" ≈ "error, mistake, fault, sin" as in, literally,
"not a witness". The Greek for
"glory" is that of
"opinion". Anything that is
"not a witness" for God
"falls short" or
"lags behind" of God's
"opinion" or
"expectation".
In logical reasoning, one should not universally quantify something without specifying the domain to which it applies and how it applies. The "
for all" would appear to refer to "
men" who are not "
God" (as in "
Jesus").
Paraphrase: For all have not been a (good) witness (of God) and not approached the opinion of God
4. Romans 3:23 Glory of God
Romans 3:23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; [kjv]
παντες γαρ ημαρτον και υστερουνται της δοξης του θεου [gnt]
Do we need to come up to the
"glory" of God? Perhaps a pastor could help us with that seemingly unattainable quest.
"υστερούντα" ≈ "lag behind, be late".
"δόξα" ≈ "opinion, expectation".
Paraphrase: All (with possible exceptions) have not been a (good) witness (for God) and have lagged behind the opinion/expectation of God.
It appears we do not have to reach the level of God. God has an
expectation/opinion of where we should be and we are
lagging behind that
expectation/opinion. This appears to be in line with Eastern Orthodox thought.
5. 2 Timothy 3:1
KJV: This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come.
Greek: τουτο δε γινωσκε οτι εν εσχαταις ημεραις ενστησονται καιροι χαλεποι
Latin: hoc autem scito quod in novissimis diebus instabunt tempora periculosa
6. 2 Timothy 3:6
KJV: For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts,
Greek: εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτευοντες τα αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις
Latin: ex his enim sunt qui penetrant domos et captivas ducunt mulierculas oneratas peccatis quae ducuntur variis desideriis
7. 2 Timothy 3:7
KJV: Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.
Greek: παντοτε μανθανοντα και μηδεποτε εις επιγνωσιν αληθειας ελθειν δυναμενα
8. 2 Timothy 3:1-17 Silly women in the she shed
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
The chapter of 2 Timothy has only 17 verses. An interesting verse is the one translated by the
KJV (King James Version) as "
silly"
"women". As a distractor, many
ARMS (Attractive Refrigerator Magnet Sermons) focus on the phrase "
silly"
"women".
The context of the "
last days" is important in understanding the meaning of the verse.
9. She sheds
A "
she shed" is the female version of the "
man cave". This could be a room of a house but is often a small building not attached to the house.
Related phrases:
she shed, girl's time out
man cave, he shed (England)
coffee clatch
group think (psychology idea)
Miller Time (beer commercial)
birds of a feather stick together (Aristotle and others)
10. Pretty woman
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
The song "
Oh, Pretty Woman" was recorded (and written, with Bill Dees) by Roy Orbison and released on August 26, 1964. The lyrics start as "
Pretty woman, walking down the street ...".
For 2 Timothy 3:6, one can think of the lyrics, "
Silly women, talking in the house ..."
11. Magnet sermons
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
Read the next verse.
3:7 Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. [kjv]
παντοτε μανθανοντα και μηδεποτε εις επιγνωσιν αληθειας ελθειν δυναμενα [gnt]
Those refrigerator magnet sermons may never get to a knowledge of the truth! For context, let us go back to the beginning of the chapter.
Paul is writing to Timothy, Bishop of Ephesus. Ephesus is a center of Greek culture, science, philosophy, etc. Paul often uses Greek words that relate to the audience to whom Timothy is serving.
12. 2 Timothy 3:1
2 Timothy 3:1 This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. [kjv]
τουτο δε γινωσκε οτι εν εσχαταις ημεραις ενστησονται καιροι χαλεποι [gnt]
… novissimis diebus … tempora periculosa [v]
Paul writes these warnings for the
"last" "
days". The ancient Greek word
"ἔσχατος" ≈ "farthest, most remote, last, final, extreme" and is the source of the English word
"eschatology" as a "
study of the end times".
The ancient Greek word
"ἡμέρᾱ" ≈ "day, time".
When asked by the disciples, Jesus talks of the
"last" "
days" in the "
Olivet Discourse" where he talks of "
all of it" (play on words).
13. Matthew 24: The Olivet discourse
Matthew 24:3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world? [kjv]
καθημενου δε αυτου επι του ορους των ελαιων προσηλθον αυτω οι μαθηται κατ ιδιαν λεγοντες ειπον ημιν ποτε ταυτα εσται και τι το σημειον της σης παρουσιας και συντελειας του αιωνος [gnt]
In Matthew, when the disciples ask about the last days, Jesus talks about the last days in the Olivet discourse, where he talks about "
all of it" as in "
Ol-i-vet".
14. 2 Timothy 3:1 Difficult seasons
15. Fierce and difficult times
2 Timothy 3:1 This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. [kjv]
τουτο δε γινωσκε οτι εν εσχαταις ημεραις ενστησονται καιροι χαλεποι [gnt]
… novissimis diebus … tempora periculosa [v]
Matthew 8:28 And when he was come to the other side into the country of the Gergesenes, there met him two possessed with devils, coming out of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so that no man might pass by that way. [kjv]
και ελθοντος αυτου εις το περαν εις την χωραν των γαδαρηνων υπηντησαν αυτω δυο δαιμονιζομενοι εκ των μνημειων εξερχομενοι χαλεποι λιαν ωστε μη ισχυειν τινα παρελθειν δια της οδου εκεινης [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"χαλεπός" ≈ "difficult, painful, cruel".
The
KJV translates as "
might" as a variation of the Greek word for "
strong" as in "
strongly"
"difficult"
16. Matthew 8:28
KJV: And when he was come to the other side into the country of the Gergesenes, there met him two possessed with devils, coming out of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so that no man might pass by that way.
Greek: και ελθοντι αυτω ελθοντος αυτου εις το περαν εις την χωραν των γεργεσηνων γαδαρηνων υπηντησαν αυτω δυο δαιμονιζομενοι εκ των μνημειων εξερχομενοι χαλεποι λιαν ωστε μη ισχυειν τινα παρελθειν δια της οδου εκεινης
17. Isaiah 18:2
Isaiah 18:2 That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled ! [kjv]
ο αποστελλων εν θαλασση ομηρα και επιστολας βυβλινας επανω του υδατος πορευσονται γαρ αγγελοι κουφοι προς εθνος μετεωρον και ξενον λαον και χαλεπον τις αυτου επεκεινα εθνος ανελπιστον και καταπεπατημενον νυν οι ποταμοι της γης [lxx]
The
LXX (Septuagint) has both the words for "
apostle" as "
one sent" and "
letter" or "
message sent" in the same verse.
18. Isaiah 18:2
Isaiah 18:2 That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled ! [kjv]
ο αποστελλων εν θαλασση ομηρα και επιστολας βυβλινας επανω του υδατος πορευσονται γαρ αγγελοι κουφοι προς εθνος μετεωρον και ξενον λαον και χαλεπον τις αυτου επεκεινα εθνος ανελπιστον και καταπεπατημενον νυν οι ποταμοι της γης [lxx]
KJV: "vessels" of "bulrushes".
LXX: "messages" of "papyrus".
The
KJV translates the Hebrew as
"bulrushes". The
LXX has the
"βύβλινος" ≈ "made of papyrus" that came from
"βῠ́βλος" ≈ "papyrus, book" and that became the word for
"book".
19. Isaiah 18:2
KJV: That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled !
Hebrew: השלח בים צירים ובכלי גמא על פני מים לכו מלאכים קלים אל גוי ממשך ומורט אל עם נורא מן הוא והלאה גוי קו קו ומבוסה אשר בזאו נהרים ארצו׃
Greek: ο αποστελλων εν θαλασση ομηρα και επιστολας βυβλινας επανω του υδατος πορευσονται γαρ αγγελοι κουφοι προς εθνος μετεωρον και ξενον λαον και χαλεπον τις αυτου επεκεινα εθνος ανελπιστον και καταπεπατημενον νυν οι ποταμοι της γης
20. Strongs - difficult
- *G5467 *2 χαλεπός (khal-ep-os') : perhaps from G5465 through the idea of reducing the strength; difficult, i.e. dangerous, or (by implication) furious:--fierce, perilous.
- χαλεποι *2
- Matthew 8:28 ... of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so that no man ...
- 2 Timothy 3:1 ... in the last days perilous times shall come.
21. Usage - difficult
*G5467 *2 χαλεπός (khal-ep-os') : perhaps from G5465 through the idea of reducing the strength; difficult, i.e. dangerous, or (by implication) furious:--fierce, perilous.
 |
Words: χαλεποι=2
|
22. 2 Timothy 3:2-4 List of sins
Paul then lists a laundry list of sins of the "
last days" - spanning three verses. Keep this list in mind to understand the verses that follow. What is the common thread in these sins? Men are
odd (lacking) while women are
even (complete).
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
These sins have been present at all times in all societies. Paul appears to be saying that in the "
last days" these sins will be more pervasive than at other times in history.
The Greek word or words for each do not always match the English. Let us investigate.
23. 2 Timothy 3:2-4 List of sins
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
As each sin is covered, note that the Greek meaning often does not match the English word. Try to think of those who have each attributed but are still followed as false teachers. The following might help.
Leaders and members of a political party/house (as viewing the other side).
Pastors and members of a church/house that has set itself apart in some way.
The more extreme (e.g., conservative, liberal, etc.) an organization is, the more these characteristics may be accepted within that organization.
24. 2 Timothy 3:2 Lovers of selves
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"φιλαυτοι" ≈ "lovers of oneself" is a word used only here by Paul. The Greek for
"lovers of their own selves" are those, literally, who have a
"love of themselves".
The ancient Greek word
"φίλος" ≈ "that which is loved or important, friend" as in "
Philadelphia" as "
love of brothers" or "
brotherly love".
The ancient Greek pronoun and word
"αὐτός" ≈ "it, self, same" and is the source of English words starting with prefix
"auto" such as "
automobile" (self-propelled car), "
automatic", "
autonomous", etc.
25. 2 Timothy 3:2 Covetous
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"φιλαργυρια" ≈ "love of silver" and which is translated as
"covertness" or
"love of money" comes from two words.
The ancient Greek word
"φίλος" ≈ "that which is loved or important, friend" as in "
Philadelphia" as "
love of brothers" or "
brotherly love". The ancient Greek word
"ἄργυρος" ≈ "silver".
Discuss: Since Jesus, have churches ever loved silver, gold, money, etc.? Provide some examples. Has this impacted how the church was run? Does this happen today?
26. 1 Timothy 6:10 Silver
1 Timothy 6:10 For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows. [kjv]
ριζα γαρ παντων των κακων εστιν η φιλαργυρια ης τινες ορεγομενοι απεπλανηθησαν απο της πιστεως και εαυτους περιεπειραν οδυναις πολλαις [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"φιλαργυρια" ≈ "love of silver" and which is translated as
"covertness" or
"love of money" comes from
"φίλος" ≈ "that which is loved or important, friend" and
"ἄργυρος" ≈ "silver".
Discuss: Which is the root of
all evil?
The "desire of money".
The "desire to be greatest".
The "desire to have dominion over other human beings".
Something else.
27. 2 Timothy 3:2 Know-it-alls
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"boasters" is that of a
"know it all". That is, a time when "
opinion" takes precedence over actual "
knowledge" of "
reality", "
logic", etc.
The ancient Greek word
"ἀλαζονεία" ≈ "pretense to superior knowledge or skill". This definition appears to be along the lines of what would later be called a "
Gnostic". It appears to be similar to the English term
"know it all".
Discuss: Would a
"know it all" who is deceiving others with
false truth ever call someone with real knowledge of the
real truth a
"know it all"?
28. A pretender to superior knowledge
James 4:16 But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil. [kjv]
νυν δε καυχασθε εν ταις αλαζονειαις υμων πασα καυχησις τοιαυτη πονηρα εστιν [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἀλαζονεία" ≈ "pretense to superior knowledge or skill". This definition appears to be along the lines of what would later be called a "
Gnostic". It appears to be similar to the English term
"know it all".
The
KJV usually translates this word as
"boast" even though ancient Greek had a more common word for
"boast", used
57 times in the
GNT (Greek New Testament).
"καυχάομαι" ≈ "boast".
"καύχημα" ≈ "boast".
"καύχησις" ≈ "boast".
This word appears to be
onomatopoeic in that it sounds like what it describes. Interestingly, Jesus does not use either word in the Gospels nor in Revelation.
29. 2 Timothy 3:2 Proud
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ὑπερήφανος" ≈ "overbearing, insolent, arrogant" and comes from two Greek words.
"ὑπέρ" ≈ "over".
"φανος" ≈ "appearance" as in "bright", "shining", etc.
A false teacher can give the
appearance of light without actually having (true) light.
30. Philippians
In Philippians, Paul is taking the "
bishops" to task for taking the church followers in directions not in line with the truth of Christ.
Philippians 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; [kjv]
ινα γενησθε αμεμπτοι και ακεραιοι τεκνα θεου αμωμα μεσον γενεας σκολιας και διεστραμμενης εν οις φαινεσθε ως φωστηρες εν κοσμω [gnt]
… querella … simplices … lucetis … luminaria … mundo [v]
Do those (bishops) in Philippi
"shine" or do they only
"appear"?
Greek: "appear" as "light".
KJV: "shine" as "light".
The Latin word
"luceo" ≈ "shine" and is the basis for the English word
"Lucifer", from the Greek, as "
bearer of light" (albeit a false light). The Latin Vulgate appears to start the word slide. Whose "
bright" idea was this?
31. 2 Timothy 3:2 Blasphemers
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"blasphemy" means, literally,
"speaking bad" of something or someone and not necessarily in a religious context. This could be
"bad mouthing". Those deceiving others may propose an oath to "
protect the reputations" of group members - especially the leader.
One might think of someone who is always
"complaining" about something as
"speaking bad". One might think of the
"pessimist" rather than the "
optimist".
32. 2 Timothy 3:2 Disobedient to parents
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
"απειθής" ≈ "disobedient" and means, literally
"not persuaded" or
"not believing"
"γονεύς" ≈ "parent, ancestor". In general, the idea may be of a cultural heritage. Such a person would be
"disobedient" or
"not persuaded" or
"not believing" to
"ancestors" or
"cultural heritage" as in
"extended family".
The general idea is that of a rebellion against the family and/or culture. A modern phrase is the "
breakdown of the family" as a cultural unit of importance.
33. 2 Timothy 3:2 Not thankful
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἀχάριστος" ≈ "unthankful" as in, literally,
"not a favor". The ancient Greek word
"ευχάριστος" ≈ "thankful" as in a "
good favor" or "
thank you". This word is the source, through Latin, of "
Eucharist".
"χαρίζομαι" ≈ "grant a favor".
"χάρῐν" ≈ "for the sake of".
"χάρις" ≈ "favor, grace" and, in context, can be "beauty", "elegance", "charm", "grace", etc.
Discuss: How "
thankful" are people in modern times? How
"unthankful" are people?
34. 2 Timothy 3:2 Unholy
2 Timothy 3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, [kjv]
εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἀνόσιος" ≈ "without regard for anyone or anything" and usually refers to something considered by others as sacred or important.
Such a person might want the other side to have regard for them but they would not have any regard for anyone else.
35. 2 Timothy 3:2
KJV: For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,
Greek: εσονται γαρ οι ανθρωποι φιλαυτοι φιλαργυροι αλαζονες υπερηφανοι βλασφημοι γονευσιν απειθεις αχαριστοι ανοσιοι
36. 2 Timothy 3:3 Without natural affection
Paul's laundry list of sins in the "
last days" continues to the next verse.
2 Timothy 3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
αστοργοι ασπονδοι διαβολοι ακρατεις ανημεροι αφιλαγαθοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"without natural affection" uses one of the four Greek words for
love as "
motherly love" but in the
negative.
agape - devotion love
eros - physical love
philos - friendship love
storge - motherly love
The ancient Greek word
"στοργή" ≈ "love, affection" as in a love of a
mother for a
child. This word does
not appear in the
GNT or
LXX.
This idea of a female (good) vs. male (not good) appears in several verses in this chapter.
37. 2 Timothy 3:3 Truce breakers
2 Timothy 3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
αστοργοι ασπονδοι διαβολοι ακρατεις ανημεροι αφιλαγαθοι [gnt]
"ἄσπανδος" ≈ "without drink offerings, not formalized". In the sense of a treaty, it means "allowing no truce". Rather than a "truce breaker" the word appears to mean "not allowing a truce".
Such a person would observe a "
cease fire" for themselves but might desire to call one to give themselves time to regroup, expecting the other side to abide by the rules.
38. 2 Timothy 3:3 False accusers
2 Timothy 3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
αστοργοι ασπονδοι διαβολοι ακρατεις ανημεροι αφιλαγαθοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"false accusers" is that of an
"accuser". The "
false" is inferred.
The ancient Greek word
"διάβολος" ≈ "accuser" which is, literally, to
"throw across" as a calque of the Hebrew
"Satan" as
"accuser".
Such a person would always be
"accusing" the other side of something, perhaps, as a psychological projection, something they are already doing or plan to do.
The "
"accuser"" is associated with "
wind". Jesus can calm the "
wind".
39. 2 Timothy 3:3 Incontinent
2 Timothy 3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
αστοργοι ασπονδοι διαβολοι ακρατεις ανημεροι αφιλαγαθοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"incontinent" is that of
"without self-control" as in, literally,
"not holding in" or
"not restrained".
"ἀκρασία" ≈ "lack of strength".
"ἀκράτεια" ≈ "lack of control" as in "self-indulgence" or "intemperance".
The Greek for "
control" or "
power" in the word for "
lack of control" is in the English word "
democracy".
40. Democracy etymology
41. 2 Timothy 3:3 Fierce
2 Timothy 3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
αστοργοι ασπονδοι διαβολοι ακρατεις ανημεροι αφιλαγαθοι [gnt]
"ἀνήμερος" ≈ "savage, not tame".
This word by Paul appears only here.
There could be a play on words with
"ἡμέρᾱ" ≈ "day, time" as in
"not of the day".
42. 2 Timothy 3:3 Dispisers of good
2 Timothy 3:3 Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, [kjv]
αστοργοι ασπονδοι διαβολοι ακρατεις ανημεροι αφιλαγαθοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"despisers of those that are good" is that of
"not lovers of good".
Discuss: Will the day ever come when many will call "
good" as "
evil" and "
evil" as "
good"?
43. Hebrew word for evil
Isaiah 5:20 Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter ! [kjv]
… לרע … רע … [he]
ουαι οι λεγοντες το πονηρον καλον και το καλον πονηρον οι τιθεντες το σκοτος φως και το φως σκοτος οι τιθεντες το πικρον γλυκυ και το γλυκυ πικρον [lxx]
 |
The Hebrew word "רע" (ra) ≈ "evil". Isaiah associates opposites as "evil" and "good", "darkness" and "light", "bitter" and "sweet".
|
| Opposites |
| evil |
good |
| darkness |
light |
| bitter |
sweet |
|
When one sees strange or unusual things in today's culture, a model that fits well is the following.
If the Bible or God says something is "right",
then those against the Bible or God
will do the "opposite" and
try to convince everyone that that is "right".
|
44. 2 Timothy 3:3
KJV: Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good,
Greek: αστοργοι ασπονδοι διαβολοι ακρατεις ανημεροι αφιλαγαθοι
45. 2 Timothy 3:4 Traitors
Paul continues the laundry list of sins in the "
last days" to a third verse in the sequence.
2 Timothy 3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
προδοται προπετεις τετυφωμενοι φιληδονοι μαλλον η φιλοθεοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"traitors" has to do with those who
"hand over". The Greek for
"tradition" is related in that it is something
"handed over" to descendants.
"προδότης" ≈ "traitor, betrayer" as in someone who is "faithless" or "unreliable".
"πρόδοτος" ≈ "betrayed, let down".
Think of someone who has "
betrayed your trust".
46. 2 Timothy 3:4 Heady
2 Timothy 3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
προδοται προπετεις τετυφωμενοι φιληδονοι μαλλον η φιλοθεοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"heady", literally
"falling forwards", has to do with being
"reckless". One who does this does not think of the consequences of their actions. Here are some related words.
"προπετής" ≈ "falling forwards".
"προπέτεια" ≈ "impetuous, reckless".
"προπετῶς" ≈ "headlong, impetuous, reckless".
Going "
beyond" this is the word often translated as
"transgressions". The ancient Greek word
"παράπτωσις" ≈ "impetuous pursuit, going astray". The parts of the word mean, literally, going
"beyond falling".
47. Matthew 6:14-15 Going astray in pursuit
Matthew 6:14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: [kjv]
εαν γαρ αφητε τοις ανθρωποις τα παραπτωματα αυτων αφησει και υμιν ο πατηρ υμων ο ουρανιος [gnt]
6:15 But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. [kjv]
εαν δε μη αφητε τοις ανθρωποις τα παραπτωματα αυτων ουδε ο πατηρ υμων αφησει τα παραπτωματα υμων [gnt]
The word often translated as
"trespass" is the ancient Greek word
"παράπτωσις" ≈ "impetuous pursuit, going astray". The parts of the word mean, literally, going
"beyond falling" as in "
fault" of imperfection.
The ancient Greek word "παρά" ≈ "beyond" and, in this case, "excessive".
The ancient Greek word "πτῶσις" ≈ "falling, failing". In the Beatitudes, the Greek word is used to describe those who are "poor" "beggars" in "spirit" and need the "good news".
A general English phrase for this might be
"stupid things" that are done (by you or others).
48. 2 Timothy 3:4 High-minded
49. 2 Timothy 3:4 Lovers of pleasure
2 Timothy 3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
προδοται προπετεις τετυφωμενοι φιληδονοι μαλλον η φιλοθεοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"lovers of pleasures" has to do with being a
"lover of hedonism" which is part of the philosophy of
Epicurus.
"ἡδονή" ≈ "delight, pleasure, enjoyment" and is the source of the English word "hedonism".
50. Epicurus
Epicurus (341-270 BC) was a Greek philosopher who, rejecting Plato's ideas, founded the movement called Epicureanism. These ideas are still popular today and preached in some churches.
self-sufficient life surrounded by friends
absence of pain, control of anger
peace and freedom from fear
happiness and pleasure (hedonism)
Some pastors will preach on the great importance of having friends and make that part of their Bible teaching. It is hard to find Bible support for this idea.
Instead, one should "
be a friend" as Jesus was, and not "
need a friend".
51. Acts 26:22 Epicureans
Acts 26:22 Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come: [kjv]
επικουριας ουν τυχων της απο του θεου αχρι της ημερας ταυτης εστηκα μικρω τε και μεγαλω ουδεν εκτος λεγων ων τε οι προφηται ελαλησαν μελλοντων γινεσθαι και μωυσης [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἐπικουρία" ≈ "help, aid" and is used by Paul as a play on words of the Greek philosopher
"Ἐπίκουρος " ≈ "Epicurus" (341-270 BC).
Did Paul first become a "
friend" of those to whom he was "
witnessing"?
Epicurus advocated having "friends" to "help" you and being "self-sufficient".
Paul advocates getting "help" from God.
52. With a little help from my friends
Written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and sung by drummer Ringo Starr, the Beatles song "
With a little help from my friends" was on the "
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album released on May 26, 1967.
It is not so much our friends' help that helps us, as the confidence of their help. Epicurus.
Consider Paul. No.
Not Paul
McCartney, but the
Apostle Paul.
☐ Does Paul depend on "
friends" for help?
☐ Does Paul get help from God?
What does Paul think of the "
Epicurean" philosophy of having friends, anger management, etc.?
53. 2 Timothy 3:4 Rather than
2 Timothy 3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
προδοται προπετεις τετυφωμενοι φιληδονοι μαλλον η φιλοθεοι [gnt]
The Greek for
"more than" is that of
"rather" or
"instead of".
The ancient Greek word
"μᾶλλον" ≈ "rather" as in
"rather than". In a comparison, in context, it could be
"rather more". The modern Greek word
"μάλλον" (MAL-lon) ≈ "rather, more precisely".
54. 2 Timothy 3:4 Lovers of God
2 Timothy 3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
προδοται προπετεις τετυφωμενοι φιληδονοι μαλλον η φιλοθεοι [gnt]
Paul appears to be making the following contrast.
"lovers of hedonism" as in the Epicurean philosophy
"rather than"
"lovers of God".
Might this be a reference to ideas such as Christian Hedonism?
55. 2 Timothy 3:4
KJV: Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God;
Greek: προδοται προπετεις τετυφωμενοι φιληδονοι μαλλον η φιλοθεοι
56. Table
Self-centered, lovers of self
Lovers of money, coveter
Pretenders to superior knowledge, know it all (without actually knowing)
Overbearing, insolent, arrogant, appearing over others
Speaking bad or bad mouthing many
Disobedient or not persuaded by family or culture
Not thankful
Without regard for anyone or anything
Without motherly love
Allowing no truce, abiding by no truce
Accusing
Without self-control, not restrained, self-indulgent
Savage, not tame, not of the day
Not lovers of good, by implication, lovers of bad or evil.
Handing over, faithless, lacking integrity
Heady, falling forwards, reckless, impetuous
Puffed up, deluded, blowing smoke
Lovers of hedonism (friends, anger control, lack of fear)
What is the common theme in these traits?
57. 2 Timothy 3:5 Form of godliness
2 Timothy 3:5 Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away. [kjv]
εχοντες μορφωσιν ευσεβειας την δε δυναμιν αυτης ηρνημενοι και τουτους αποτρεπου [gnt]
The English word
"form" is, through French, from the Latin word
"forme" ≈ "form, shape, appearance" which appears to be from the ancient Greek word
"μορφή" ≈ "shape, fashion, appearance".
The Greek for
"godliness" has to do with a
"good seriousness" is in the word
"august".
58. Strongs - deny
59. Usage - deny
*G720 *33 ἀρνέομαι (ar-neh'-om-ahee) : perhaps from G1 (as a negative particle) and the middle voice of G4483; to contradict, i.e. disavow, reject, abnegate:--deny, refuse.
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Words: αρνεισθαι αρνησαμενοι αρνησαμενος αρνησασθαι αρνησασθω αρνησεται αρνηση αρνησηται αρνησομαι αρνησομεθα αρνουμενοι=2 αρνουμενος=3 αρνουμενων αρνουνται ηρνειτο ηρνημενοι=1 ηρνησαντο ηρνησασθε=2 ηρνησατο=8 ηρνησω=2 ηρνηται
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60. Acts 25:21 Appeal to Caesar
Acts 25:21 But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar. [kjv]
του δε παυλου επικαλεσαμενου τηρηθηναι αυτον εις την του σεβαστου διαγνωσιν εκελευσα τηρεισθαι αυτον εως ου αναπεμψω αυτον προς καισαρα [gnt]
Here «
διαγωςσιν» is "
hearing".
Note that the Vulgate "
Augusti" and King James "
Augustus" refer to Emperor at the birth of Jesus. The Greek, however, does not have this word - but it might be inferred from the word «
σεβαστου» for
"respected". The Luther German has "
Kaisers" for "
Caesar" which is the origin of the German word "
Kaiser".
All versions have "
Caesar" at the end of the verse.
The modern Greek word "Καίσαρας" (KEH-sa-ras) ≈ "Caesar".
The modern Greek word "Αύγουστος" (AEE-gu-stos) ≈ "Augustus".
The modern Greek word "σεβαστή" (seh-vas-TEE) ≈ "respected".
61. Sevastopol
Sevastopol: Late 18th century. From Ukrainian Севасто́поль (Sevastópolʹ) and Russian Севасто́поль (Sevastópolʹ), from Ancient Greek Σεβαστόπολις (Sebastópolis) from σεβαστός (sebastós, “august”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”), probably after Empress (=Augusta) Catherine II of Russia. Wiktionary: 2022-12-15
62. 2 Timothy 3:5 Power
2 Timothy 3:5 Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away. [kjv]
εχοντες μορφωσιν ευσεβειας την δε δυναμιν αυτης ηρνημενοι και τουτους αποτρεπου [gnt]
The Greek for
"power" has to do with
"potentiality".
Those people "
deny" the
"potential" of what Christ can do.
Do we see this today? Do churches have a
"form" or "
pretense" of
"holiness" or
"seriousness" but
"deny" or
"reject" the
"potential" of Christ?
63. 2 Timothy 3:5 Turn away
2 Timothy 3:5 Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away. [kjv]
εχοντες μορφωσιν ευσεβειας την δε δυναμιν αυτης ηρνημενοι και τουτους αποτρεπου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"τρέπω" ≈ "turn, change, rotate".
The ancient Greek word
"απο" ≈ "away from" with a sense of
distance set apart. That is, do not just "
turn away" but create some distance as in "
social distancing".
64. 2 Timothy 3:5
KJV: Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away.
Greek: εχοντες μορφωσιν ευσεβειας την δε δυναμιν αυτης ηρνημενοι και τουτους αποτρεπου
65. 2 Timothy 3:6 This sort
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]
KJV: "For of this sort".
Latin: "ex his enim" ≈ "for from these".
Greek: "εκ τουτων" ≈ "out/of of these".
This phrase is somewhat ambiguous in that these people are as have
all or just
some of the listed traits.
66. 2 Timothy 3:6 Time of season
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]
"καιρός" ≈ "measure, season, time" (possible play on words).
"καῖρος" ≈ "row of thrums in the loom" (possible play on words).
67. 2 Timothy 3:6 Silly women
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]
Paul appears to make up the word the ancient Greek word
"γυναικαρία" ≈ "women's time/season" (diminutive ending).
"γυναίκα" ≈ "woman, wife".
"καιρός" ≈ "measure, season, time" (possible play on words).
The Latin word
"muliercula" ≈ "little woman, common working girl". The "
silly" appears to have been added from the Latin into English. Then, "
silly" changed meaning over the years, from "
lucky" to "
innocent" to "
naive" to "
foolish".
68. 2 Timothy 3:6 Silly women
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]
Using the Greek
odd and
even ideas:
An even number is complete and is associated with female.
An odd number is lacking or extravagant and is associated with male.
Do you see any connection here? Could the "
women" (complete) refer by analogy to new believers? Could the "
men" (lacking) refer by analogy to false teachers?
69. 2 Timothy 3:6 Play on words
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]
The Greek for
"creep" is that of
"putting on an outer garment" which, in effect, causes one to
"withdraw" under/behind that garment. Think of a "
wolf" in "
sheep's" "
clothing". The ancient Greek word
"ἐνδύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)" and comes from two Greek words.
"ἐν" ≈ "in" as an intensifier.
"δύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)".
The Latin word
"penetro" ≈ "enter, penetrate" and is the source of the English word
"penetrate".
70. Clothing
71. 2 Timothy 3:6 Captivate
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]
The
"captive" as in
"making captive" might be thought of as the English word
"captivate".
These "
false teachers", as a wolf in sheep's
"clothing" will
"captivate" this group, as in a
"house" built on sand. Those sheep as in some of the church as a
"bride" might be
"laden" with
sin and
guilt, but, due to
false teaching such as, for example,
Christian Hedonism, those sheep might be led away by other
"desires" such as
happiness.
72. Strongs - captivate
- *G163 *4 αἰχμαλωτίζω (aheekh-mal-o-tid'-zo) : from G164; to make captive:--lead away captive, bring into captivity.
- αιχμαλωτιζοντες *2
- 2 Corinthians 10:5 ... the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to ...
- 2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into ...
- αιχμαλωτισθησονται
- Luke 21:24 ... by the edge of the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: ...
- αιχμαλωτιζοντα
- Romans 7:23 ... mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin ...
73. Usage - captivate
*G163 *4 αἰχμαλωτίζω (aheekh-mal-o-tid'-zo) : from G164; to make captive:--lead away captive, bring into captivity.
 |
Words: αιχμαλωτιζοντα αιχμαλωτιζοντες=2 αιχμαλωτισθησονται
|
Paul uses this word, here and elsewhere, in the figurative sense of being
"captivated" mentally and
not physically.
74. Captive thoughts
Romans 7:23 But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. [kjv]
βλεπω δε ετερον νομον εν τοις μελεσιν μου αντιστρατευομενον τω νομω του νοος μου και αιχμαλωτιζοντα με εν τω νομω της αμαρτιας τω οντι εν τοις μελεσιν μου [gnt]
… aliam … membris … mentis … captivantem … membris … [v]
2 Corinthians 10:5 Casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ; [kjv]
λογισμους καθαιρουντες και παν υψωμα επαιρομενον κατα της γνωσεως του θεου και αιχμαλωτιζοντες παν νοημα εις την υπακοην του χριστου [gnt]
… captivitatem … intellectum … [v]
75. Romans 7:23
KJV: But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members.
Greek: βλεπω δε ετερον νομον εν τοις μελεσιν μου αντιστρατευομενον τω νομω του νοος μου και αιχμαλωτιζοντα με εν τω νομω της αμαρτιας τω οντι εν τοις μελεσιν μου
Latin: video autem aliam legem in membris meis repugnantem legi mentis meae et captivantem me in lege peccati quae est in membris meis
76. 2 Corinthians 10:5
KJV: Casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ;
Greek: λογισμους καθαιρουντες και παν υψωμα επαιρομενον κατα της γνωσεως του θεου και αιχμαλωτιζοντες παν νοημα εις την υπακοην του χριστου
Latin: et omnem altitudinem extollentem se adversus scientiam Dei et in captivitatem redigentes omnem intellectum in obsequium Christi
77. 2 Timothy 3:6 Heap of words
Paul uses a made-up word for
"heap on" or
"pile on". Paul uses this word again in chapter 4.
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
ex his enim … penetrant domos … captivas … mulierculas oneratas … desideriis [v]
The prefix «
σε» an in
"heaped" with
sins might be a setup for the play on words with the "
house" being a
"coffin" and setting up the later play on words.
"σορός" ≈ "vessel, urn, coffin".
"σωρός" ≈ "heap, pile, mound, quantity"
That
"heap" or
"coffin" might relate to a
"house" built on
sand.
78. 2 Timothy 3:6-7 Learning
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
3:7 Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. [kjv]
παντοτε μανθανοντα και μηδεποτε εις επιγνωσιν αληθειας ελθειν δυναμενα [gnt]
The focus appears to
not be on women but on those who might
"withdraw" or
"creep" into "
houses", as would a
wolf in sheep's
"clothing", to do certain "
teaching" to anyone in the
"house".
An analogy is that of a "
consultant" whose primary goal is to extend the consulting contract. If the "
truth" or "
reality" were actually learned, that consultant might be out of a job.
79. Prisoners
The best way to keep a prisoner from escaping is to make sure he never knows he's in prison. Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881), author of
Crime and punishment.
Russian: Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский (1821-1881)
Analogy:
The best way to keep people separated from the love of Christ is to not let them know they have separated themselves from the love of Christ.
One way:
Convince the people that nothing can separate them from the love of Christ. Therefore, they do not need to worry about anything.
80. Silly love songs
2 Timothy 3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
εκ τουτων γαρ εισιν οι ενδυνοντες εις τας οικιας και αιχμαλωτιζοντες γυναικαρια σεσωρευμενα αμαρτιαις αγομενα επιθυμιαις ποικιλαις [gnt]
Speaking of "
silly"
"women" in
"houses", some churches want to fill the world with "
silly love songs". They say, as the song says, "
and what's wrong with that?".
Does the end justify the means?
Does filling the pews justify the means?
81. Wolves and sheep
82. 2 Timothy 3:6-7 Led away
83. 2 Timothy 3:6-7 Led away
84. 2 Timothy 3:7 Learning and reader response
2 Timothy 3:7 Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. [kjv]
παντοτε μανθανοντα και μηδεποτε εις επιγνωσιν αληθειας ελθειν δυναμενα [gnt]
Can one "
learn" if one "
teaches" oneself? That is an idea of
reader response. One hears pastors sometimes say or pray the following.
Lord, teach us what you would have us to learn.
Discuss: How might this statement be ambiguous? Does it relate to
reader response? How is this different from the disciples saying to the Lord,
Lord, teach us to pray..
This brings to mind the "
Meno paradox" as when Thomas in John 14 says "
How do we know the way when we do not where you are going.".
85. Meno paradox
A problem in Greek philosophy was that of "
knowing" and attaining "
knowledge". From Plato, here is a concise and brief formulation of Meno's Paradox.
If you know what you are looking for, there is no need to ask. Asking is unnecessary.
If you do not know what you are looking for, there is no way to ask. Asking is impossible.
The underlying assumption is that either you know what you are looking for or you do not know what you are looking for. There is a bit of "
sophistic" deception going on here, but it can be difficult to identify.
Thomas: "
How do we know the way when we do not where you are going.".
86. 2 Timothy 3:8
87. Strongs - reprobate
- *G96 *8 ἀδόκιμος (ad-ok'-ee-mos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and G1384; unapproved, i.e. rejected; by implication, worthless (literally or morally):--castaway, rejected, reprobate.
- αδοκιμοι *5
- 2 Corinthians 13:5 ... you, except ye be reprobates?
- 2 Corinthians 13:6 ... we are not reprobates.
- 2 Corinthians 13:7 ... we be as reprobates.
- 2 Timothy 3:8 ... men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.
- Titus 1:16 ... every good work reprobate.
- αδοκιμος *2
- 1 Corinthians 9:27 ... to others, I myself should be a castaway.
- Hebrews 6:8 ... thorns and briers is rejected, and is nigh unto cursing; ...
- αδοκιμον
- Romans 1:28 ... them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things ...
88. Usage - reprobate
*G96 *8 ἀδόκιμος (ad-ok'-ee-mos) : from G1 (as a negative particle) and G1384; unapproved, i.e. rejected; by implication, worthless (literally or morally):--castaway, rejected, reprobate.
 |
Words: αδοκιμοι=5 αδοκιμον αδοκιμος=2
|
89. 2 Timothy 3:8
KJV: Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.
Greek: ον τροπον δε ιαννης και ιαμβρης αντεστησαν μωυσει ουτως και ουτοι ανθιστανται τη αληθεια ανθρωποι κατεφθαρμενοι τον νουν αδοκιμοι περι την πιστιν
Latin: quemadmodum autem Iannes et Mambres restiterunt Mosi ita et hii resistunt veritati homines corrupti mente reprobi circa fidem
90. 2 Timothy 3:9
2 Timothy 3:9 But they shall proceed no further: for their folly shall be manifest unto all men, as theirs also was. [kjv]
αλλ ου προκοψουσιν επι πλειον η γαρ ανοια αυτων εκδηλος εσται πασιν ως και η εκεινων εγενετο [gnt]
… proficient insipientia … manifesta … [v]
Who is "
they"?
The Greek for
"manifest" is that of
"obvious".
"προκόπτω" ≈ "progress, thrive, succeed" and comes from
"κόπτω" ≈ "cut" as in "
cut forward".
91. Strongs - advance
- *G4298 *6 προκόπτω (prok-op'-to) : from G4253 and G2875; to drive forward (as if by beating), i.e. (figuratively and intransitively) to advance (in amount, to grow; in time, to be well along):--increase, proceed, profit, be far spent, wax.
- προκοψουσιν *3
- 2 Timothy 2:16 ... profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness.
- 2 Timothy 3:9 But they shall proceed no further: for their ...
- 2 Timothy 3:13 ... men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.
- προεκοπτεν
- Luke 2:52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, ...
- προεκοψεν
- Romans 13:12 The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore ...
- προεκοπτον
- Galatians 1:14 And profited in the Jews' religion above many ...
92. Usage - advance
*G4298 *6 προκόπτω (prok-op'-to) : from G4253 and G2875; to drive forward (as if by beating), i.e. (figuratively and intransitively) to advance (in amount, to grow; in time, to be well along):--increase, proceed, profit, be far spent, wax.
 |
Words: προεκοπτεν προεκοπτον προεκοψεν προκοψουσιν=3
|
93. 2 Timothy 3:9
KJV: But they shall proceed no further: for their folly shall be manifest unto all men, as theirs also was.
Greek: αλλ ου προκοψουσιν επι πλειον η γαρ ανοια αυτων εκδηλος εσται πασιν ως και η εκεινων εγενετο
Latin: sed ultra non proficient insipientia enim eorum manifesta erit omnibus sicut et illorum fuit
94. 2 Timothy 3:10
2 Timothy 3:10 But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity, patience, [kjv]
συ δε παρηκολουθησας μου τη διδασκαλια τη αγωγη τη προθεσει τη πιστει τη μακροθυμια τη αγαπη τη υπομονη [gnt]
The teaching of Paul is not as those described in the "
house".
The Greek for "
fully known" is that of, literally, "
beyond following".
"παρά" ≈ "beyond".
"ἀκόλουθος" ≈ "following, attending" and is the source of the English word "acolyte" as in, literally, "not following".
95. 2 Timothy 3:10
KJV: But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity, patience,
Greek: συ δε παρηκολουθηκας παρηκολουθησας μου τη διδασκαλια τη αγωγη τη προθεσει τη πιστει τη μακροθυμια τη αγαπη τη υπομονη
96. 2 Timothy 3:11
2 Timothy 3:11 Persecutions, afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me. [kjv]
τοις διωγμοις τοις παθημασιν οια μοι εγενετο εν αντιοχεια εν ικονιω εν λυστροις οιους διωγμους υπηνεγκα και εκ παντων με ερρυσατο ο κυριος [gnt]
persecutiones passiones … persecutiones … [v]
The Greek for
"persecute" is that of
"pursuit". In
context, this was usually
"persecution" and effected the meaning going forward in time.
The Greek for
"afflictions" is that of being
"passive". Being
"passive" often results in
"pain" and
"afflictions".
97. Philippians 3:6,14 Pursing persecution
The ancient Greek word
"διώκω" ≈ "pursue" in the sense of
"going after" or, in
context,
"persecuting". The Greek word "
blameless" is "
without spots".
Philippians 3:6 Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless. [kjv]
κατα ζηλος διωκων την εκκλησιαν κατα δικαιοσυνην την εν νομω γενομενος αμεμπτος [gnt]
Paul was
"pursuing" in the
wrong direction in a
"physical" way according to
man's "righteousness". The Greek for "
zeal" is that of "
competing with others for the same goal".
Paul is now
"pursuing" (same word) in the
right direction in a
"non-physical" way.
3:14 I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. [kjv]
κατα σκοπον διωκω εις το βραβειον της ανω κλησεως του θεου εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]
98. 2 Timothy 3:11
KJV: Persecutions, afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me.
Greek: τοις διωγμοις τοις παθημασιν οια μοι εγενετο εν αντιοχεια εν ικονιω εν λυστροις οιους διωγμους υπηνεγκα και εκ παντων με ερρυσατο ο κυριος
Latin: persecutiones passiones qualia mihi facta sunt Antiochiae Iconii Lystris quales persecutiones sustinui et ex omnibus me eripuit Dominus
99. 2 Timothy 3:12
2 Timothy 3:12 Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution. [kjv]
και παντες δε οι θελοντες ζην ευσεβως εν χριστω ιησου διωχθησονται [gnt]
… pie … persecutionem patientur [v]
The Greek for
"godly" is, as before, that of being
"august" or
"pious".
The Latin word
"patientur" ≈ "patient" is the source of the English word
"patient".
100. 2 Timothy 3:12
KJV: Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.
Greek: και παντες δε οι θελοντες ευσεβως ζην ευσεβως εν χριστω ιησου διωχθησονται
Latin: et omnes qui volunt pie vivere in Christo Iesu persecutionem patientur
101. Reflexive deception
2 Timothy 3:13 But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived. [kjv]
πονηροι δε ανθρωποι και γοητες προκοψουσιν επι το χειρον πλανωντες και πλανωμενοι [gnt]
mali … seductores … peius errantes … errorem … [v]
… ubilai … airzjai … airzjandans. [got]
Timothy was Bishop of Ephesus. In 2 Timothy 3:13, Paul warns Timothy of "
evil" men "
deceiving" and "
being deceived". The word for "
evil" appears to be that of being burdened down with the cares and concerns of this world.
Deception can be reflexive in that one may start to believe one's own lies. This often happens when, in deceiving others, one starts to believe the deception being used.
102. Vladimir Lenin
103. Evil
2 Timothy 3:13 But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived. [kjv]
πονηροι δε ανθρωποι και γοητες προκοψουσιν επι το χειρον πλανωντες και πλανωμενοι [gnt]
mali … seductores … peius errantes … errorem … [v]
… ubilai … airzjai … airzjandans. [got]
The Greek for "
evil" is that of "
oppression".
The Greek for "
deceiving" and "
deceived" is that of "
wandering" or "
deviation" as in the word for "
planet" as a "
wandering star".
104. 2 Timothy 3:13
KJV: But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.
Greek: πονηροι δε ανθρωποι και γοητες προκοψουσιν επι το χειρον πλανωντες και πλανωμενοι
105. 2 Timothy 3:14
2 Timothy 3:14 But continue thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast learned them; [kjv]
συ δε μενε εν οις εμαθες και επιστωθης ειδως παρα τινων εμαθες [gnt]
The Greek for "
continue" is that of "
abide" or "
remain" is the word used in the Meno Paradox.
106. 2 Timothy 3:14
KJV: But continue thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast learned them;
Greek: συ δε μενε εν οις εμαθες και επιστωθης ειδως παρα τινος τινων εμαθες
107. 2 Timothy 3:15
2 Timothy 3:15 And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. [kjv]
και οτι απο βρεφους ιερα γραμματα οιδας τα δυναμενα σε σοφισαι εις σωτηριαν δια πιστεως της εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]
The word for "
child" is that of a "
newborn infant" or "
fetus". The Greek had only one word for both of these. Timothy had been brought up this way by his mother starting in the womb. The ancient Greek word
"βρέφος" ≈ "unborn baby, baby, infant".
An even number is complete and is associated with female.
An odd number is lacking or extravagant and is associated with male.
108. 2 Timothy 3:15
2 Timothy 3:15 And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. [kjv]
και οτι απο βρεφους ιερα γραμματα οιδας τα δυναμενα σε σοφισαι εις σωτηριαν δια πιστεως της εν χριστω ιησου [gnt]
The "
holy scriptures" appear to be what is called the
OT (Old Testament) as the
NT (New Testament) did not exist in written form at this time.
The Greek for "
able" is that of "
potentiality". These "
holy scriptures" are not "
able" but, rather, have the "
potential" to do what is stated.
109. 2 Timothy 3:15
KJV: And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.
Greek: και οτι απο βρεφους τα ιερα γραμματα οιδας τα δυναμενα σε σοφισαι εις σωτηριαν δια πιστεως της εν χριστω ιησου
110. A reproof on the use of the word reproof
2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [kjv]
πασα γραφη θεοπνευστος και ωφελιμος προς διδασκαλιαν προς ελεγμον προς επανορθωσιν προς παιδειαν την εν δικαιοσυνη [gnt]
omnis scriptura divinitus inspirata et … docendum … arguendum … corrigendum … erudiendum … iustitia [v]
Many people assume that all scripture is good for "
reproof" as in good for "
admonishing" someone.
The Greek word translated as "
reproof" meant more of an "
argument of disproof" as in nicely showing someone the error in their reasoning using "
evidence". The Latin Vulgate word is
"argumentum" ≈ "argument, evidence, proof",
All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [kjv]
All scripture is given by inspiration of God and is helpful ...
All scripture that is God-breathed is helpful ...
Which translation is more open to deception, wandering off-track, improper inferences, etc.? A security analysis looks at how an assumed meaning can be exploited by some for their own advantage.
The
KJV and Latin contain the "
and". However, the Greek word for "
and" is
not present in some early Greek manuscripts which changes the meaning of the words.
New Testament text and translation commentary. p. 676. Phillip W. Comfort. Tyndale House Publishers. 2008. In such cases, one should investigate the implications for both possibilities and make decisions accordingly.
111. 2 Timothy 3:16 Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [kjv]
πασα γραφη θεοπνευστος και ωφελιμος προς διδασκαλιαν προς ελεγμον προς επανορθωσιν προς παιδειαν την εν δικαιοσυνη [gnt]
omnis scriptura divinitus inspirata et … docendum … arguendum … corrigendum … erudiendum … iustitia [v]
The Greek for "
profitable" is that of "
helpful". In context, it could be "
profitable".
112. 2 Timothy 3:16 Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [kjv]
πασα γραφη θεοπνευστος και ωφελιμος προς διδασκαλιαν προς ελεγμον προς επανορθωσιν προς παιδειαν την εν δικαιοσυνη [gnt]
omnis scriptura divinitus inspirata et … docendum … arguendum … corrigendum … erudiendum … iustitia [v]
Some Greek manuscripts add the "
and" which changes the meaning of the text. The "
is given by" is inferred in the English assuming the "
and" should be present.
The Greek for "
all" means "
everything" in the domain of discussion.
113. 2 Timothy 3:16 Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [kjv]
πασα γραφη θεοπνευστος και ωφελιμος προς διδασκαλιαν προς ελεγμον προς επανορθωσιν προς παιδειαν την εν δικαιοσυνη [gnt]
omnis scriptura divinitus inspirata et … docendum … arguendum … corrigendum … erudiendum … iustitia [v]
The only "
scripture" at the time were the "
holy writings" of the
OT. The
NT in written form does not appear to have existed at that time.
Can one justify changing "
all scripture" as in "
all writing" that is "
inspired by God" to include writing that would happen in the future?
Discuss: How does selecting which writing to include or exclude in the "
holy scriptures" influence the meaning of this verse?
114. 2 Timothy 3:16-17
2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [kjv]
3:17 That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works. [kjv]
The "
inspiration of God" is, in the Greek, "
God breathed". The "
breathed" is the word used at Pentecost..
Discuss: What are the differences and implications in the following translations?
All scripture is given by inspiration of God and is helpful ...
All scripture that is God-breathed is helpful ...
Which translation is more open to deception, wandering off-track, improper inferences, etc.?
115. 2 Timothy 3:16
KJV: All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:
Greek: πασα γραφη θεοπνευστος και ωφελιμος προς διδασκαλιαν προς ελεγχον ελεγμον προς επανορθωσιν προς παιδειαν την εν δικαιοσυνη
116. Commandments and laws
1 God's laws
2 Man's added laws
3 Fulfill
If one violates man's additions to God's law, has one violated the whole/entire law?
Does "
all scripture" include man's additions to God's law?
Greek has several words that, in the English, may be translated as "
fulfill" or "
fill full" and usually involves
adding.
One means "satisfied" (as in eating).
One means "completed" which may involve adding or subtracting. This is "πληρωμα" ≈ "complete, fill full".
"γένηται" ≈ "come into being, take place" from "γίγνομαι" ≈ "come into being, take place".
One means "end" or "purpose" but often translated as "complete" or "perfect".
117. 2 Timothy 3:17
2 Timothy 3:17 That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works. [kjv]
ινα αρτιος η ο του θεου ανθρωπος προς παν εργον αγαθον εξηρτισμενος [gnt]
This word for "
complete" as in "
even" is used only here in the
GNT and not in the
LXX. Did Paul intend to make a mathematical analogy to
even as
complete (female believer analogies) and
odd as
lacking (male false teacher analogies)?
This is a different Greek word than the one used for "fulfill" or "fill full".
This is a different Greek word than the one used for "purpose" or "end".
118. 2 Timothy 3:17
2 Timothy 3:17 That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works. [kjv]
ινα αρτιος η ο του θεου ανθρωπος προς παν εργον αγαθον εξηρτισμενος [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἄρτιος" ≈ "complete" as in an "
even number" being
complete. An "
odd number" was considered
lacking or
extravagant.
An even number is complete and is associated with female.
An odd number is lacking or extravagant and is associated with male.
Note the following.
Adding two even numbers always results in an even number.
Adding two odd numbers always results in an even number.
Adding an even number of even numbers always results in an even number.
Adding an odd number of odd numbers always results in an odd number.
119. 2 Timothy 3:16-17
2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [kjv]
3:17 That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works. [kjv]
As an informal mathematical proof resulting in a
complete or
even result, consider the following paraphrase.
Paraphrase: For all scripture such that that scripture is God-breathed, that scripture is helpful for ... such that the man of God is complete/even, ready to accomplish any good work.
One common thread in the laundry list of
sins of the last days appears to be that of a breakdown in relationships within the body of believers.
120. Strongs - equipped
- *G1822 *2 ἐξαρτίζω (ex-ar-tid'-zo) : from G1537 and a derivative of G739; to finish out (time); figuratively, to equip fully (a teacher):--accomplish, thoroughly furnish.
- εξαρτισαι
- Acts 21:5 And when we had accomplished those days, we departed and went our way; ...
- εξηρτισμενος
- 2 Timothy 3:17 ... of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.
121. Usage - equipped
*G1822 *2 ἐξαρτίζω (ex-ar-tid'-zo) : from G1537 and a derivative of G739; to finish out (time); figuratively, to equip fully (a teacher):--accomplish, thoroughly furnish.
 |
Words: εξαρτισαι εξηρτισμενος
|
122. 2 Timothy 3:17
KJV: That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.
Greek: ινα αρτιος η ο του θεου ανθρωπος προς παν εργον αγαθον εξηρτισμενος
123. Acts 21:5
Acts 21:5 And when we had accomplished those days, we departed and went our way; and they all brought us on our way, with wives and children, till we were out of the city: and we kneeled down on the shore, and prayed. [kjv]
οτε δε εγενετο εξαρτισαι ημας τας ημερας εξελθοντες επορευομεθα προπεμποντων ημας παντων συν γυναιξιν και τεκνοις εως εξω της πολεως και θεντες τα γονατα επι τον αιγιαλον προσευξαμενοι [gnt]
124. Acts 21:5
KJV: And when we had accomplished those days, we departed and went our way; and they all brought us on our way, with wives and children, till we were out of the city: and we kneeled down on the shore, and prayed.
Greek: οτε δε εγενετο ημας εξαρτισαι ημας τας ημερας εξελθοντες επορευομεθα προπεμποντων ημας παντων συν γυναιξιν και τεκνοις εως εξω της πολεως και θεντες τα γονατα επι τον αιγιαλον προσηυξαμεθα προσευξαμενοι
125. 2 Timothy 3:1,4-7 Review
2 Timothy 3:1 This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. [kjv]
Verses 2-3: 15 words describing men. Verse 4 has 5, the last 2 a comparison.
3:4 Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; [kjv]
προδοται προπετεις τετυφωμενοι φιληδονοι μαλλον η φιλοθεοι [gnt]
3:5 Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away. [kjv]
3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, [kjv]
3:7 Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. [kjv]
126. End of page
