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Matthew 10 Overview and summary
1. Matthew 10 Overview and summary
2. Matthew 10
3. Matthew 10 Overview and summary
In Matthew 10, Jesus sends the "disciples", as "apostles" or "ones sent", to the "lost" "sheep" of Israel. It becomes clear in later verses that the ideas of the message is carefully worded to apply to all times and not just this one mission.
4. Matthew 10:1-4 The twelve apostolic disciples
Matthew 10:1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease. [kjv]
At the beginning of Matthew 10, Jesus
sends, the meaning of "
apostle", the disciples out on a
mission. Why do they need to "
cast out" "
unclean spirits"? The twelve disciples of Jesus are then listed and the discourse continues.
| Simon Peter |
Philip |
James son of Alphaeus |
| Andrew (his brother) |
Bartholomew |
Thaddaeus (Lebbaeus) |
| James of Zebedee |
Thomas |
Simon the Canaanite |
| John (his brother) |
Matthew (publican) |
Judas Iscariot |
The ancient Greek word
"μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Only in the
GNT (Greek New Testament) is the meaning
"infirmity" or
"sickness". What type of
"softness" or
"effeminacy" or
"unmanliness" might Jesus, and here the disciples, have been healing?
5. Matthew 10:5-10 Possessing acquired purchases
Matthew 10:9 Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, [kjv]
μη κτησησθε χρυσον μηδε αργυρον μηδε χαλκον εις τας ζωνας υμων [gnt]
… possidere aurum … argentum … pecuniam in zonis … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"κτῆσις" ≈ "act of acquiring, ownership, taking" which, once obtained, becomes "
property". The word is from the ancient Greek word
"κτάομαι" ≈ "get, obtain, acquire". Once acquired, it is
"possessed".
This word is used in
seven verses in the
GNT. The meaning of the verse can change depending on whether the verse refers to already possessing something or whether that something is to be acquired and then possessed. The idea of "
possess" comes from the Latin word
"possidere" ≈ "possess".
The Greek for
"purses" is that of
"belt" and is the source of the English word
"zone". The Greek has
"into" (going into) rather than
"in" (already in).
This content is concerned with "
acquire" and not the precious metals of "
gold", "
silver" and "
brass" nor the way for the "
lost sheep" to get out of the pit and become
not lost.
6. Matthew 10:8-10 The way out of the pit
Matthew 10:8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give. [kjv]
… gratis accepistis gratis … [v]
10:9 Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, [kjv]
… possidere aurum … argentum … pecuniam in zonis … [v]
10:10 Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat. [kjv]
In Matthew 10:8-10, Jesus explains the way out of the "
pit" or "
ditch" or "
abyss". The "
lost sheep" become "
sheep" and ready to
start the path to life.
7. Matthew 10:8-9 Way out of the pit
Matthew 10:8-10 appears to show the way
out of the pit in a top-down backward-chaining way. The "
lost sheep" become "
sheep" and ready to
start the path to life.
Matthew 10:8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give. [kjv]
10:9 Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, [kjv]
KJV (King James Version) changes order of
lepers and
dead. The Greek words for "
gold" and "
silver" can be
play on words. Can we go further in the analysis?
4. Cast out devils (if necessary) to get out of the pit.
3. Cleanse them on the outside (if necessary, one coat needed).
2. Wake up the sleeping (not seeing) deadheads (if necessary).
1. Heal them on the inside to be ready to start the path to life.
8. Matthew 10:8-10 Way out of the pit
The Greek word for "
food" can be a play on words with "
trophy".
Is the "
workman" the person being sent out, the person being "
healed", both or neither?
Matthew 10:8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give. [kjv]
10:9 Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, [kjv]
10:10 Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat. [kjv]
Sometimes prophets did
concrete actions to symbolize
abstract ideas.
9. Matthew 10:11-15 Dusting off peaceful town salutes
Matthew 10:11 And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, enquire who in it is worthy; and there abide till ye go thence. [kjv]
10:12 And when ye come into an house, salute it. [kjv]
10:13 And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it: but if it be not worthy, let your peace return to you. [kjv]
10:14 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet. [kjv]
The Greek word for "city" can be a play on words with "many" as in the "many" on a "mountain" that cannot be "hid" (and not in a good sense). Evil tends to be concentrated in "cities".
The Greek word for "town" can be a play on words with "hair" as in the "hair" as a believer on the "head" as Christ.
The "house" can be the "house" of Israel, an individual "house", a "house" built on "sand" or "rock", etc.
Paraphrase of play on words:
... whatever city [many, bad] or town [hair, believer], ... if not received, depart out of that house or city [many] ...
One need not depart out of a "
town" [believer] as a "
hair" on the "
head" of
Jesus.
10. Numbers 6:5 Samson
11. Matthew 10:11 Town hairs as believers
Matthew 10:11 And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, enquire who in it is worthy; and there abide till ye go thence. [kjv]
εις ην δ αν πολιν η κωμην εισελθητε εξετασατε τις εν αυτη αξιος εστιν κακει μεινατε εως αν εξελθητε [gnt]
The Greek word for "
town" can be a play on words with "
hair" as in the "
hair" as a
believer on the "
head" as
Christ.
"κόμη" ≈ "well-tended hair" as opposed to "θρίψ" ≈ "hair".
"κώμη" ≈ "un-walled village or town".
"κόμην" ≈ "well-tended hair" (accusative singular).
"κώμην" ≈ "un-walled village or town" (accusative singular)
Today these words would be pronounced the same. At that time, they would have sounded similar.
A "
city", on the other hand, would have a "
wall". Discuss:
Is putting up "
walls" good or bad? Explain.
12. Matthew 10:11 Examine with prudence
Matthew 10:11 And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, enquire who in it is worthy; and there abide till ye go thence. [kjv]
εις ην δ αν πολιν η κωμην εισελθητε εξετασατε τις εν αυτη αξιος εστιν κακει μεινατε εως αν εξελθητε [gnt]
The Greek word for "
worthy" is the source of the English word
"axiom". The Greek word for "
abide" is that of "
remaining" as in the
Meno Paradox.
The Greek words for "
and there" can be a play on words with "
bad" referencing a grammatically feminine adjective. It is not clear if such a play on words applies here.
The Greek word translated as "
enquire" is that of "
examine". How can one "
examine" who is "
worthy"? One must use "
prudence" and make a decision based an what is known.
The passive action here is to make a decision based on available evidence. In verse 16 (five verses) verses, Jesus will tell them to be as "
prudent", translated as "
wise" as "
serpents" in making such decisions.
13. Matthew 10:13 Flow of peace
Matthew 10:13 And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it: but if it be not worthy, let your peace return to you. [kjv]
και εαν μεν η η οικια αξια ελθατω η ειρηνη υμων επ αυτην εαν δε μη η αξια η ειρηνη υμων εφ υμας επιστραφητω [gnt]
Whatever the word "
peace" means, it can be transferred to and, later if needed, transfered back.
The Greek word for "
peace" comes from either the Greek word for "
say" or "
joined together" (same word). This origin is disputed, but if not true, is then a play on words.
If you are continually exuding Jesus, as in a flow of emotion, actions, etc., then stopping that flow has the effect of returning it to you - to be used elsewhere.
14. Matthew 10:14 Dust in the wind
Matthew 10:14 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet. [kjv]
και ος αν μη δεξηται υμας μηδε ακουση τους λογους υμων εξερχομενοι εξω της οικιας η της πολεως εκεινης εκτιναξατε τον κονιορτον των ποδων υμων [gnt]
The "
house" or "
city" is not the "
town" which is a play on words with "
hair" as in a
believer.
A "
bird" preens its feathers to keep them "
smooth", as in "
without horns" and to remove pests. The passive action here is to preen by just shaking the dust off the "
feet" for those who do not "
listen". In verse 16 (in two verses), Jesus will tell them to be as "
without horns", translated as "
harmless" (only in the
GNT) as "
birds" or "
pigeons" and translated as "
doves" (same bird).
One should "
wash" the "
feet" of the "
fish" in the "
blood". Shaking the "
dust" off the "
feet" symbolically represents "
unwashing" those who do not want to be "
washed" in the "
blood". Apparently, this "
house" is built on "
sand" and one should not take any of that "
sand" (human infrastructure of man as in humanism) away.
15. Matthew 10:15
Matthew 10:15 Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city. [kjv]
αμην λεγω υμιν ανεκτοτερον εσται γη σοδομων και γομορρων εν ημερα κρισεως η τη πολει εκεινη [gnt]
There are things
worse than the
physical actions of Sodom and Gomorrha. Might these be the
abstract manifestation of
deception that can
deceive one into separating body and soul in hell? (verses 26-27)
16. Matthew 10:16 Animal crackers
In Matthew 10:16, Jesus uses four creatures in one verse:
sheep,
wolves,
serpents and
doves (
pigeons) as
"birds".
Matthew 10:16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. [kjv]
ιδου εγω αποστελλω υμας ως προβατα εν μεσω λυκων γινεσθε ουν φρονιμοι ως οι οφεις και ακεραιοι ως αι περιστεραι [gnt]
"
Wolves" operate in groups and look for any weakness in their prey. Wolves and dogs can interbreed. A "
wolf-dog" is in contrast to a "
sheep-dog".
The "
serpents" are
not "
wise" in the English sense. They are
opportunistic and
prudent. So, no "
wise crackers" here!
The
"doves" or
"pigeons" (same bird) or
"birds" are
not "
harmless" in the English sense. They are without frills (insect antennas). Is this how
"birds" of "
prey" or
"pray" want to appear?
17. Matthew 10:16
KJV: Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.
Greek: ιδου εγω αποστελλω υμας ως προβατα εν μεσω λυκων γινεσθε ουν φρονιμοι ως οι οφεις και ακεραιοι ως αι περιστεραι
18. Matthew 10:16 Context
Matthew 10:16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. [kjv]
ιδου εγω αποστελλω υμας ως προβατα εν μεσω λυκων γινεσθε ουν φρονιμοι ως οι οφεις και ακεραιοι ως αι περιστεραι [gnt]
In previous verses, Jesus has provided the following guidance.
"Examine" who in "worthy". This requires "prudence" as a "serpent".
Shake the "dust" off the "feet". This requires "preening" or "without horns" as a "pigeon" or "dove" (same "bird").
In the next verses, Jesus will provide the following guidance.
The "wolves" will do the "persecution", looking for any "weakness" in the "prey" that can be used (e.g., strong beliefs that are held).
19. Matthew 10:17-18 Persecution
Matthew 10:17 But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues; [kjv]
10:18 And ye shall be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them and the Gentiles. [kjv]
These verses appear to indicate that this discourse is carefully worded to apply to all time and not just this particular mission or to just the House of Israel.
The Greek word for "council" can be a play on words with "together three" as in the "three" parts of Satan, also represented as "gold", "silver" and "copper".
The Greek word for "synagogue" can be a play on words with "going together on the earth".
20. Matthew 10:19-20 Say what
Matthew 10:19 But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak. [kjv]
10:20 For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you. [kjv]
The business JIT (Just In Time) idea allows actions and speaking to be taken when needed instead of the business JIC (Just In Case) idea whereby one is never really ready until the "last" "farthing" has been paid, which will never happen. This is not a Biblical excuse for pastors to not prepare sermons.
21. Matthew 10:21-22 Persecution
Matthew 10:21 And the brother shall deliver up the brother to death, and the father the child: and the children shall rise up against their parents, and cause them to be put to death. [kjv]
10:22 And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that endureth to the end shall be saved. [kjv]
The "
delivering" up of one another is reminiscent of the
Olivet Discourse about the
End Times in Matthew 24.
These verses appear to describe how the (people of the) "
world" has treated the Jews in general since then. The same has been true, to a lesser extent, for Christians.
22. Matthew 10:23 Flee persecution
Matthew 10:23 But when they persecute you in this city, flee ye into another: for verily I say unto you, Ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel, till the Son of man be come. [kjv]
The "
flee" to "
another" is reminiscent of the "
cities" of "
refuge" in the
OT (Old Testament).
23. Matthew 10:24-25 Beelzebub projection
Matthew 10:24 The disciple is not above his master, nor the servant above his lord. [kjv]
10:25 It is enough for the disciple that he be as his master, and the servant as his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebub, how much more shall they call them of his household? [kjv]
One would want to be "
above" the "
master" or "
lord" in order to be "
great".
The psychological idea of
projection is that of accusing others of doing or thinking what you are doing or thinking.
Here, given the
projection of the religious establishment, Jesus associates the religious establishment with Beelzebub, Satan, etc.
24. Matthew 10:26 Fear and Beelzebub
Matthew 10:26 Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known. [kjv]
μη ουν φοβηθητε αυτους ουδεν γαρ εστιν κεκαλυμμενον ο ουκ αποκαλυφθησεται και κρυπτον ο ου γνωσθησεται [gnt]
The Greek for
"hid" is seldom, if ever, used in a good context in the
LXX (Septuagint) or
GNT. The "
many" who are on a "
mountain"
cannot be
"hid".
The Greek word for
"covered" and
"secret" or
"hidden" are related.
The "
them" are the
religious establishment (i.e., "
birds" and "
pigs") who have (in the previous verses) attributed the power of Jesus as coming from
Satan or
Beelzebub.
Discuss: Do modern pastors effectively attribute the power of Jesus to Satan when they preach, not about what Jesus actually says, but the opposite of what Jesus says?
25. Matthew 10:27 Housetops
Matthew 10:27 What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light: and what ye hear in the ear, that preach ye upon the housetops. [kjv]
ο λεγω υμιν εν τη σκοτια ειπατε εν τω φωτι και ο εις το ους ακουετε κηρυξατε επι των δωματων [gnt]
It appears one is to be "
on" the "
housetop" of the "
house" that is built on "
sand" rather than inside and a part of that "
house". The phrase "
better together" is deceptive.
This same word for "
houses" is used in the Sermon on the Mount as in giving bad "
gifts" or "
houses" (i.e., built on "
sand") to your "
children".
The "
birds" as
false teachers who use
deception want the flock to be "
better together" or "
all in the same boat" or "
all in the same vote" or "
all in the some house", etc. Instead of putting their "
candle" or "
opinion" under a on
objective "
measure" they like to hold up that
false light for all in their "
house" (apparently built on a "
mountain") to see.
26. Matthew 10:28 Soul and body
Matthew 10:28 And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. [kjv]
και μη φοβεισθε απο των αποκτεινοντων το σωμα την δε ψυχην μη δυναμενων αποκτειναι φοβεισθε δε μαλλον τον δυναμενον και ψυχην και σωμα απολεσαι εν γεεννη [gnt]
Jesus tells us who we should
"fear" and it is not
"fear" about the
cares and
concerns of this world. The most dangerous attacks are not from the outside but from the inside and involve
deception.
One cannot "
destroy the soul" by "
killing" the body is in persecution (e.g., by the Roman administrations). The primary way to "
destroy the soul" is through
deception so that you "
sell yourself out" or are "
sold out".
Jesus provides an example in the
next verse.
27. Matthew 10:29-31 Soul and body
28. Matthew 10:29,31 All the sparrows
Matthew 10:29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father. [kjv]
ουχι δυο στρουθια ασσαριου πωλειται και εν εξ αυτων ου πεσειται επι την γην ανευ του πατρος υμων [gnt]
10:31 Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows. [kjv]
μη ουν φοβεισθε πολλων στρουθιων διαφερετε υμεις [gnt]
Paraphrase:
All the sparrows (of the evil one) who sell themselves (or others) out for earthly gain will fall on that earthly ground because they are without God the Father ... Fear not. You are different than sparrows.
It takes "
two" to work a "
deal" - for or against God.
The Greek word for "
hairs" is that of general "
hairs" and
not the Greek word for "
well-behaved hairs" which is a play on words with (un-walled) "
town" or "
village".
Which birds stick together the best?
Velcrows
29. Matthew 10:32 Confession reasoning
Matthew 10:32 Whosoever therefore shall confess me before men, him will I confess also before my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
πας ουν οστις ομολογησει εν εμοι εμπροσθεν των ανθρωπων ομολογησω καγω εν αυτω εμπροσθεν του πατρος μου του εν τοις ουρανοις [gnt]
omnis … confitebitur … coram … confitebor … coram … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"ὁμολογέω" ≈ "agree" and means, literally, "
same reasoning" or "
same explanation" and can be "
same word" if "
word" is taken as "
reasoning". The Latin word
"confiteor" ≈ "confess".
Discuss:
Is this a verbal "confession"?
Can actions, or lack of actions, define a "confession"?
30. Matthew 10:33 Deny
31. Matthew 10:32-33 Confess or deny
32. Proverbs 1:17 Birds and nets
Proverbs 1:17 Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird. [kjv]
ου γαρ αδικως εκτεινεται δικτυα πτερωτοις [lxx]
for nets are not without cause spread for birds. [bs3]
The
Epistle of Barnabas interprets birds and nets from Proverbs 1:17 in the
LXX.
A bird net works much better if there is some food on which the birds desire to eat. It might be "
deceptive" food.
English: Now the scripture says: "Not unjustly are nets spread out for the birds". This means that people deserve to perish if, having knowledge of the way of righteousness, they ensnare themselves in the way of darkness. (1.4, Holmes, p. 393)
Greek: [1.4] λέγει δὲ ἡ γραφή Οὐκ ἀδίκως ἐκτείνεται δίκτυα πτερωτοῖς. τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι δικαιως ἀπολεῖται ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἔχων ὁδοῦ δικαιοσύνης γνῶσιν ἑαυτὸν εἰς ὁδὸν σκότους ἀποσυνέχει.
33. Proverbs 1:17
KJV: Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird.
Hebrew: כי חנם מזרה הרשת בעיני כל בעל כנף׃
Greek: ου γαρ αδικως εκτεινεται δικτυα πτερωτοις
Brenton: for nets are not without cause spread for birds.
34. Matthew 10:34
Matthew 10:34 Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword. [kjv]
μη νομισητε οτι ηλθον βαλειν ειρηνην επι την γην ουκ ηλθον βαλειν ειρηνην αλλα μαχαιραν [gnt]
The Greek word translated as "
send" is that of "
throw" as in "
throw a sword", "
throw water", etc.
What is "peace"? What is "sword"?
The Greek word for
"peace" comes from either the Greek word for
"say" or
"fasten together" (same word). This origin is disputed, but if not true, is then a play on words.
"εἰρήνη" ≈ "peace".
"εἴρω" ≈ "speak, say".
"εἴρω" ≈ "fasten together". Compare this with "better together".
"εἴρων" ≈ "one who feigns ignorance" and is the source of the English word "irony" but had that different meaning in ancient times.
Jesus will provide more details as to what this verse means in the next few verses.
35. Matthew 10:35 Variance
Matthew 10:35 For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. [kjv]
ηλθον γαρ διχασαι ανθρωπον κατα του πατρος αυτου και θυγατερα κατα της μητρος αυτης και νυμφην κατα της πενθερας αυτης [gnt]
… separare … patrem … filiam … matrem … nurum … socrum … [v]
The
KJV translates as "
variance" the ancient Greek word
"δίχα" ≈ "into two parts, in two ways" and, in general, anything pulled or separated into two parts.
The ancient Greek word
"κατά" ≈ "against, opposing, into" (genitive) with a sense of "
getting down" to something.
The ancient Greek word
"νύμφη" ≈ "bride, young woman" and is the source of the English word
"nymph". The ancient Greek word
"νυμφίος" ≈ "bridegroom, young husband".
36. Matthew 10:35 Paraphrase
Matthew 10:35 For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. [kjv]
ηλθον γαρ διχασαι ανθρωπον κατα του πατρος αυτου και θυγατερα κατα της μητρος αυτης και νυμφην κατα της πενθερας αυτης [gnt]
That Jesus came for this and is saying this implies that, now and before (at least the recent past), this was not the case.
Jesus will be the "groom" or "bridegroom" and the church will be the "bride".
Paraphrase:
Jesus is come to (now) set a man in two ways against (with respect to) his father and to set the daughter in two ways against (with respect to) her mother and the bride (young woman, daughter) in two ways against (with respect to) her mother in law.
37. Variance build
This diagram build is being developed.
Matthew 10:35 For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. [kjv]
The description is not complete in a literal sense (missing family parts and connections). Thus, the meanings may be symbolic.
1. Situation before Jesus says the verse.
2. Present situation of man, father, daughter, mother.
3. Near future situation that adds the bride and mother-in-law.
In one sense, the "
mother-in-law" is Mary, the mother of Jesus.
38. Matthew 10:35
Matthew 10:35 For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. [kjv]
ηλθον γαρ διχασαι ανθρωπον κατα του πατρος αυτου και θυγατερα κατα της μητρος αυτης και νυμφην κατα της πενθερας αυτης [gnt]
Discuss:
Can the "church" commit "adultery" before Jesus establishes the "church"?
Can the "church" be "divorced" and "marry another" before Jesus establishes the "church"?
Does the "bride", translated as "daughter in law" exist before Jesus establishes the "church"?
Does the "mother in law" of the "bride" exist before Jesus establishes the "church"?
39. Matthew 10:36
Matthew 10:36 And a man's foes shall be they of his own household. [kjv]
και εχθροι του ανθρωπου οι οικιακοι αυτου [gnt]
… inimici … domestici … [v]
The
KJV translates as
"foes" the ancient Greek word
"ἐχθρός" ≈ "hateful, hostile, enemy".
Might the
"enemies" be part of the religious establishment?
Does the "
household" include those in the "
house" that is built either on the "
rock" or on "
sand"? These are analogies and, as such, ideas. In reality, they are both the
same physical house.
40. Matthew 10:37
Matthew 10:37 He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. [kjv]
This description is more family complete as it includes "
father", "
mother", "
son" and "
daughter". Thus, the meaning may be more literal than symbolic (i.e., code word meanings).
The Greek words for "
not" "
greater" is the way of saying
less than or equal to. One has leeway in decisions, using "
prudence", as long as those decisions do not violate or make one greater than the laws of God (love God and rules, love neighbor as yourself, etc.).
41. Compare Matthew and Luke
Matthew 10:37 He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. [kjv]
ο φιλων πατερα η μητερα υπερ εμε ουκ εστιν μου αξιος και ο φιλων υιον η θυγατερα υπερ εμε ουκ εστιν μου αξιος [gnt]
Luke 14:26 If any man come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. [kjv]
ει τις ερχεται προς με και ου μισει τον πατερα εαυτου και την μητερα και την γυναικα και τα τεκνα και τους αδελφους και τας αδελφας ετι τε και την ψυχην εαυτου ου δυναται ειναι μου μαθητης [gnt]
Now we have a context for the verse in Luke about "
hate" and the verse in Matthew about "
love". What do each of these verses mean and how do they relate?
The key to the connection is to understand the logical meaning "
more than" in Matthew 10:37. The Greek word is that of "
over" which has the same logical meaning as "
more than".
42. Table comparison
| Book |
Spoken by Jesus |
Same meaning |
Status |
| Matthew |
not (family > Jesus) |
family ≤ Jesus |
correct |
| Luke |
not (family > Jesus) |
family < Jesus |
incorrect |
Correct logic: Matthew writes down and reports what Jesus spoke.
You should "love" Jesus.
Your family must be "less than or equal to" Jesus. (correct)
You must not "love" (nor condone) the worldly part of your family that are against God more than Jesus.
The
incorrect logic goes as follows. Luke reports what was remembered.
You should "love" Jesus.
Your family must be "less than" Jesus. (incorrect)
The opposite of "love" is "hate" (two choices).
Therefore, you must "hate" your family. (incorrect)
43. Matthew 10:38 Following in the crosswalk
Matthew 10:38 And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me. [kjv]
και ος ου λαμβανει τον σταυρον αυτου και ακολουθει οπισω μου ουκ εστιν μου αξιος [gnt]
… non … crucem … sequitur … non … dignus [v]
The Greek for
"worthy" is related to the English word
"axiom" as in something important or
"worthy".
44. Matthew 10:39 Lost and found
45. Matthew 10:39 Lost and found
Matthew 10:39 He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it. [kjv]
ο ευρων την ψυχην αυτου απολεσει αυτην και ο απολεσας την ψυχην αυτου ενεκεν εμου ευρησει αυτην [gnt]
Consider the following words as related.
"bind", "glue", "find".
"loose", "separate", "cut-off", "pluck-out", "lose", "release".
Paraphrase:
He who finds/glues/binds his life (to this world) will lose/separate/loose it (in eternity). He that loses/separates/looses his life (from this world) for my sake will find/glue/bind that life (to me in eternity).
46. Broad and narrow ways to find life
Matthew 10:39 He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it. [kjv]
ο ευρων την ψυχην αυτου απολεσει αυτην και ο απολεσας την ψυχην αυτου ενεκεν εμου ευρησει αυτην [gnt]
16:25 For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it. [kjv]
ος γαρ εαν θελη την ψυχην αυτου σωσαι απολεσει αυτην ος δ αν απολεση την ψυχην αυτου ενεκεν εμου ευρησει αυτην [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"εὐρρίσκω" ≈ "find, discover", as in
"eureka", but a play on words uses the ancient Greek word
"εὐρός" ≈ "broad, wide" (source of the English word
"Europe") and, perhaps,
"εὐρώς" ≈ "mold, mildew, rust". Thus, one who attempts to
"find" one's "
life" in the
"broad" or
"wide" area might encounter
"mold",
"mildew" or "
rust", thus "
losing" one's "
life".
What Jesus says later is that of
"save" rather than
"findeth" with the associated play on word meanings.
Discuss: Why might it be to the church's advantage to convince followers that they should "
lose" their (worldly) "
life" in order to
"find" (eternal) "
life"?
47. Matthew 10:40-42 Cold rewards
Matthew 10:40 He that receiveth you receiveth me, and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me. [kjv]
10:41 He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet's reward; and he that receiveth a righteous man in the name of a righteous man shall receive a righteous man's reward. [kjv]
10:42 And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward. [kjv]
Jesus uses the Greek word for
"receive" or
"accept" many times in these verses. The
KJV then translates the Greek word for
"take" as in
"take" up your cross (a few verses earlier) as
"receive".
The "
glue" need to go both ways. These verses end the chapter but the discourse (and these topics) continue into the next chapter.
The conditional analogy words "
as if" are not translated directly in 10:42 and makes some unnecessary assumptions on certain words. Jesus often uses the word
"one" in a special way (one cookie rule).
48. Matthew 10:40-42 Top down summary review
49. End of page
Numbers 6:5 All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razor come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the LORD, he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow. [kjv]
πασας τας ημερας της ευχης του αγνισμου ξυρον ουκ επελευσεται επι την κεφαλην αυτου εως αν πληρωθωσιν αι ημεραι οσας ηυξατο κυριω αγιος εσται τρεφων κομην τριχα κεφαλης [lxx]
Matthew 10:29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father. [kjv]
ουχι δυο στρουθια ασσαριου πωλειται και εν εξ αυτων ου πεσειται επι την γην ανευ του πατρος υμων [gnt]
10:30 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. [kjv]
υμων δε και αι τριχες της κεφαλης πασαι ηριθμημεναι εισιν [gnt]
10:31 Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows. [kjv]
μη ουν φοβεισθε πολλων στρουθιων διαφερετε υμεις [gnt]
Matthew 10:33 But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
οστις δε δ αν αρνησηται με εμπροσθεν των ανθρωπων αρνησομαι καγω αυτον εμπροσθεν του πατρος μου του εν τοις ουρανοις [gnt]
… negaverit … coram … negabo … coram … [v]
Matthew 10:32 Whosoever therefore shall confess me before men, him will I confess also before my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
πας ουν οστις ομολογησει εν εμοι εμπροσθεν των ανθρωπων ομολογησω καγω εν αυτω εμπροσθεν του πατρος μου του εν τοις ουρανοις [gnt]
omnis … confitebitur … coram … confitebor … coram … [v]
10:33 But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
… negaverit … coram … negabo … coram … [v]
Matthew 10:39 He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it. [kjv]
ο ευρων την ψυχην αυτου απολεσει αυτην και ο απολεσας την ψυχην αυτου ενεκεν εμου ευρησει αυτην [gnt]
Matthew 10:40 He that receiveth you receiveth me, and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me. [kjv]
10:41 He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet's reward; and he that receiveth a righteous man in the name of a righteous man shall receive a righteous man's reward. [kjv]
10:42 And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward. [kjv]
